共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
海啸在冲绳海槽和东海浅水大陆架地形上产生和传播的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用数值模拟的方法对在冲绳海槽产生9.0级地震,并引发海啸的过程和海啸波在东海浅水大陆架地形上的传播过程进行研究.模拟的结果表明,数值模拟产生的波浪符合海啸波的特点,东海浅水大陆架适合海啸波的传播. 相似文献
2.
3.
海啸波近岸共振响应的数值模拟及分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用有限差分方法求解非线性浅水长波方程,建立了海啸波产生和传播的二维数值模型;对太平洋地震引起的夏威夷群岛海啸波进行模拟,并将模拟结果和测站实测值进行比较,验证了模型的正确性。利用快速傅里叶变换对数值模拟结果进行谱分析,得到整个计算区域的能量谱分布,并给出了发生能量聚集的位置及相应的谱峰周期。讨论了海啸波传播到近岸时可能产生的共振响应现象,发现海啸波和近岸的共振响应不仅与近岸复杂地形有关,还与海啸波传播到近岸时的波浪入射方向有关。 相似文献
4.
5.
利用海啸数值模拟结果进行海底地震有限断层模型验证 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于地震有限断层模型进行海啸的数值模拟通常被用来估计海啸的到时、 波高等, 另一方面, 海啸数值模拟的结果也可以作为限定条件用来考察同一地震的不同断层模型之间的相对合理性。 采用国际上各地震研究机构在震后各自得出的不同的有限断层模型作为海啸源, 使用基于二维浅水波方程的海啸传播模型对2011年日本东北地震海啸的传播过程进行模拟, 以海啸模拟所得到的沿岸浪高分布、 平均波高、 最大波高等与实际观测值相比较, 进而判断由各有限断层模型所计算得到的海啸中哪个结果与实际的海啸情况更为符合, 由此推断断层模型的相对合理性。 相似文献
6.
准确预估南海海啸风险是有效防灾减灾的前提.前人一般把弹性半无限空间背景下解算出来的海底位错直接等同于初始海啸分布,继而开展海啸传播过程研究.由于断层破裂并非瞬时完成,破裂过程会导致初始海啸波高小于海底位错量,即初始海啸衰减.本文基于高精度地形和高密度网格,求解非线性浅水方程,分别针对马尼拉断裂带的南段、中段和北段,构建南海海啸传播数值模型,试图定量考察初始海啸衰减作用对南海海啸的影响.模拟结果表明一定幅度的初始波高衰减将导致几乎相同幅度的海啸波高衰减,相应的偏差可以忽略.在保守的初始海啸衰减幅度(10%)下,模拟结果显示我国东南沿海、越南东部沿海和巴拉望岛为海啸危险区.另外,模型显示科里奥利力导致的波高变化幅度小于5 cm且其分布样式符合预期,这进一步佐证了数值模型的可靠性,也表明在实际南海海啸模拟中可以忽略科里奥利力进而提高计算效率.结合前人的沉积学认识和本文的数值模拟结果,本文认为南澳岛、西沙东岛和越南绥和周边曾同时遭受海啸侵袭,产生海啸的断裂带最有可能是马尼拉断裂带南段.后续有必要加强南澳岛、西沙东岛和越南东部的沉积学研究,识别更早的海啸事件,以期有力约束南海下次海啸事件的发生年... 相似文献
7.
海啸的数值模拟是海啸研究的一个重要领域, 它对于帮助理解海啸的基本物理特性和预防减灾具有重要意义。 海啸数值模拟程序的编制是一项繁杂的工作, 该文介绍了利用两种功能强大的通用软件(PETSc和FEPG)来进行海啸数值模拟程序编写的研究。 PETSc和FEPG采用有限差分、 有限元、 有限体积等多种离散方法, 可以对数值问题给出稳定的求解。 该文采用了直角坐标系下的非线性浅水波方程作为海啸波传播的控制方程进行离散求解, 并将其结果与TUNAMI N1模型进行了比较, 表明这两种方法方便而且有效。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
J. J. Wijetunge 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(4):593-622
This paper employs a numerical model of tsunami propagation together with documented observations and field measurements of
the evidence left behind by the tsunami in December 2004, to identify and interpret the factors that have contributed to the
significant spatial variability of the level of tsunami impact along the coastal belt of the eastern province of Sri Lanka.
The model results considered in the present analysis include the distribution of the amplitude of the tsunami and the pattern
of wave propagation over the continental shelf off the east coast, while the field data examined comprise the maximum water
levels measured at or near the shoreline, the horizontal inundation distances and the number of housing and other buildings
damaged. The computed maximum amplitude of the tsunami at water points nearest the shoreline along the east coast shows considerable
variation ranging from 2.2 m to 11.4 m with a mean value of 5.7 m; moreover, the computed amplitudes agree well with the available
field measurements. We also show that the shelf bathymetry off the east coast, particularly the submarine canyons at several
locations, significantly influences the near-shore transformation of tsunami waves, and consequently, the spatial variation
of the maximum water levels along the coastline. The measured values of inundation also show significant variation along the
east coast and range from 70 m to 4560 m with a median value of 700 m. Our analyses of field data also show the dominant influence
of the coastal topography and geomorphology on the extent of tsunami inundation. Furthermore, the measured inundation distances
indicate no apparent correlation with the computed tsunami heights at the respective locations. We also show that both the
computed tsunami heights and the measured inundation distances for the east coast closely follow the log-normal statistical
distribution. 相似文献
12.
