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1.
吉林省洁净地区长白山表层土壤中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)总体上污染较轻,但高于一些其他地区。表层土壤的OCPs和PCBs表现出明显的随海拔高度增大的趋势,初步显示了高山冷凝捕集效应的影响。长白山旅游地区表层土壤受到轻微HCHs和DDTs的污染(平均值分别为12.4 ng/g和12.3 ng/g)。长白山附近较低海拔地区表层土壤中OCPs含量要略高一些,表明农业活动逐渐增大。HCHs和DDTs都未超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级,但个别地点DDTs可能对鸟类和土壤生物具有一定的潜在生态风险。不排除在个别采样点有林丹和三氯杀螨醇被使用的可能性。长白山及附近地区表层土壤样品中∑7PCBs含量为7.3~31.9ng/g,平均17.2 ng/g。PCBs污染主要集中在海拔1450 m和1800 m处。7种PCBs异构体的含量依次为:PCB 28>PCB 52>PCB 180>PCB 138>PCB 101>PCB 153>PCB 118。  相似文献   

2.
利用电子捕获检测器气相色谱法(GC-ECD)测定新江湾城表层土壤中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs),六六六类(HCHs)和滴滴涕类(DDTs)化合物均被检出,HCHs含量为0.81~2.84 ng/g,平均1.90 ng/g;DDTs含量为9.37~130.8 ng/g,平均43.9 ng/g。HCHs都未超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级水平,但是有两个站点的DDTs超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级水平。7种多氯联苯(7PCBs)含量为1.83~8.46 ng/g,平均3.99 ng/g,以四氯代PCB 52和六氯代PCB 138残留最高。PCBs污染主要集中在火力发电厂处,并向周边蔓延,反映了PCBs污染的来源与电力设备有关,其污染来源很有可能来自历史上变压器油泄漏物的残留及来自工业区的新的PCBs输入。  相似文献   

3.
广州市公园表层土壤中有机氯农药的分布特征   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
通过测定广州市典型公园的冬季和夏季表层土壤样品中有机氯农药(OCPs)含量,研究了OCPs的残留现状和潜在生态风险,并与附近地区相比较,结合当地所处的地理位置对土壤中OCPs的分布特征进行了探讨。冬季和夏季土壤中,六六六类(HCHs)的残留水平分别为0.29~6.26 ng/g和0.60~8.07ng/g,平均值分别为2.06和2.44 ng/g;滴滴涕类(DDTs)的残留水平分别为3.27~38.8 ng/g和1.46~35.5 ng/g,平均值分别为12.4和12.5 ng/g。两类OCPs都未超过国家土壤环境质量标准一级自然背景值。较低的α-HCH/γ-HCH比值和γ-HCH>β-HCH,有可能仍有林丹的使用所致。一些公园可能有新的外源DDTs的输入。历史悠久且距离市中心较近的公园土壤中OCPs含量明显偏高。对于大多数新建且相对偏僻的公园而言,表层土壤一般都未见明显的OCPs污染。  相似文献   

4.
为了研究有机氯农药(OCPs)在表层岩溶带土壤中的分布趋势、组成特征和来源,采用气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)分析了重庆市南川区水房泉、后沟泉、柏树湾泉、兰花沟泉等典型表层带岩溶泉上覆土层中有机氯农药的浓度。结果显示,总体上表层岩溶带土壤中的OCPs的浓度范围是7.13~323.37ng/g,其中后沟泉、柏树湾泉、兰花沟泉表层土壤中的17种OCPs检出率为100%,水房泉土壤中除p,p'-DDD外其余全部检出,但不同种类有机氯含量差异较大。其中HCHs、DDTs、CHLs、灭蚁灵是主要检出物。研究区内土壤样品中的HCHs来源于工业品HCHs和林丹使用的残留,且由于环境影响,土壤中HCH的同系物组成发生了明显变化。水房泉和柏树湾泉土壤中的DDTs来自于工业DDTs和三氯杀螨醇的混合源,而后沟泉和兰花沟泉土壤中的DDTs可能来自于工业DDTs的使用,而非三氯杀螨醇类型的DDT。对比中国和荷兰的土壤质量标准,柏树湾泉土壤中DDTs浓度接近于荷兰无污染土壤的参考值,兰花沟泉土壤中的DDTs应属于轻度污染,后沟泉土壤中的DDTs和氯丹类化合物污染程度较重,而水房泉土壤为无污染土壤。   相似文献   

