共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Rouchelle S. RodriguesAntonio Mascarenhas Tanaji G. Jagtap 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(2):181-188
A key component that guarantees stability of coastal sand dunes (CSDs) is vegetation. In this study, the floristic composition and distribution from CSDs of India is reviewed. Analysis revealed a total 338 species of CSD flora, of which 92 species are found to be common to the west and east coasts. The west coast showed a greater diversity than the east coast, accounting for 267 and 163 species respectively. Fabaceae members dominated the flora and 62% of dune species exhibited an herbaceous habit. The non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) resulted in three groups at 20% similarity. The CSD vegetation appeared to be more influenced by the geological setting and climatology of the region. The higher number of coastal dune species along the west coast is attributed to larger and extensive sandy areas. The CSD flora of India is under constant anthropogenic pressure due to rapid elimination of sand dunes and its associated vegetation. The prevailing Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notification does not guarantee the health of sand dune flora. A coastal vegetation conservation policy that ensures a succession of species in the form of a three layered biozone is proposed as a long term sustainable option to maintain biodiversity of coastal flora. 相似文献
2.
David Petruska Jeff Geyer Rick Macon Michael Craig Alex Ran Neil Schulz 《Ocean Engineering》2005,32(7):767-782
The Mad dog project will use a polyester mooring system on the drilling and production truss spar. This will be the first use of a permanent polyester mooring system on a Floating Production System (FPS) outside of Brazil and the first time polyester has been used on a spar. As such, there were many challenges, which include:
- • Regulatory approval.
- • Designing a mooring system which is dominated by current loadings.
- • Largest polyester rope break load ever required.
- • Rope design qualification and testing.
- • Quality control and assurance.
- • Inspection, Maintenance, Repair and Retirement (IMRR) of such a mooring system.
3.
Pedro Walfir M. Souza-Filho Waldir R. Paradella Suzan W.P. Rodrigues Francisco R. Costa José C. Mura Fabrício D. Gonçalves 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
This study assessed the use of multi-polarized L-band images for the identification of coastal wetland environments in the Amazon coast region of northern Brazil. Data were acquired with a SAR R99B sensor from the Amazon Surveillance System (SIVAM) on board a Brazilian Air Force jet. Flights took place in the framework of the 2005 MAPSAR simulation campaign, a German-Brazilian feasibility study focusing on a L-band SAR satellite. Information retrieval was based on the recognition of the interaction between a radar signal and shallow-water morphology in intertidal areas, coastal dunes, mangroves, marshes and the coastal plateau. Regarding the performance of polarizations, VV was superior for recognizing intertidal area morphology under low spring tide conditions; HH for mapping coastal environments covered with forest and scrub vegetation such as mangrove and vegetated dunes, and HV was suitable for distinguishing transition zones between mangroves and coastal plateau. The statistical results for the classification maps expressed by kappa index and general accuracy were 83.3% and 0.734 for the multi-polarized color composition (R-HH, G-HV, B-VV), 80.7% and 0.694% for HH, 79.7% and 0.673% for VV, and 77.9% and 0.645% for HV amplitude image. The results indicate that use of multi-polarized L-band SAR is a valuable source of information aiming at the identification and discrimination of distinct geomorphic targets in tropical wetlands. 相似文献
4.
5.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2005,52(7):1228-1240
Photographs of the deep-sea floor not infrequently show conspicuous spiral fecal trails, sometimes with an enteropneust hemichordate at the leading end. Here, we report on the dynamics of enteropneust trail production and disappearance at an abyssal station. A time-lapse camera deployed in the abyssal NE Pacific (Station M, 4100 m depth) photographed the same field of view at hourly intervals for 4 months in 2001–2002. Fortuitously, the final 10 days of the time-lapse sequence showed an enteropneust (of an undescribed species) abruptly appear in the field of view and spend 39 h foraging and producing a clockwise, four-whorl spiral fecal trail before ascending off the sea floor. The selection of the foraging site was not obviously influenced by previous biological or sedimentation processes observed in the time-lapse photographs over the 3-month period prior to the enteropneust arrival. After departure of the enteropneust, the fecal trail degraded rapidly over the remaining 8.5 days of the deployment. In an ancillary analysis of 52 camera sled transects over a 15-year period (1989–2004) at Station M, the photographs revealed that the same enteropneust species was present in small numbers through the 1990s but increased four-fold in abundance between 2002 and 2004. Similarly, the number and length of fecal trials increased over the same period. We were unsuccessful in collecting any of these enteropneusts in a semi-balloon trawl routinely towed behind the camera sled, presumably because of their fragility. 相似文献
6.
