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1.
This paper summarizes the recent progress in studies of the diurnal variation of precipitation over con- tiguous China. The main results are as follows. （1） The rainfall diurnal variation over contiguous China presents distinct regional features. In summer, precipitation peaks in the late afternoon over the south- ern inland China and northeastern China, while it peaks around midnight over southwestern China. In the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River valley, precipitation occurs mostly in the early morning. Summer precipitation over the central eastern China （most regions of the Tibetan Plateau） has two diurnal peaks, i.e., one in the early morning （midnight） and the other in the late afternoon. （2） The rainfall diurnal variation experiences obvious seasonal and sub-seasonal evolutions. In cold seasons, the regional contrast of rainfall diurnal peaks decreases, with an early morning maximum over most of the southern China. Over the central eastern China, diurnal monsoon rainfall shows sub-seasonal variations with the movement of summer monsoon systems. The rainfall peak mainly occurs in the early morning （late afternoon） during the active （break） monsoon period. （3） Cloud properties and occurrence time of rainfall diurnal peaks are different for long- and short-duration rainfall events. Long-duration rainfall events are dominated by strat- iform precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring in the late night to early morning, while short-duration rainfall events are more related to convective precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring between the late afternoon and early night. （4） The rainfall diurnal variation is influenced by multi-scale mountain-valley and land-sea breezes as well as large-scale atmospheric circulation, and involves complicated formation and evolution of cloud and rainfall systems. The diurnal cycle of winds in the lower troposphere also contributes to the regional differences 相似文献
2.
中国大陆降水日变化研究进展 总被引：32，自引：4，他引：28
文章概述了中国大陆降水日变化的最新研究成果,给出了中国大陆降水日变化的整体图像,指出目前数值模式模拟降水日变化的局限性,为及时了解和掌握降水日变化研究进展、开展相关科学研究和进行降水预报服务提供了有价值的科学依据和参考。现有研究表明：（1）中国大陆夏季降水日变化的区域特征明显。在夏季,东南和东北地区的降水日峰值主要集中在下午;西南地区多在午夜达到降水峰值;长江中上游地区的降水多出现在清晨;中东部地区清晨、午后双峰并存;青藏高原大部分地区是下午和午夜峰值并存。（2）降水日变化存在季节差异和季节内演变。冷季降水日峰值时刻的区域差异较暖季明显减小,在冷季南方大部分地区都表现为清晨峰值;中东部地区暖季降水日变化随季风雨带的南北进退表现出清晰的季节内演变,季风活跃（间断）期的日降水峰值多发生在清晨（下午）。（3）持续性降水和局地短时降水的云结构特性以及降水日峰值出现时间存在显著差异。持续性降水以层状云特性为主,地表降水和降水廓线的峰值大多位于午夜后至清晨;短时降水以对流降水为主,峰值时间则多出现在下午至午夜前。（4）降水日变化涉及不同尺度的山-谷风、海-陆风和大气环流的综合影响,涉及复杂的云雨形成和演变过程,对流层低层环流日变化对降水日变化的区域差异亦有重要影响。（5）目前数值模式对中国降水日变化的模拟能力有限,且模拟结果具有很强的模式依赖性,仅仅提高模式水平分辨率并不能总是达到改善模拟结果的目的,关键是要减少存在于降水相关的物理过程参数化方案中的不确定性问题。 相似文献
3.
Summary The west coast of the Indian peninsula receives very heavy rainfall during the summer Monsoon (June–September) season with
average rainfall over some parts exceeding 250 cm. Heavy rainfall events with rainfall more than 15 cm day−1 at one or more stations along the west coast of India occur frequently and cause considerable damage. A special observational
programme, Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment, was carried out during the monsoon season of 2002 to study these events. The spatial
and temporal distributions of intense rainfall events, presented here, were used for the planning of this observational campaign.
The present study using daily rainfall data for summer monsoon season of 37 years (1951–1987) shows that the probability of
getting intense rainfall is the maximum between 14° N–16° N and near 19° N. The probability of occurrence of these intense
rainfall events is high from mid June to mid August, with a dip in early July. It has been believed for a long time that offshore
troughs and vortices are responsible for these intense rainfall events. However, analysis of the characteristics of cloud
systems associated with the intense rainfall events during 1985–1988 using very high resolution brightness temperature data
from INSAT-IB satellite shows that the cloud systems during these events are characterized by large spatial scales and high cloud tops.