5.
大石围天坑群土壤中有机氯农药的分布与富集特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选择典型的岩溶地区广西乐业大石围天坑群为研究区,采集不同岩溶地形的土壤,利用 GC-ECD 气相色谱仪测定六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)两种有机氯农药的浓度.结果表明,大石围天坑群地表土壤、天坑绝壁土壤、天坑底部土壤以及地下河(洞穴)土壤中的 HCHs 和 DDTs 平均浓度分别为0.06 ng/g 和0.02 ng/g、0.31 ng/g 和0.27 ng/g、0.96 ng/g 和0.28 ng/g 以及0.14 ng/g 和0.10 ng/g.研究区土壤中有机氯农药总检出率为:天坑地表<天坑绝壁<天坑底部<地下河(洞穴),随高程降低而增高;有机氯农药(OCPs = HCHs + DDTs)浓度的空间分布特征为:天坑底部>天坑绝壁>地下河(洞穴)>天坑地表,天坑底部 OCPs 浓度明显高于顶部;因此,大石围天坑呈现明显的有机污染物“冷陷阱效应”  相似文献   

6.
在江汉平原中部潜江市附近,沿径流选取了9个采样点对地下水进行有机氯农药的(OCPs)气相色谱分析,探讨了地下水中OCPs的分布特征及来源,并对浅层地下水的有机污染及其风险进行了初步评价。结果显示,被测21种OCPs均有不同程度的检出。枯水期和丰水期时,地下水样中HCHs的质量浓度分别为0.03~153.15,0.16~57.25ng/L,DDTs的质量浓度分别为0.05~13.27,0.51~3.18ng/L。HCHs和DDTs的质量浓度变化基本一致,均为枯水期高于丰水期,质量浓度从靠近汉江和长湖两端向中间递减。对HCHs和DDTs的组成进行了分析,结果表明HCHs可能有新的林丹输入,DDTs则主要为历史残留。与国内其他地区对比,本研究区OCPs残留水平较低,各组分未超过饮用水水质标准,对人类的健康风险较小。  相似文献   

7.
沈阳郊区表层土壤有机氯农药残留特征及风险评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用GC-ECD定量测定了沈阳郊区21个表层土壤样品中有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量,并对其残留特征、可能来源及生态风险进行了分析。结果表明,研究区表层土壤中OCPs的检出率达到95.2%,残留量最高值达到111.67 ng·g-1,平均值26.91 ng·g-1,其中以六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)为主。与国内其他城市土壤中OCPs含量相比,沈阳郊区表层土壤HCHs和DDTs残留属于较低水平,但HCB残留属于较高水平。研究区OCPs的来源解析表明OCPs主要来自环境中的早期残留和近期林丹的使用,六氯苯(HCB)的来源还应包括工业生产。相关性分析说明土壤中总有机碳和水溶盐含量是影响OCPs残留的重要因素。生态风险评价显示表层土壤中DDTs类有机氯农药对该区生物可能仍存在生态风险。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨新疆开都河流域水不同介质的来源及分布特征,检测了开都河流域水、土壤和表层沉积物样品中20种有机氯农药(OCPs)和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量。结果显示,OCPs和PAHs在水中的含量分别为42.5~62.5ng/L和29.4~454.3ng/L,在土壤中的含量分别为8.8~12.4ng/g和6.6~128.2ng/g,在表层沉积物中的含量分别为6.6~13.7ng/g和20.8~491.0ng/g。空间分布上,开都河中游污染相对严重的土壤对应的周边河流沉积物也具有较高浓度的污染物,这种分布明显受人类活动影响,沿河道上游呈递增趋势,但总体上低于入湖口沉积物中的含量,表明博斯腾湖蓄积了来自周边的污染物。来源分析表明,开都河流域的六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)主要是历史残留,而入湖口区水体和表层沉积物中新的DDTs,可能与湖泊沉积物被扰动引起的再悬浮释放有关。PAHs以低分子量组分为主,其高含量主要来自于木柴、煤等中低温燃烧。风险评价结果表明,开都河流域土壤和沉积物中的OCPs和PAHs不存在显著的生态风险。  相似文献   