基于GF-1 WFV影像的黄河口湿地植被盖度估测及分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
植被盖度是植被生长状况的重要定量指标,而目前开展的植被盖度遥感估测工作主要集中在陆地区域,对河口湿地植被盖度遥感估测工作比较少见。本文基于国产GF-1 WFV遥感影像开展了黄河口湿地植被盖度估算,并结合植被类型、土壤盐度和植被指数分布状况开展了植被盖度分布特征分析,得到如下结论:（1）基于GF-1 WFV卫星影像的NDVI、SRI、SAVI、MSAVI和DVI 5种植被指数,分别建立植被盖度估测模型,其中基于NDVI、SRI、MSAVI和DVI 4种植被指数建立的多变量线性回归模型估测精度最好,其决定系数（R2）最大,为0.904,均方根误差RMSE最小,为0.14;（2）植被盖度估算模型的精度与植被盖度本身有一定的关系,其中各植被盖度回归模型中,盖度大于0.8时估算精度要优于盖度小于0.6的区域,RMSE最大相差0.04;（3）以潮滩碱蓬和潮滩芦苇为主的植被覆盖区属于低植被盖度区,盖度位于0.03~0.5,盐度在1.5 g/L左右;芦苇草甸、互花米草和柽柳灌丛植被覆盖区属于高植被盖度区,盖度位于0.8~1.0,其中芦苇草甸土壤盐度小于1.2 g/L,柽柳灌丛土壤盐度在1.4~2.0 g/L,在高盖度植被区混生有中等盖度的植被,盖度在0.5~0.8,土壤盐度在1.8 g/L左右。 相似文献
7.
Characterization of humic substances in salt marsh soils under sea rush (Juncus maritimus) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. Santín M. Gonzlez-Prez X.L. Otero P. Vidal-Torrado F. Macías M.. lvarez 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(3):541-548
Humic substances (HS) from salt marsh soils were characterized and the relationships among HS composition and some geochemical factors were analysed. For this, three salt marshes with the same vegetation cover (Juncus maritimus), but with different geochemical characteristics, were selected. The qualitative characterization of the soil humic acids and fulvic acids was carried out by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and VACP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy.HS from salt marsh soils under sea rush (Juncus maritimus) displayed some shared characteristics such as low degree of humification, low aromatic content and high proportion of labile compounds, mainly polysaccharides and proteins. However, although the three salt marsh soils under study were covered by the same type of vegetation, the HS showed some important differences. HS composition was found to be determined not only by the nature of the original organic material, but also by environmental factors such as soil texture, redox conditions and tidal influence. In general, an increase in the humification process appeared to be related to aerobic conditions and predominance of sand in the mineral fraction of the soil, while the preservation of labile organic compounds may be associated with low redox potential values and fine soil texture. 相似文献
8.