Further study using daily satellite derived outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data over a longer period (1975–1998) shows
that, most of these events (about 62%) are associated with systems organized on synoptic and larger scales. We find that most
of the offshore convective systems responsible for intense rainfall along the west coast of India are linked to the atmospheric
conditions over equatorial Indian Ocean. 相似文献
4.
Summary The diurnal variations of water vapor in central Japan were investigated with GPS-derived precipitable water (PWV) and surface
meteorological data as classified to three kinds of locations. Twenty-five clear days in central Japan in August 2000 were
investigated to clarify the role of water vapor in the nocturnal maximum in the diurnal cycle of convective rainfall. The
diurnal variations of PWV and some meteorological factors were composite during the selected days at 6 stations. The PWV shows
a clear diurnal cycle with the amplitude of 3.4 mm to 8.8 mm and changes little during the period from the morning to noon.
The daily amplitude of PWV is the largest in basin and smallest in plain although mean of PWV keeps high value in plain. A
typical feature of the diurnal variation in central Japan is a maximum appearing in the evening. The time of maximum is from
1800 LST to 2000 LST, and minima appears at noon nearly in mountainous area and basin, while in early morning in plain. The
diurnal maximum of PWV appears earlier in mountainous region than in plain.
A diurnal cycle of specific humidity can be observed in all locations, and the amplitude in mountainous region is especially
large compared with that in basin and plain. It is important to notice that there are remarkable differences in specific humidity
among the six stations. The results suggest that the diurnal variation of PWV seems to be strongly affected by the local thermal
circulations generated by the topography around these stations. The moisture transport causes the differences in phase of
the diurnal cycle of PWV between different locations as well as the phase difference in precipitation. A very clear diurnal
variation in surface air temperature is similar to that of solar radiation, with a minimum in the morning and a maximum in
early afternoon. Maximum of surface wind speed are corresponded to peak of precipitation very well. It can be concluded that
the amplitude of solar radiation increases with altitude as opposed to the situation of PWV generally.
The precipitation observed frequently in the evening also shows a similar diurnal variation to that of the PWV, indicating
the peak of precipitation appearing in late afternoon or in the evening over central Japan. Meanwhile the PWV reaches its
nocturnal maximum. There is a good relationship between the diurnal cycle of observed precipitation and that of the PWV.
Authors’ addressess: Guoping Li, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, #3 Section
3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Dingfa Huang, Department of Surveying Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong
University, Chengdu, China; Fujio Kimura, Tomonori Sato, Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. 相似文献
5.
Kyu-Myong Kim William K.-M. Lau Yogesh C. Sud Gregory K. Walker 《Climate Dynamics》2010,35(1):115-126
Effects of aerosol radiative forcing on the diurnal and seasonal cycles of precipitation over West Africa and eastern Atlantic
Ocean are investigated for the boreal summer season: June–July–August. An eight year (2000–2007) average of GCM simulated
rainfall data is compared with the corresponding TRMM rainfall data. The comparison shows that the amplitude of the diurnal
cycles of rainfall over land and ocean are reasonably well simulated. Over land, the phase of the simulated diurnal cycle
of precipitation peaks several hours earlier than that of the TRMM data. Corresponding differences over the ocean(s) are relatively
smaller. Some of the key features of the aerosol induced model simulated field anomalies are: (a) aerosol direct radiative
forcing which increases the atmospheric stability and reduces the daytime moist convection and convective precipitation; (b)
the aerosol induced changes in the diurnal cycle of precipitation are out of phase with those of the TRMM data over land,
but are in-phase over the ocean; (c) aerosols reduce the amplitude of the diurnal cycle of precipitation over land and enhance
it over ocean. However, the phase of the diurnal cycle is not affected much by the aerosol radiative forcing both over land
and ocean. During the boreal summer, aerosol radiative forcing and induced circulation and precipitation cool the Sahel and
the southern part of Sahara desert more than the adjacent areas to the north and south, thereby shifting the peak meridional
temperature gradient northward. Consequently, an anomalous easterly jet is found north of its climatological location. This
anomalous jet is associated with increased cyclonic circulation to the south of its axis, resulting in an anomalous monsoon
rain belt in the Sahel. 相似文献
6.
