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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(2)
有孔虫壳体的氧同位素值(δ18 O)是由其生长时海水δ18 O和温度决定的,在海水δ18 O已知的情况下,可以由壳体的δ18 O值估算海水温度。本文以南海北部沿岸地区9个站位的柱状沉积物中浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber为研究对象,测试了其壳体的δ18 O值。分别以相应站点夏季与冬季表层海水的实测δ18 O值代入温度公式,估算了对应的夏季与冬季的海水温度值。然后把计算结果与World Ocean Atlas(WOA)数据库相应站点的海水温度数据作比较。结果表明,计算出的夏季海水温度与WOA的夏季温度有较大差别,而计算出的冬季海水温度则与WOA的冬季海水温度基本相当。这说明δ18 Oruber记录的是该区域冬季表层海水的温度,此区域内G.ruber这一属种的生产力和沉积通量在东亚冬季风盛行期间出现了最高值。 相似文献
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本文首次报道了闽赣地区部分温泉水的氢氧同位素分析结果。文中对本区温泉的成因及补给来源也进行了初步探讨。结果表明,本区温泉的δ~(18)O和δD值与大气降水线一致,表明它们是大气降水的深循环成因,但厦门杏林湾温泉水源于海水,而漳州温来混入了海水。 相似文献
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本文用在加拿大诺瓦·斯科舍省芬克湾采集到的两只活体偏顶蛤(Modiolus)贝壳上的氧同位素组成重建了过去十年间的底层海水温度记录,它也可作为一种独立的方法来确定贝壳上外生长线的沉积时间。由于对贝壳进行了密集采样(可多至每个贝壳沉积年份取15个样品),贝壳上的δ~(16)O变化反映了芬克湾底层海水的季节性变化。两只贝壳所得的温度剖面符合得很好,说明它们基本上是与真实的环境温度相对应的。本研究证明在海胆疾病爆发时底层海水的温度并没有异常升高,这说明疾病传播的关键因素是带病的生物体,而不是温度。同位素技术也说明了在贝壳外表面上可见的外生长线是年轮性的,它们是在每年冬季最低水温时沉积出来的。 相似文献
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在配备双路进样系统的稳定同位素质谱仪(Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry:IRMS)上采用气体平衡法测定微量水样的高精度氢氧稳定同位素组成,同时采用国际及国家水稳定同位素标样及实验室工作标准进行多次测试及校正,获得δD的外部精度为1.0‰-2.0‰,δ18O的外部精度好于0.1‰.利用该方法对2007年冬季北海附近表层海水、河口水等水体的δD、δ18O进行测定,结果显示,δD、δ18O组成可以区分不同的水体,δD与δ18O存在显著正相关关系,但其δD-δ18O相关关系与邻近地区大气降水有明显差异;同时δD、δ18O与盐度也存在很好的正相关关系.这些结果意味着δD-δ18O关系主要反映海水与河水的混合过程.结合现场观测的水文资料,发现δ18O与表面水温有中等相关性,意味着蒸发作用对水体的氧同位素组成也有一定的影响.这些关系可应用于海水对近岸水域影响的研究,以及利用δ18O-盐度方程重建古盐度. 相似文献
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长期以来古海洋表层古水温研究的热点主要集中在第四纪,很少涉及到2.5Ma之前。利用ODP 184航次1147和1148站位的获得的相关资料,并主要采用长链烯酮U3k7)和底栖有孔虫氧同位素(δ18 O)两种方法,计算海水氧同位素组成,然后,利用浮游有孔虫氧同位素法计算16Ma以来的海水温度变化,探讨南海北部16Ma以来的古海水温度变化机制。结果表明,南海北部水温总体趋势与全球气候发展相对应,在北半球冰盖形成时期,海水表层温度与代表高纬冰盖体积大小的底栖有孔虫δ18 O几乎同步变化,反映出南海热带海区古气候变化的特殊性,为进一步研究低纬热带海区在全球古气候变化中的作用提供了新证据。 相似文献
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基于山西龙洞8个铀钍年代和100个氧同位素数据(δ~(18 )O)重建了深海氧同位素(MIS)3阶段以来东亚夏季风演化历史。石笋L8沉积并不连续,主要生长在58.0~54.5,27.1~18.0和6.8~3.9kaBP 3个阶段。不同于季风边缘区其他洞穴记录,石笋δ~(18 )O值在24.5kaBP突然增加1‰,表明MIS2早期内陆地区经历了一次显著的弱季风过程,可能响应于北大西洋Heinrich 2事件。石笋δ~(18 )O序列伴随着轨道尺度太阳辐射的变化,晚全新世δ~(18 )O值持续偏重意味着低纬热带辐合带逐步南移,导致北方地区夏季风降水持续减少。Dansgaard-Oeschger(D-O)15事件具有明显的双峰结构,与格陵兰冰心记录的亚千年尺度温度波动几乎同步变化。 相似文献