Kuniaki Abe 《Continental Shelf Research》1986,5(6)
On 26 May 1983 the rivers of the Japanese Islands were invaded by a tsunami from the Sea of Japan. Water levels in five large rivers were measured and were highest midway towards the uppermost point of inundation. The level at the uppermost point was approximately the same as that at the river mouths. As a result of resonance, a standing wave develops in the rivers. The period of the invading tsunami was found to be 80 min. This continental shelf oscillation resulted in a long-wave propagation of the tsunami.The water levels showed another peak in the neighbourhood of estuarine inflows. The period of this wave was estimated to be 20 min; its formation was attributed to generation near the tsunami source.The cross-section and longitudinal profiles of the rivers, together with water flow, complicated the observed water level profiles. 相似文献
13.
Masafumi Matsuyama Masaaki Ikeno Tsutomu Sakakiyama Tomoyoshi Takeda 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):617-631
To study tsunami soliton fission and split wave-breaking, an undistorted experiment was carried out which investigated tsunami
shoaling on a continental shelf. Three models of the continental shelf were set up in a 205-m long 2-dimensional flume. Each
shelf model was 100 m, long with slopes of either 1/100, 1/150, or 1/200. Water surface elevations were measured across the
flume, including a dense cluster of wave gages installed around the point of wave-breaking. We propose new methods for calculating
wave velocity and the wave-breaking criterion based on our interpretation of time series data of water surface elevation.
At the point of wave-breaking, the maximum slope of water surface is between 20 to 50 deg., while the ratio of surface water
particle horizontal velocity to wave velocity is from 0.5 to 1.2. The values determined by our study are larger than what
has been reported by other researchers. 相似文献
14.
本文假设马尼拉海沟北段为潜在海啸源,基于中国地震台网对马尼拉海沟地区震级测定偏差,采用COMCOT(comell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model)海啸数值模型,模拟南海海啸波传播.选取南海北缘3个特定地点,其中两个位于华南近海区域,另一个位于台湾岛南端近海区域,此外还在临近马尼拉海沟北段的深海地区选取了1个特定地点.分析这些特定地点最大海啸波以及最大海啸波到时对于震级测定偏差的敏感性.结果表明:马尼拉海沟北段地震如触发海啸,华南近海区域以及台湾岛南部近海区域最大海啸波振幅对震级偏差敏感,但最大海啸波振幅到时对于震级测定偏差不敏感;振幅最大的海啸波,二十几分钟即可波及台湾岛南端近岸区域,大约1小时后波及大陆华南近海北部区域. 相似文献
15.
基于强震台网的我国沿海海啸走时预警 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
经济快速发展的中国沿海地区,面临着潜在海啸袭击危险。海啸传播走时分析是海啸预警系统的重要组成部分。本文基于强震台网提供的地震要素,从理论上讨论海啸预警时间计算方法。在球坐标系下,建立了远洋海啸传播模型,采用差分技术,实现远洋海啸传播数值模拟,首次针对我国主要城市进行了海啸走时计算,分析了我国沿海走时特点,指出了未来发生在太平洋的远洋海啸对我国的长江三角洲会有较大影响。本文计算海啸走时方法可以为我国建设的新一代基于数值海啸预警系统提供技术支持。 相似文献
16.