利用非静力中尺度模式WRF模拟了台风Chanchu（0601）,模式再现了台风Chanchu的路径、强度及结构。利用模式资料分析了台风Chanchu发展增强过程中其流出层和流入层风速的日变化特征、造成该日变化特征的机制及其对台风强度的影响。分析表明:台风Chanchu流出层和流入层的风速均存在显著的日变化特征,表现在低层径向入流和高层径向出流在夜间至清晨明显增强,在白天增加缓慢;切向风变化趋势同径向风类似,位相较径向风落后约6 h。通过对比夜间和白天云顶温度（CTT）和垂直速度频率（CFADS）的分布,发现夜间对流较白天更加活跃,这与夜间云顶冷却所导致的静力稳定度降低有关。利用切向风倾向方程进行收支分析,结果显示太阳辐射日变化通过调节对流日变化,引起高低层径向气流的日变化,进而造成切向风速的日变化,从而影响台风强度,在一定程度上揭示了日变化对台风强度变化的指示意义。 相似文献
7.
The diurnal variation of tropical rainfall is examined through the analysis of an equilibrium cloud-resolving model experiment. Model domain mean rain rate is defined as a product of rain intensity and fractional rainfall coverage. The diurnal variation of the mean rain rate is associated with that of fractional rainfall coverage because the diurnal variation of rain intensity is significantly weakened through the decrease in rainfall in early morning hours. The decrease in rainfall corresponds to the reduction in secondary circulations through the barotropic conversion from the perturbation kinetic energy to the mean kinetic energy under the imposed negative vertical gradient of westerly winds. The fractional rainfall coverage shows the diurnal signal with the maximum in the early morning hours primarily due to nocturnal infrared radiative cooling. 相似文献
8.
The frequency, intensity, and diurnal cycle of precipitation in surface and satellite observations over low- and mid-latitudes 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Global precipitation data sets with high spatial and temporal resolution are needed for many applications, but they were unavailable
before the recent creation of several such satellite products. Here, we evaluate four different satellite data sets of hourly
or 3-hourly precipitation (namely CMORPH, PERSIANN, TRMM 3B42 and a microwave-only product referred to as MI) by comparing
the spatial patterns in seasonal mean precipitation amount, daily precipitation frequency and intensity, and the diurnal and
semidiurnal cycles among them and with surface synoptic weather reports. We found that these high-resolution products show
spatial patterns in seasonal mean precipitation amount comparable to other monthly products for the low- and mid-latitudes,
and the mean daily precipitation frequency and intensity maps are similar among these pure satellite-based precipitation data
sets and consistent with the frequency derived using weather reports over land. The satellite data show that spatial variations
in mean precipitation amount come largely from precipitation frequency rather than intensity, and that the use of satellite
infrared (IR) observations to improve sampling does not change the mean frequency, intensity and the diurnal cycle significantly.
Consistent with previous studies, the satellite data show that sub-daily variations in precipitation are dominated by the
24-h cycle, which has an afternoon–evening maximum and mean-to-peak amplitude of 30–100% of the daily mean in precipitation
amount over most land areas during summer. Over most oceans, the 24-h harmonic has a peak from midnight to early morning with
an amplitude of 10–30% during both winter and summer. These diurnal results are broadly consistent with those based on the
weather reports, although the time of maximum in the satellite precipitation is a few hours later (especially for TRMM and
PERSIANN) than that in the surface observations over most land and ocean, and it is closer to the phase of showery precipitation
from the weather reports. The TRMM and PERSIANN precipitation shows a spatially coherent time of maximum around 0300–0600
local solar time (LST) for a weak (amplitude <20%) semi-diurnal (12-h) cycle over most mid- to high-latitudes, comparable
to 0400–0600 LST in the surface data. The satellite data also confirm the notion that the diurnal cycle of precipitation amount
comes mostly from its frequency rather than its intensity over most low and mid-latitudes, with the intensity has only about
half of the strength of the diurnal cycle in the frequency and amount. The results suggest that these relatively new precipitation
products can be useful for many applications. 相似文献
9.
从气象卫星资料揭示的青藏高原夏季对流云系的日变化 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
文中利用日本静止气象卫星观测的1981～1994年1天8次的TBB观测值和1978～1994年NOAA卫星观测的1天2次OLR观测值研究了青藏高原地区夏季对流云系季节变化以及对流云的日变化及其东西向移动规律,并对1994年的资料进行了个例分析。结果表明,青藏高原夏季对流云有极为明显的日变化,以00～05SUTC为最弱,15～17UTC最强。在季风雨爆发后的7月中旬到8月上旬在高原中部（30～32°N,90°E）、东部（30°N,97°E）和西部（30°N,85～87°E）有3个TBB低值中心,多年月平均对流中心区云顶高度可达9．6km,而旬对流中心个别地区平均可达13km。对流云区开始发展于东部地区,随后对流云中心逐步向西移动,并于7月中下旬达到最西,此时西部地区从多年平均而言可以有短暂的强对流发展。 相似文献
10.
