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1.
本文基于第3代海浪模式WAVEWATCH Ⅲ (WW3)模拟的1996–2015年海浪后报数据,分析了南海北部有效波高及其极值的时空变化特征,并采用Pearson-Ⅲ和Gumbel两种极值分布方法对该区极值波高重现期进行了估算。结果表明,南海北部有效波高的季节变化和空间分布与季风风场基本一致,呈现秋冬高春夏低,并自吕宋海峡西侧向西南降低的特征,与ERA5再分析数据结果高度相似。有效波高极值(简称极值波高)的时空分布特征受时间分辨率强烈影响,采用极值数据的分辨率越高(如逐小时),所展现的台风型波浪特征越显著。扣除季节变化信号后的有效波高和年极值波高均体现出较强的线性增高趋势,近20年升高的比例分别为7.7%和31.6%,值得警惕和关注。该区多年一遇极值波高存在若干个大值区,且与台风的路径、强度有直接联系,表明台风是引发该区域极端大浪的最主要机制。对比Pearson-Ⅲ和Gumbel极值分布估算结果发现:若极值波高较低,频率随极值波高升高缓慢降低,此时两种极值分布的估算都比较准确,差异极小,可忽略不计;但当研究时间范围内,某年极值波高远超其他年份时,Pearson-Ⅲ极值分布估算结果明显高...  相似文献   

2.
基于广义极值分布的设计波高推算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
简介了广义极值分布函数及其3种参数估计方法,包括极大似然(ML)、线性矩(LM)和间隔最大积(MPS)估计的计算方法。使用广义极值分布函数推算了北部湾涠洲岛海域3个波向的年波高极值序列设计波高,并与Weibull分布、Gumbel分布和皮尔逊Ⅲ型分布的推算结果加以对比。分析表明,涠洲岛海域极值波高服从于广义极值Ⅲ型分布,拟合优度检验结果表明广义极值分布能更好地拟合极值波高;MPS方法是一种优良的参数估计法,推算的设计波高可作为海岸环境工程设计的首要参考值。  相似文献   

3.
极值样本的选取和分布模型的确定是设计波高推算中的两个关键环节。使用阈值法选取波高过阈样本作为极值样本时,常用标准风暴长度法对超出量序列进行“去聚类”处理,以使样本符合独立性标准。然而标准风暴长度法中的标准风暴长度需要人为选择,增加了取样结果的不确定性。本文提出了一种自动的标准风暴长度估计方法,并基于该方法选取了粤西海域的波高过阈样本。波高过阈样本具有尖峰、厚尾的统计特征,为了更准确地拟合该样本,本文基于组合模型原理构建了一种新的分布模型——Gumbel-Pareto分布模型,并用该模型进行了粤西海域的设计波高推算,结果表明Gumbel-Pareto分布对波高过阈样本的拟合优度比Gumbel分布和广义Pareto分布更高,可以为大型海洋工程设计波高的确定提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
极值分布参数的非线性估计及其工程应用   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
本文基于高斯—牛顿法,在理论频率与实际频率残差平方和最小这一适线准则下,实现了三种极值分布参数的非线性估计。该算法计算精度高,收敛速度快,对观测数据拟合程度较佳。文中对三种极值分布与P-Ⅲ型分布、对数正态分布进行了适线比较,所做工程算例表明;极值Ⅱ型所得小概率设计参数最大,极值Ⅰ型次之,威布尔分布最小,P-Ⅲ型与对数正态分布居中。本文采用的分布参数拟合方法同样适用于其它线型。  相似文献   

5.
基于广西涠洲岛海洋监测站3个方向的年极值波高观测资料,在假设其服从Weibull分布的基础上,运用最小二乘法,矩估计法和最速下降法对Weibull分布的参数进行估计,同时引入粒子群算法确定Weibull分布的3个参数,对文中4种方法得出的拟合结果及运算效率进行比较分析,说明了粒子群算法在估计极值分布参数中的优势.  相似文献   

6.
利用澳大利亚悉尼观测站连续16年的实测资料,并结合波高阈值法以及年N大波法两种新的采样方法,利用最小二乘法原理,对对数正态分布、Gumbel第一型极值分布、Weibull分布、指数分布和皮尔逊Ⅲ型曲线五种分布函数进行分析和比较,从而选出一种适用的分布函数。同时,文章介绍了一种最新的估计三参数Weibull分布参数的方法。结果表明:三参数Weibull分布函数的相关系数较大,拟合较好,而且均方误也都较小。从而得出结论,三参数Weibull分布函数得到的结果较好,并建议使用该分布函数进行设计波高的计算。  相似文献   