On 11 March 2011 a subsea earthquake off the north-eastern coast of Honshu Island, Japan generated a huge tsunami which was felt throughout the Pacific. At the opposite end of the Pacific Ocean, on the south-east coast of Australia, multiple reflections, scatterings and alternate pathways lead to a prolonged and complicated response. This response was largely unaltered in crossing the continental shelf but was then transformed by bay resonances and admittances. These effects are described using data from tide recorders sparsely spread over 1,000 km of the coast. Some new adaptations and applications of time-series analysis are applied to separate tsunami waves that have followed different pathways but contain the same spectral components. The possible types of harbour response are classified and illustrated. Despite its small height in this region, the tsunami put several swimmers at serious risk and generated strong harbour oscillations, which should be considered when generating future warnings. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents tsunami intensity mapping and damage patterns along the surveyed coast of Tamilnadu (India) of the deadly
Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004. The tsunami caused severe damage and claimed many victims in the coastal areas
of eleven countries bordering the Indian Ocean. A twelve-stage tsunami intensity scale proposed by Papadopoulos and Imamura
(2001) was followed to assign the intensity at the visited localities. Along the coast of the Indian mainland, tsunami damage
sustained exclusively. Most severe damage was observed in Nagapattinam Beach, Nabiyarnagar, Vellaipalyam, and the Nagapattinam
Port of Nagapattinum District on the east coast and Keelamanakudy village of Kanyakumari District on the western coast of
Tamilnadu. The maximum assigned tsunami intensity was X+ at these localities. Minimum intensity V+ was received along the coast of Thanjavur, Puddukkotai and Ramnathpuram Districts in Palk Strait. The general observation
reported by many people was that the first arrival was a tsunami crest. The largest tsunami waves were first arrivals on the
eastern coast and the second arrivals on the western coast. Along the coast, people were unaware of the tsunami, and no anomalous
behavior of ocean animals was reported. Good correlation was observed between the severity of damage and the presence of shadow
zone of Sri Lanka, reflected waves from Sri Lanka and the Maldives Islands, variation in the width of the continental shelf,
elevation of the coast and the presence of breakwaters. The presence of medu (naturally elevated landmass very close to the
sea shore and elongated parallel to the coast) reduced the impact of the tsunami on the built environment. 相似文献
18.
First, we investigated some aspects of tsunami–tide interactions based on idealized numerical experiments. Theoretically, by changing total ocean depth, tidal elevations influence the speed and magnitude of tsunami waves in shallow regions with dominating tidal signals. We tested this assumption by employing a simple 1-D model that describes propagation of tidal waves in a channel with gradually increasing depth and the interaction of the tidal waves with tsunamis generated at the channel's open boundary. Important conclusions from these studies are that computed elevations by simulating the tsunami and the tide together differ significantly from linear superposing of the sea surface heights obtained when simulating the tide and the tsunami separately, and that maximum tsunami–tide interaction depends on tidal amplitude and phase. The major cause of this tsunami–tide interaction is tidally induced ocean depth that changes the conditions of tsunami propagation, amplification, and dissipation. Interactions occur by means of momentum advection, bottom friction, and variable water flux due to changing total depth and velocity. We found the major cause of tsunami–tide interactions to be changing depth. Secondly, we investigate tsunami–tide interactions in Cook Inlet, Alaska, employing a high-resolution 2-D numerical model. Cook Inlet has high tides and a history of strong tsunamis and is a potential candidate for tsunami impacts in the future. In agreement with previous findings, we find that the impacts of tsunamis depend on basin bathymetries and coastline configurations, and they can, in particular, depend on tsunami–tide interactions. In regions with strong tides and tsunamis, these interactions can result in either intensification or damping of cumulative tsunami and tide impacts, depending on mean basin depth, which is regulated by tides. Thus, it is not possible to predict the effect of tsunami–tide interaction in regions with strong tides without making preliminary investigations of the area. One approach to reduce uncertainties in tsunami impact in regions with high tides is to simulate tsunamis together with tidal forcing. 相似文献
19.
Derek Burrage Joel Wesson Carlos Martinez Tabare Pérez Osmar Möller Jr. Alberto Piola 《Continental Shelf Research》2008
Major river systems discharging into continental shelf waters frequently form buoyant coastal currents that propagate along the continental shelf in the direction of coastal trapped wave propagation (with the coast on the right/left, in the northern/southern hemisphere). The combined flow of the Uruguay and Paraná Rivers, which discharges freshwater into the Río de la Plata estuary (Lat. ∼36°S), often gives rise to a buoyant coastal current (the ‘Plata plume’) that extends northward along the continental shelf off Uruguay and Southern Brazil. Depending upon the prevailing rainfall, wind and tidal conditions, the Patos/Mirim Lagoon complex (Lat. ∼32°S) may also produce a freshwater outflow plume that expands across the inner continental shelf. Under these circumstances the Patos outflow plume can be embedded in temperature, salinity and current fields that are strongly influenced by the larger Plata plume. The purpose of this paper is to present observations of such an embedded plume structure and to determine the dynamical characteristics of the ambient and embedded plumes. 相似文献
20.
A nonlinear shallow water model in cylindrical polar coordinate system is developed, using an explicit finite difference scheme with a very fine resolution, to compute different aspects of tsunami at North Sumatra and the adjacent island Simeulue in Indonesia, and the Penang Island in Peninsular Malaysia. The pole of the frame is placed on the mainland of Penang (100.5°E) and the model area extends up to the west of Sumatra (87.5°E). The model is applied to simulate the propagation of tsunami wave towards North Sumatra, Simeulue and Penang Islands associated with Indonesian tsunami of 26 December 2004. The model is also applied to compute water levels along the coastal belts of those islands. Computed and observed water level data are found to be in good agreement and North Sumatra is found to be vulnerable for very high surges. The computed and observed arrival times of high surges are also in reasonable agreement everywhere. Further studies are carried out to investigate the effect of convective terms and it is found that their effects are insignificant in tsunami propagation and weakly significant for wave amplitude very near to the coast. 相似文献