近30 a江苏夏季降水日变化的气候学特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于1980—2013年江苏省61站小时降水资料,分析了江苏省夏季降水日变化的特点及小时极端降水、不同级别雨日的日变化特征。结果表明,江苏省夏季降水日变化具有显著的双峰分布特征,然而江苏省北部和南部降水的主峰时段并不一致。从降水频次、累积降水量来看,江苏省北部降水以清晨至早上时段为主峰、午后至傍晚时段为次峰,南部降水与之相反。长持续性降水占夏季降水的2/3左右,且江苏北部占比多于南部,均为清晨至早上的单峰分布;短持续性降水占夏季降水的1/3,在江苏北部呈现出以午后至傍晚为主峰,清晨至早上为次峰的双峰分布,而在江苏南部呈现出以午后至傍晚的单峰分布特点。小时极端降水,阈值分布南低北高,虽然频次较少,但占夏季降水的40%左右。小时极端降水日变化的双峰分布和夏季总体降水分布类似,但主峰大都出现在午后至傍晚。不同级别雨日的日变化分布各有不同,但全省各区无显著差异。累积降水量贡献主要来自于暴雨和大雨。暴雨无论是从降水频次、累积降水量还是降水强度都呈现清晨至早上的单峰分布。 相似文献
11.
青藏高原上空云宏观参数的日变化受大尺度环流、当地太阳辐射和地表过程的联合作用,对辐射收支、辐射传输及感热、潜热的分布等有重要影响。由于缺乏持续定量的观测,对各类天气系统云宏观参数日变化特征的了解还十分不足。多波段多大气成分主被动综合探测系统APSOS（Atmospheric Profiling Synthetic Observation System）的Ka波段云雷达是首部在青藏高原实现长期观测云的雷达。本文基于2019年全年APSOS的Ka波段云雷达资料,采用统计和快速傅里叶变换方法研究了西风槽、切变线和低涡三类重要天气系统影响下的有云频率、单层非降水云或者降水云非降水时段的云顶高度、云底高度和云厚日变化的时域和频域特征,得到了统计回归方程。主要结论有:（1）西风槽系统日均有云频率为56.9%,切变线系统为50.8%,低涡系统达73%。（2）尽管西风槽和切变线系统的成因不同,但两类系统云宏观参数的日变化趋势和主要谐波周期相似:日变化趋势基本为单峰单谷型,日出前最低,日落前最高。有云频率表现为日变化和半日变化,单层云云顶高度、云底高度和云厚主要表现为日变化。（3）低涡系统云宏观参数的日变化特征与前两类系统明显不同:日变化趋势表现为多峰多谷型,虽然有云频率和单层云云顶高度、云底高度主要谐波中均以日变化振幅最大,但频谱分布分散,云厚主要变化中振幅最大的是周期为4.8 h的波动。（4）得到了各系统有云频率、单层云云顶高度、云底高度和云厚日变化的统计回归方程。 相似文献
12.
Yoo-Geun Ham Jong-Seong Kug In-Sik Kang Fei-Fei Jin Axel Timmermann 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(6):905-917
The impacts of diurnal atmosphere–ocean (air–sea) coupling on tropical climate simulations are investigated using the SNU
coupled GCM. To investigate the effect of the atmospheric and oceanic diurnal cycles on a climate simulation, a 1-day air–sea
coupling interval experiment is compared to a 2-h coupling experiment. As previous studies have suggested, cold temperature
biases over equatorial western Pacific regions are significantly reduced when diurnal air–sea coupling strategy is implemented.
This warming is initiated by diurnal rectification and amplified further by the air–sea coupled feedbacks. In addition to
its effect on the mean climatology, the diurnal coupling has also a distinctive impact on the amplitude of the El Nino-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO). It is demonstrated that a weakening of the ENSO magnitude is caused by reduced (increased) surface net
heat fluxes into the ocean during El Nino (La Nina) events. Primarily, decreased (increased) incoming shortwave radiation
during El Nino (La Nina) due to cloud shading is responsible for the net heat fluxes associated with ENSO. 相似文献
13.