基于卫星遥感的潮滩植被、高程、潮沟空间关系探讨-以崇明东滩为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The analysis of vegetation-environment relationships has always been a study hotspot in ecology. A number of biotic, hydrologic and edaphic factors have great influence on the distribution of macrophytes within salt marsh.Since the exotic species Spartina alterniflora(S. alterniflora) was introduced in 1995, a rapid expansion has occurred at Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve(CDNR) in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River Estuary, China.Several important vegetation-environment factors including soil elevation, tidal channels density(TCD),vegetation classification and fractional vegetation cover(FVC) were extracted by remote sensing method combined with field measurement. To ignore the details in interaction between biological and physical process,the relationship between them was discussed at a large scale of the whole saltmarsh. The results showed that Scirpus mariqueter(S. mariqueter) can endure the greatest elevation variance with 0.33 m throughout the marsh in CDNR. But it is dominant in the area less than 2.5 m with the occurrence frequency reaching 98%. S. alterniflora has usually been found on the most elevated soils higher than 3.5 m but has a narrow spatial distribution. The rapid decrease of S. mariqueter can be explained by stronger competitive capacity of S. alterniflora on the high tidal flat. FVC increases with elevation which shows significant correlation with elevation(r=0.30, p0.001). But the frequency distribution of FVC indicates that vegetation is not well developed on both elevated banks near tidal channels from the whole scale mainly due to tidal channel lateral swing and human activities. The significant negative correlation(r=–0.20, p0.001) was found between FVC and TCD, which shows vegetation is restricted to grow in higher TCD area corresponding to lower elevation mainly occupied by S. mariqueter communities. The maximum occurrence frequency of this species reaches to 97% at the salt marsh with TCD more than 8 m/m2. 相似文献
9.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(6-7):635-648
Natural and cultural characteristics at seaward boundaries of residential lots are examined to identify ways of making these boundaries more naturally functioning. Field data on lot size, house size, type and location of the seaward-most vertical structure, and window height are compared with topography and vegetation on the backdune, foredune, foreslope, and flat seaward of the foredune. Results indicate that intensively developed coastlines can retain natural dune features on private property if residents allow ecological boundaries to replace cultural boundaries. Appropriate management actions include: (1) discouraging planting of exotics, (2) building houses at higher elevations, so residents can retain views of the sea as dunes grow, (3) elevating boardwalks to facilitate transfers of sediment and biota, (4) discouraging use of fences to demarcate lot lines, (5) restricting use of sand-trapping fences, and (6) placing cultural features on landward sides of lots to provide space for nature to evolve. 相似文献
10.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
11.
Altogether three coastal dune fields, one located north and two south of the city of Essaouira, Atlantic Morocco, have been investigated to establish the distribution and overall sand volumes of various dune types. The purpose of the study was to characterize and classify the aeolian landforms of the coastal dune belt, to estimate their sand volumes and to assess the effectiveness of coastal dune stabilization measures. The northern dune field is 9 km long and lined by a wide artificial foredune complex fixed by vegetation, fences and branches forming a rectangular grid. Active and ephemeral aklé dunes border the inner backshore, while some intrusive dunes have crossed the foredune belt and are migrating farther inland. The total sand volume of the northern dune belt amounts 13,910,255 m3. The central coastal sector comprises a much smaller dune field located just south of the city. It is only 1.2 km long and, with the exception of intrusive dunes, shows all other dune types. The overall sand volume of the central dune field amounts to about 172,463 m3. The southern dune field is characterized by a narrower foredune belt and overall lower dunes that, in addition, become progressively smaller towards the south. In this sector, embryonic dunes (coppice, shadow dunes), tongue-like and tabular dunes, and sand sheets intrude from the beach, the profile of which has a stepped appearance controlled by irregular outcrops of old aeolianite and beach rock. The total volume of the southern dune field amounts 1,446,389 m3. For the whole study area, i.e. for all three dune fields combined, a sand volume of about 15,529,389 m3 has been estimated. The sand of the dune fields is derived from coastal erosion and especially the Tensift River, which enters the sea at Souira Qedima some 70 km north of Essaouira. After entering the sea, the sand is transported southwards by littoral drift driven by the mainly north-westerly swell climate and the Trade Winds blowing from the NNE. This sand feeds the beaches along the coast, from where it is blown obliquely onshore to generate the dune fields. The maximum sand input occurs in the north, from where it gradually decreases southwards, this being also reflected in the grain size and dune typologies. The study shows that dune stabilization measures have been reasonably effective along most of the coast, with the exception of a large area immediately north of Essaouira where the almost complete destruction of the plant cover has reactivated sand mobility—this may in the future threaten the city. 相似文献
12.