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深海沉积物中有孔虫壳体的氧同位素成分(δ^18O)被广泛用做古气候变化标志，但是这种δ^18O的变化是由海水表面温度、全球冰体体积和区域盐度相互作用造成的，这三者的影响难以分开．最近已发展了一种根据浮游藻类中不饱和稀烃(alkenone)的丰度比值来计算古温度的技术．这里我们利用取自于阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾间的深海钻孔氧同位素和烯烃记录相结合的方法来提取盐度信号． 相似文献
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《应用海洋学学报》2017,(1)
本研究研制了由气压棒、气体控制阀、不锈钢管冷阱、石英毛细管冷阱、杜瓦瓶、化学阱等构成的N_2O预富集装置,通过扩展GasbenchⅡ功能控制冷阱的升降,改造气体回路、进样针和样品盘,实现N_2O的预富集以及GasbenchⅡ自动进样与IRMS联机测定.通过将海水中的硝酸盐经化学方法转化成N_2O,建立了海水硝酸盐氮、氧同位素的分析方法.研究表明,所建立方法对海水硝酸盐氮、氧同位素的分析具有很好的精度,硝酸盐δ~(15)N、δ~(18)O及峰面积的相对标准偏差分别小于1%、3%和5%.对采自南极普里兹湾海水样品中硝酸盐氮、氧同位素的分析结果与文献报道值吻合,也与海水硝酸盐氮、氧同位素组成的变化规律相一致,证明所建立的技术方法可成功运用于海水硝酸盐氮、氧同位素的分析. 相似文献
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河蚬分布的气候环境及壳体稳定同位素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据实地考察和对现有资料的统计与分析,揭示中国大陆河蚬现生种主要分布在中国东南部年降水量大于800 mm(800~1400 mm)、1月平均气温大于0℃(0.5~4.5℃)、温暖湿润的淡水—微咸水河湖环境之中。河蚬壳体在生长过程中记录了气候环境和水体性质的信息。利用碳酸盐自动装置与Finnigan MAT-253型质谱仪联机对河蚬壳体δ18O和δ13C的值进行了系统测试,通过对比分析发现,壳体生长过程中由于生理效应和生态习性差异造成全壳的δ18O值变化较小,江苏一帆河、古黄河、江西绵江和云南滇池4个采样区(点)之间变化仅为1.4‰;河蚬壳体不同部位δ18O值记录了生长过程中的季节性温度变化;随纬度增高壳体δ13C值富集轻同位素组成,有变负的趋势;雨热同期气候环境下的一帆河、古黄河地区现代河蚬壳体碳氧同位素值在个体生长过程中变化位相非常相似,反映了壳体碳氧同位素值对气候环境的响应。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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Lars-Göran Danielsson 《Marine Chemistry》1980,8(3):199-215
Results of trace-metal analyses of water samples obtained during a cruise with the Soviet R.V. “Akademik Kurchatov” in the Indian Ocean are presented. The determinations were performed on board with atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a two-stage dithiocarbamate—Freon extraction procedure. Trace-metal concentrations found are in the same range as those found recently for similar open-ocean areas by other workers. The values for lead and zinc are probably high due to contamination. Vertical profiles indicate biogenic processes as controlling factors for the increase of cadmium, copper and nickel concentrations with depth. Iron shows an irregular depth distribution as a result of large random variations in concentration. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献