郑州地区紫外线辐射强度变化规律分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
由于地球自转和公转的原因,太阳紫外线辐射强度呈现出以一年和一天为周期的规律性变化.一年之内,以夏季最强,冬季最弱;一天之内,中午前后最强,早晚最弱.影响紫外线辐射强度的因子比较多,最主要的是云量、云状和能见度.经分析,紫外线辐射强度随着云量的增加而减小,随着能见度的增大而增强;高云对紫外线辐射强度影响较小,低云影响较大,中云居中.通过研究,确定了它们之间的定量关系. 相似文献
14.
基于FY-2E气象卫星相当黑体亮度温度（TBB）和云分类数据（CLC）及全球闪电探测网（WWLLN）闪电数据,通过对TBB不超过-32℃的云区进行椭圆拟合,定义1 h内上述云区或椭圆区域有WWLLN闪电发生的个例为雷暴云,获得雷暴云时间、位置、形态、结构、闪电活动等特征参量,构建雷暴云特征数据集,并基于该数据集初步分析了我国陆地和毗邻海域的雷暴活动特征。研究表明:我国华南、西南、青藏高原东、中部和南海雷暴最为活跃,华北和东北地区是北方雷暴活动较强的区域。雷暴活动时间变化海陆差异明显,陆地雷暴活动峰值出现在6—8月,南海雷暴活动一个峰值出现在5月左右,另一峰值出现在8月后,且纬度越低出现越晚。陆地大部分地区雷暴活动在14:00—20:00（北京时）达到峰值,毗邻海域雷暴活动峰值主要出现在早上。雷暴云TBB不超过-32℃面积符合对数正态分布,峰值区间位于1×103~1×104 km2,平均值为3.0×104 km2。南海雷暴云面积最大,陆地上大于雷暴云面积平均值1.2×105 km2的区域主要分布于我国地形的第一阶梯和柴达木盆地。 相似文献
15.
M. R. Ramesh Kumar S. M. Pednekar M. Katsumata M. K. Antony Y. Kuroda A. S. Unnikrishnan 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2006,85(1-2):117-122
Summary The diurnal cycle of rainfall over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean was studied for the period 23rd October 2001 to 31st October 2003 using hourly data from the Triton buoy positioned at 1.5° S and 90° E. An analysis of the active and weak spells
of rainfall for different seasons revealed peaks in the late evening hours in Winter, Summer and Fall and in early morning
hours (in Spring) in 2002. The active spell of rainfall peaked in the afternoon hours, during Winter, Spring and Summer in
2003, which agrees with the previous results of Janowiak et al. (1994). An analysis of rainfall events showed that Fall 2002
had a maximum number of rainfall events (90) and minimum (60) were observed in Spring 2003. Further it was found that the
majority of rain events (>60%) were less than 3 hours in duration throughout the study period. The longer duration rainfall
events (i.e. rain events greater than 6 hour duration) contributed significantly to Spring 2002 (20% of the total rainfall)
and Winter 2003 (21% of the total rainfall). Harmonic analysis of the hourly rainfall data for different seasons revealed
that diurnal harmonic explains more than 80% of the variance for all seasons. Furthermore, the diurnal harmonic has a maximum
amplitude for all seasons except summer, where the semidiurnal and six hourly harmonics are significant. 相似文献
16.
A. B. Bhattacharya B. K. Datta R. Bhattacharya 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1994,50(1-2):83-92
Summary The electrical effects due to monsoon clouds in conjunction with the VLF atmospherics data have been extensively analyzed. The cloud distribution and rainfall pattern during the SW monsoon period are examined. The diurnal curves of rainfall show that the maximum rain generally occurs in the afternoon hours between 13 to 18 IST. The coefficient of variation (CV) of monsoon rainfall plotted against rainfall amount reveals that CV decreases with increasing rainfall amounts upto about 40 inches. The differences in the mean dry bulb temperature as well as mean relative humidity values at the standard levels between strong and weak monsoon are studied. The monthly median of the hourly average together with the respective upper and lower decile values of atmospherics have been considered. Also, the frequency dependence of afternoon maximum (or late afternoon minimum) to morning minimum in the sferics level is taken into account to determine the seasonal variation. During monsoon months the sferics level with higher cloud amount (4 okta) increases considerably but the width of the sferics is reduced. The results are interpreted by considering the activity of the sources involved at such times.With 10 Figures 相似文献
17.