《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(1-2):353-364
The sand dunes in coastal regions of South Korea are important ecosystems because of their small size, the rare species found in this habitat, and the beautiful landscapes they create. This study investigated the current vegetative status of sand dunes on three representative coasts of the Korean peninsula, and on the coasts of Cheju Island, and assessed the conditions caused by invasive plants. The relationships between the degree of invasion and 14 environmental variables were studied. Plots of sand dunes along line transects perpendicular to the coastal lines were established to estimate vegetative species coverage. TWINSPAN (Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis), CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis), and DCCA (Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were performed to classify communities on sand dunes and assess species composition variation. Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, and Vitex rotundifolia were found to be the dominant species plotted on the east, the west, and the peripheral coasts of Cheju Island, respectively. Vegetation on the south coast was totally extinct. The 19 communities, including representative C. kobomugi, C. kobomugi–Ixeris repens, C. kobomugi–Oenothera biennis, E. mollis, Lolium multiflorum–Calystegia soldanella, and V. rotundifolia–C. kobomugi, were all classified according to TWINSPAN. Oenothera biennis and L. multiflorum were exotics observed within these native communities. CCA showed that invasive native and exotic species distribution was segregated significantly, according to disturbance level, exotic species number, gravel, sand and silt contents, as well as vegetation size. It further revealed that human disturbance can strongly favor the settlement of invasive and exotic species. Restoration options to reduce exotic plants in the South Korean sand dune areas were found to be the introduction of native plant species from one sand dune into other sand dune areas, prohibition of building and the introduction of exotic soils, and conservation of surrounding sand dune areas. 相似文献
13.
国外海岸沙丘形成与演化的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
董玉祥 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(2):93-98
自20世纪80年代以来，国外对海岸沙丘的研究已从主要对其地貌形态的研究转向海岸海丘与海岸变迁尤其是全球变化关系的研究上，海岸沙丘形成与演化的研究倍受关注，进行了大量研究并取得了一定的研究成果。这里介绍了国外在海岸沙丘形成与演化研究方面的主要进展及其成果，并以此探讨了国内今后开展海岸沙丘形成与演化研究的主要方向与问题。 相似文献
14.
雷州半岛红树林边缘效应及其对海岸有机碳库的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为滨海湿地与邻近海区之间物质循环、能量和物种流动及其相互作用的重要界面,红树林的边缘效应对研究海陆生态系统相互作用,滨海湿地生物地貌形成过程以及海岸带有机碳库分布格局等方面的具有重要意义。文章以雷州半岛东岸红树林4种典型地貌分布区为重点,通过调查红树林前缘光滩,林缘及林内植被及土壤理化特征的变化,探讨红树林边缘效应的表现及其对土壤有机碳库的影响。结果表明,不同地貌类型红树林边界区的群落结构及土壤理化因子分布特征有所不同。边界区群落特征表现为林缘的冠层低于林内,叶面积指数低于林内,物种丰富度林内高于林缘(除河口区外),且林缘的植被盖度受风浪影响显著,表现出河口区>内湾区>岛屿区>前沿浪击区。土壤理化性质边缘效应表现为林缘的pH值、粒度低于光滩,氧化还原电位、盐度高于光滩(除内湾区外),而林内的土壤理化性质波动较大,可能受林缘植被演替及地貌双重影响。不同地貌单元红树林边界区的土壤表层有机碳含量,有机碳密度均表现为林内>林缘>光滩。综合影响表层土壤有机碳的主要生物及非生物因子进行主成分分析和相关分析,结果显示土壤表层有机碳密度与环境第一主成分呈显著负相关,即受植被盖度,叶面积指数和土壤pH因子影响密切。红树林土壤有机碳沉积虽然受到不同水文地貌的影响,但总体而言,红树林初级生产输入和土壤酸性环境对红树林林下土壤有机碳库的富存贡献显著。 相似文献
15.
《Marine Chemistry》1991,32(2-4)
The adsorption of trace metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg) on calcite, kaolinite and bentonite has been studied in Krka river water of various salinities (S = 3, 20 and 38‰).Model experiments were performed at pH 8 in natural water and in UV-irradiated water samples to determine the importance of natural soluble organic matter. Cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the Hg determination, and a differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) method for determination of other trace metals, using either a hanging mercury drop electrode or a mercury-coated glassy carbon working electrode. The following results have been obtained on calcite:
- 1. (1) a powerful absorption of Pb and Zn was observed for both natural and UV-irradiated waters at S=20‰;
- 2. (2) a strong adsorption of Hg was observed in natural water, and significantly lower adsorption in UV-irradiated water at all three salinities, particularly at low salinity;
- 3. (3) Cd adsorption was of medium intensity in both waters at S=20‰;
- 4. (4) Cu was practically not adsorbable in both waters at S=20‰ if the total Cu ion concentration was lower than the copper complexing capacity value;
- 5. (5) Cu adsorption was of a medium intensity at S=38‰. It has not influenced by the EDTA model ligand.