7.
以CCMP风场(1988年1月~2010年12月)为驱动,本文采用第三代海浪数值模式SWAN对中国海海区进行风浪场的数值模拟,并利用浮标资料对驱动风场和计算有效波高进行验证。根据模拟的结果分别采用广义帕雷托分布(GPD)和常用的广义极值分布(GEV)拟合累积频率曲线并进行效果检验,进而分析和比较2种分布的优缺点,并运用广义帕雷托分布(GPD)模型进行重现期波要素的推算,分析GPD模型的应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
首先介绍了耿贝尔逻辑模型,采用该模型对南海海域的涠州岛海洋站的风速和有效波高实测数据进行了分析,结果表明耿贝尔逻辑模型较好地描述了年极值风速和有效波高两随机变量的联合分布;采用得到的极值风浪联合概率分布推算了不同重现期的极值风速和波高,表明考虑风速和波高相关性对设计荷载的确定有显著影响。由于耿贝尔逻辑模型具有函数结构简单,参数估计方便,因此有望成为极值风速和波高联合分布的较理想概率模型。  相似文献   

9.
陈子燊 《海洋通报》2011,30(2):159-164
基于copula函数论述了两变量的联合概率分布方法.此方法的主要优点是边缘分布可由不同的分布函数构成,变量间可具相关性.以粤东汕尾海域极值波高与相应风速为研究实例,经分析获得以下结果:(1)优选的极值波高和风速可分别由P-Ⅲ型和GEV 分布表示:(2)拟合优度检验指标表明二者的最优连接函数为Archimedean co...  相似文献   

10.
黄树生 《海洋通报》1994,13(4):10-19
根据1960-1989年南麂海洋站的实测风浪资料,分析了该海域的风浪特征,结果认为:这个海域的浪通常是混合浪,常见浪是三级波高的浪;海浪要素的均值分布比较平稳,极值具有不均匀分布的特性,本区的波高和周期的联合分布表明,波高在0.5-1.9m,周期为4.0-6.9s类型的浪在该海域出现频率最高,此外,引用最大熵谱方法找出了本区波高,周期和风速的主要变化周期,还讨论了台风浪的周期与最大波高的经验关系。  相似文献   

11.
长期极值统计理论及其在海洋环境参数统计分析中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海洋环境极值参数(如风速、流速、波高、周期等)在海洋工程设计中具有重要意义。利用次序统计和极值理论方面的较新研究成果,从理论上证明了多种统计分布中Weibull分布是最优的,使长期极值统计建立在一个更坚实的基础上;同时引入基于序列统计的最大似然估计方法。利用大量数据.对最小二乘估计方法和最大似然估计法进行对比分析,指出最大似然估计法是精确估计.而最小二乘估计方法是保守估计。  相似文献   

12.
尤再进 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(4):1015-1025
重现期波高是港口海岸及海洋工程设计中不可回避的一个重要设计参数,尤其对深水海港、海上平台、海底油气管道、沿海核电站等重大涉海工程设计具有巨大的经济价值和深远的社会效益。但是,现有重现期波高推算缺乏统一的计算方法,导致计算结果相差悬殊。研究重现期波高的统一化计算方法,分析重现期波高计算中存在的各种不确定因素,提出减少这些不确定因素的新方法,建立误差小、应用方便、方法统一的重现期波高计算方法。基于澳大利亚悉尼站的长期连续观测波浪数据,研究发现:广义帕累托函数(generalized Pareto distribution III,GPD-III)和威布尔(Weibull)是重现期波高计算的最佳候选极值分布函数,新推导的函数形状参数计算公式较好提高重现期波高的计算精度,极值波高数据的分析方法和样本大小是影响重现期波高计算精确度的两个重要因素,短期波浪资料和年极值法可能高估重现期波高值。逐个风暴的极值波高数据分析法及最佳候选极值分布函数GPD-III和Weibull建议应用于涉海工程设计的重现期波高推算。  相似文献   

13.
Marine environmental design parameter extrapolation has important applications in marine engineering and coastal disaster prevention.The distribution models used for environmental design parameter usually pass the hypothesis tests in statistical analysis,but the calculation results of different distribution models often vary largely.In this paper,based on the information entropy,the overall uncertainty test criteria were studied for commonly used distributions including Gumbel,Weibull,and Pearson-III distribution.An improved method for parameter estimation of the maximum entropy distribution model is proposed on the basis of moment estimation.The study in this paper shows that the number of sample data and the degree of dispersion are proportional to the information entropy,and the overall uncertainty of the maximum entropy distribution model is minimal compared with other models.  相似文献   

14.
利用TOPEX卫星高度计资料分析东中国海的风、浪场特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用TOPEX卫星高度计和日本气象厅浮标观测资料,对东中国海的有效波高和风速进行比较,分析了卫星高度计资料的有效性。利用有效波高和风速的3种概率密度函数分布,结合TOPEX卫星高度计资料,并采用最大似然方法对统计分布参数进行估计,结果表明,有效波高的对数-正态概率密度分布与观测资料的直方图在有效波高的整个范围内符合较好,风速的直方图与Weibul概率密度分布符合较好。同时,分析了有效波高大于4 m的巨浪在东中国海的时空分布特征,表明巨浪多出现在冬、秋两季,平均有效波高最大值出现在夏季,且主要分布在东中国海东南部。  相似文献   