Eui-Seok Chung Byung-Ju Sohn Johannes Schmetz 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,105(3-4):109-119
Diurnal variations of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are examined in conjunction with diurnal variations of high cloud and upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) over the Indian Ocean and surrounding land areas using Meteosat-5 measurements. Most land areas exhibit a significant diurnal variation of OLR with the largest amplitude over the Arabian Peninsula, whereas the diurnal variation of OLR is much weaker over the Indian Ocean. While diurnal maxima of OLR are found in the early afternoon over many regions of the analysis domain following the diurnal cycle of solar heating, convectively active regions of both land and ocean where high cloud and UTH exhibit distinct diurnal variations show OLR maxima before local noon. These results indicate that high cloud development in the afternoon induces a shift in local time of OLR maxima over convective regions. In agreement with earlier studies it is shown that UTH diurnal variations are less important in regard to their impact on the OLR variations. 相似文献
18.
云的垂直结构特征作为云重要的宏观特征之一,直接决定了云的类型,进而通过发射和吸收辐射的方式影响着地气系统的能量收支平衡,因此对云垂直结构特征的研究一直都是云物理研究的一个重要方向。作为观测云垂直结构特征的一种方式,探空气球通过获取沿路径方向高分辨率的廓线信息,采用一定反演方法从而能够较为准确的识别云的垂直结构。本文即利用我国业务布网探空站的观测资料,采用相对湿度阈值法识别云垂直结构,并同激光云高仪、“风云四号”静止卫星和毫米波云雷达对识别的云结构特征量进行了一致性检验。在此基础上,统计分析了2015～2017年单层、两层和三层云的垂直结构分布特征、日变化和季节变化特征以及全国区域分布特征,结果表明:（1）整体分布上,单层云在垂直方向上出现的高度范围介于多层云的高度范围内,并且随着云层数的增加,云在垂直方向上更为伸展,即高层云越高,低层云越低;（2）在日变化中,中午单层和多层云中最低层云的云底高度均高于早晨,而夜间单层和多层云中最高层云的云顶高度则高于早晨和中午,同时中间层云厚的变化要小于最上层和最下层云厚的变化;（3）在季节变化中,夏季云量较其他季节更多,云体发展也更为深厚,表明温暖的大气条件更有利于云的形成和发展;（4）我国云垂直结构分布特征具有明显的纬向变化趋势,从以青藏高原为中心的西南地区的云底较高云体较薄的云,逐步过渡到以东南沿海地区为中心的云底较低云体较为深厚的云,表明不同地形和气候带的差异与不同云类型的分布直接相关。 相似文献
19.
The formation mechanism of diurnal rainfall in Taiwan is commonly recognized as a result of local forcings involving solar thermal heating and island-scale land–sea breeze (LSB) interacting with orography. This study found that the diurnal variation of the large-scale circulation over the East Asia-Western North Pacific (EAWNP) modulates considerably the diurnal rainfall in Taiwan. It is shown that the interaction between the two LSB systems—the island-scale LSB and the large-scale LSB over EAWNP—facilitates the formation of the early morning rainfall in western Taiwan, afternoon rainfall in central Taiwan, and nighttime rainfall in eastern Taiwan. Moreover, the post-1998 strengthening of a shallow, low-level southerly wind belt along the coast of Southeast China appears to intensify the diurnal rainfall activity in Taiwan. These findings reveal the role of the large-scale LSB and its long-term variation in the modulation of local diurnal rainfall. 相似文献
20.
Atmospheric Intercomparison Project simulations of the summertime diurnal cycle of precipitation and low-level winds over subtropical China by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report models were evaluated. By analyzing the diurnal variation of convective and stratiform components, results confirmed that major biases in rainfall diurnal cycles over subtropical China are due to convection parameterization and further pointed to the diurnal variation of convective rainfall being closely related to the closure of the convective scheme. All models captured the early-morning peak of total rainfall over the East China Sea, but most models had problems in simulating diurnal rainfall variations over land areas of subtropical China. When total rainfall was divided into stratiform and convective rainfall, all models successfully simulated the diurnal variation of stratiform rainfall with a maximum in the early morning. The models, overestimating noon-time （nocturnal） total rainfall over land, generally simulated too much convective rainfall, which peaked close to noon （midnight）, sharing some similarities in the closures of their deep convection schemes. The better performance of the Meteorological Research Institute atmospherer. ocean coupled global climate model version 3 （MRI-CGCM3） is attributed to the well captured ratio of the two kinds of rainfall, but not diurnal variations of the two components. Therefore, a proper ratio of convective and stratiform rainfall to total rainfall is also important to improve simulated diurnal rainfall variation. 相似文献