16.
On some shores the seawater is muddy, contaminated with fine silt and clay in suspension. If it became necessary to use such seawater it would be essential either to resort to filtration or to allow for settling of soil sediments. The present scheme was undertaken with a view to providing clear seawater for experimentation in growing crops and plants with seawater. The system consisted of a filtration unit embedded in the shore over which the tidal water passes. The clear water is run through a conveying assembly and is stored in a sump for end uses. The design, construction materials and construction operation of such a device on coastal sand dunes has been described in detail. The precautions to be taken under such circumstances are also given. 相似文献
17.
18.
David F. Johnson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(6):693-705
Vertical and horizontal distributions are described for megalopae of 11 brachyuran taxa common to the lower Chesapeake Bay and adjacent shelf. Three distribution patterns are apparent from horizontal distribution.
- 1. (1) More than 75% of the megalopae of estuarine adults, such as Hexapanopeus angustifrons, Neopanope sayi, Panopeus herbstii, Rhithropanopeus harrisii and Pinnotheres ostreum, are retained in estuarine waters.
- 2. (2) The megalopae of three estuarine taxa, Callinectes sapidus, Uca spp. and Pinnixa sp., are most abundant on the shelf.
- 3. (3) More than 90% of the megalopae of the shelf species, Portunus sp., Cancer irroratus and Libinia spp. remained in shelf waters.
19.
高密度采集福建前湖湾海岸剖面133个泥沙样品做粒度分析,其频率曲线显示多种粒度分布特征,预示多种沉积环境的变化。采集研究剖面周边海滩、河口浅滩、河口、滨海沼泽和海岸沙丘等已知环境的样品作为目标样本。将目标样本沉积参数平均粒径(Mz)、标准偏差(σ)、峰态(Kg)设为判别参数,利用Excel计算海岸剖面样品与目标样本参数的距离,筛选最小距离样品,归为已知目标样本的同类。据此,分析了海岸剖面蕴含的6个沉积环境变化阶段。利用剖面底部淤泥测年14C=(328 15±170)a BP,和剖面上部泥炭测年14C=(24 130±100)a BP,了解这一变化发生的年代。自(32 815±170)a BP以来,前湖湾经历了河口浅滩-河口、沙丘-河口-滨海沼泽-海滩-沙丘等海岸环境演变过程。 相似文献
20.
Maria Joo Almeida Augusto A.V. Flores Henrique Queiroga 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,80(4):509-516
Post-settlement processes are a major focus in the study of the dynamics of marine populations and communities. Post-settlement movement of juveniles is an important, but often ignored, process which affects local predator–prey and competitive interactions. We used benthic suction sampling and pitfall traps to examine density and locomotory activity of Carcinus maenas juveniles in different intertidal habitat types in the Rio Mira Estuary, Portugal, to better understand intra-specific interactions in a system where density-dependent processes are known to regulate population dynamics. As expected, significantly higher densities of juvenile shore crabs were found from bare mud compared to densely vegetated habitats. At the time of sampling, small and intermediate stages together outnumbered by far the larger juveniles. Conversely, larger crabs were much more frequent than smaller ones in traps. A locomotory index (LI), i.e. the ratio between crab catch in pitfall traps and their density within their moving range, is proposed as a measure of movement. LI analyses indicated that: (1) movement is an order of magnitude higher in large than small juveniles and much higher in sparse than dense vegetation cover; (2) activity of small juveniles is mostly crepuscular, regardless of vegetation cover; and (3) movement of large juveniles is very limited in dense Zostera patches, but very high in sparsely vegetated areas, during the day and night. These results suggest that small juveniles are relatively protected under dense vegetation cover due to lower mobility of larger crabs, and provide evidence of temporal segregation of activity windows between juvenile crabs of different sizes, which may be a key mechanism to reduce cannibalism and therefore increase the carrying capacity of nursery habitats. 相似文献