15.
Based on historical wind fields in the Bohai Sea,a sequence of annual extremal wave heightsis produced with numerical wave models for deep-water and shallow water.The design wave heights withdifferent return periods for the nearest deep-water point and for the shallow water point are estimated onthe basis of P-Ⅲ type,Weibull distribution,and Gumbel distribution;and the corresponding values for theshallow water point are also estimated based on the HISWA model with the input of design wave heightsfor the nearest deep-water point.Comparisons between design wave heights for the shallow water point es-timated on the basis of both distribution functions are HISWA model show that the results from differentdistribution functions scatter considerably,and influenced strongly by return periods;however,the resultsfrom the HISWA model are convergent,that is,the influence of the design wave heights estimated with dif-ferent distribution functions for deep water is weakened,and the estimated values decrease for long  相似文献   

16.
Bayesian statistics offer a novel means of estimating return values of wave heights and hence of establishing design criteria for offshore structures. The Bayesian method has significant advantages over the classical method since it enables all types of uncertainty (physical, parameter, distribution) associated with the design wave prediction to be handled in a consistent manner in the same analysis.The basic principles of the Bayesian method for drawing inferences are outlined step-by-step. It is shown how Bayesian estimators of return values for wave heights are established by taking an expectation over all parameters and contending distributions. When the Bayesian procedure is applied to large data sets, such as wave data sets, computational difficulties could be encountered, making a “remedial” procedure necessary. However, the Bayesian procedure has been used successfully with wave data sets from the northern North Sea. Furthermore, the associated remedial procedure is such that the program can be made suitable for many existing computers, e.g. desk computers.  相似文献   

17.
采用非对称Archimedean Copula函数与Kendall分布函数分析极端波况下的波高、周期和风速三变量联合概率分布与风险率及其设计分位数,为海岸海洋工程设计和风险评估提供参考依据。以粤东汕尾海域的实测风浪数据为例,使用非对称Gumbel-Hougaard Copula函数计算三变量风浪联合分布的"或"重现期、"且"重现期和二次重现期及其最可能的风浪设计值。主要结论如下:对比不同设计风浪重现期显示,"或"重现期的风险率偏高,"且"重现期的风险率偏低,二次重现期更准确地反映了特定设计频率情况下三变量风浪的风险率;按目前有关规范设计要求的单变量风浪要素设计值已经达到安全标准,按三变量"或"重现期和三变量同频率设计值推算的风浪设计值偏高,以最大可能概率推算的三变量风浪要素的二次重现期设计值可为相关工程安全与风险管理提供新的选择。  相似文献   

18.
Automated threshold selection methods for extreme wave analysis   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The study of the extreme values of a variable such as wave height is very important in flood risk assessment and coastal design. Often values above a sufficiently large threshold can be modelled using the Generalized Pareto Distribution, the parameters of which are estimated using maximum likelihood. There are several popular empirical techniques for choosing a suitable threshold, but these require the subjective interpretation of plots by the user.In this paper we present a pragmatic automated, simple and computationally inexpensive threshold selection method based on the distribution of the difference of parameter estimates when the threshold is changed, and apply it to a published rainfall and a new wave height data set. We assess the effect of the uncertainty associated with our threshold selection technique on return level estimation by using the bootstrap procedure. We illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology by a simulation study and compare it with the approach used in the JOINSEA software. In addition, we present an extension that allows the threshold selected to depend on the value of a covariate such as the cosine of wave direction.  相似文献   

19.
Wave and wind characteristics based on the cyclones, in the vicinity of the Nagapattinam coastline (east coast of India) were estimated. In all, 11 cyclones have crossed near the study region during 1960–1996. For the four severe cyclones, the isobaric charts were collected at three hourly intervals from the India Meteorological Department. The storm variables such as central pressure, radius of maximum wind, speed of forward motion and direction of storm movement were extracted and the method based on standard Hydromet pressure profile, were used for the hindcast of storm wind fields. For all the cyclones the maximum significant wave height within the storm and its associated spectral peak period was estimated using the Young’s model considering the moving wind field and the results are compared with the hurricane wave prediction techniques provided in the shore protection manual published by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 1984. The study shows that the estimated wind speed and the data reported by ships were comparable. Empirical expressions relating wind speed, wave height and wave period to storm parameters were derived. The design wave height for different return periods was obtained by fitting a two-parameter Weibull distribution to the estimated significant wave heights. The design wave height was 9.39 m for 1 in 100 year return period for a direct hit of cyclone.  相似文献   

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