9.
为研究不同土壤类型中有机氯农药的残留特征、降解程度和来源途径,采集了山东烟台9个不同地质单元苹果园根系土壤和剖面土壤样品,用电子捕获检测器气相色谱法测定其中的滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)。结果表明,研究区所有类型根系土壤中DDTs和HCHs均未超出《土壤环境质量标准》的二级土壤限值(500 ng/g);土壤中DDTs的残留量及检出率均高于HCHs,DDTs检出率为100%,平均残留量为71.7ng/g,而HCHs的检出率为19.70%,平均残留量为7.9 ng/g;根系土壤中DDTs各异构体平均浓度依次为p,p’-DDT>p,p’-DDE>o,p’-DDT>p,p’-DDD,而HCHs大部分以α-HCH形式存在,部分以β-HCH、γ-HCH存在。不同类型土壤中有机氯农药残留分布特征明显不同:DDTs在棕壤土(臧家庄)中最高(145.5 ng/g),在中粗粒砂土(武宁)中最低(24.1 ng/g);而HCHs在细砂质壤土(蛇窝泊)中最高(27.9ng/g)。各剖面土壤DDTs均在<20 cm层位中残留最高。DDTs和HCHs来源解析表明:研究区土壤为好氧条件;麻砂棕壤(官道和桃村)、黏细壤土(牟平)、细砂质壤土(蛇窝泊)和棕壤土(臧家庄)近年来仍有新的DDTs输入;大部分根系土壤均未发现HCHs新来源,但麻砂棕壤(桃村)在HCHs禁用后可能仍存在林丹的使用。  相似文献   

10.
广西百朗地下河水和沉积物中有机氯农药的分布特征   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
为了解典型岩溶地区广西乐业百朗地下河表层水和沉积物中有机氯农药的分布特征,采集地下河不同断面的水和沉积物样品,利用气相色谱仪测定了19种有机氯农药。结果表明:(1)百朗地下河表层水中19种有机氯农药总量(∑OCPs)浓度为1.95~71.45ng/L,HCHs和DDTs浓度分别为未检出至58.40ng/L和未检出至0.44ng/L;(2)沉积物中∑OCPs浓度为0.75~14.85ng/g,HCHs和DDTs浓度分别为0.11~3.52ng/g和0.03~2.90ng/g;(3)地下河表层水和沉积物中有机氯农药的分布与吸附作用、环境温度以及和地下河连通的天坑的底部的土壤侵蚀有关,即因温差作用,大气沉降的有机氯农药易富集在天坑底部(“冷陷阱效应”),并在土壤侵蚀作用下向水体移动,使地下河沉积物中有机氯农药浓度升高;(4)百朗地下河出口沉积物吸附系数最低,但水中有机氯农药浓度较高且种类最多,推测可能是地下河沉积物中因有机氯农药被释放而引起二次污染;(5)表层沉积物中大多数断面的异狄氏剂浓度及乐业县城附近断面的DDTs和DDD浓度在风险评估低值与风险评估中值之间,表明百朗地下河处于较低的生态风险水平;(6)目前,流域部分断面尚有新的γ-HCH(林丹)和DDTs农药输入。由于有机氯农药长期累积,可能对地下河生态系统造成危害,应采取防治措施。   相似文献   

11.
广州市海珠区有机氯农药污染状况及其土-气交换   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
通过在冬夏两季对广州市海珠区表层土壤和空气样品中有机氯农药的采样和分析,对有机氯农药残留现状和潜在生态风险进行了研究。结果表明,土壤中六六六类(HCHs)含量水平在2007年冬季和2008年夏季分别为0.57~8.77 ng/g和0.30~14.9 ng/g,平均值分别为2.87 ng/g和3.04 ng/g,都未超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级自然背景值。冬季和夏季滴滴涕类(DDTs)含量水平分别为3.69~697.7 ng/g和0.88~263.3 ng/g,平均值分别为85.5 ng/g和39.4 ng/g。海珠区部分地点DDTs超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级自然背景值。DDTs为该区域表层土壤中主要的有机氯农药残留。在研究区域对逸度模型进行了初步应用。  相似文献   

12.
长三角部分地区土壤中22种有机氯农药的分布特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
针对长三角地区长期工业化对农业生态环境构成较大风险,本文利用气相色谱法对该地区不同利用类型土壤中22种有机氯农药进行测定,研究了有机氯农药的残留状况及其在4条土壤垂向剖面中的分布特征。结果表明,不同利用类型表层土壤中有机氯农药残留平均值为工业园区菜地(139.87 ng/g)工业园区荒地(103.1 ng/g)农业区传统菜地(26.27 ng/g)农业区水稻田(2.50 ng/g)。表层土壤中DDTs和HCHs是主要污染物,DDTs含量为0.14~485.73 ng/g(均值44.43 ng/g),HCHs含量为0.69~66.69 ng/g(均值7.73 ng/g),(DDD+DDE)/DDTs值表明该地区近期外源DDTs输入较少。土壤剖面样品分析表明,DDTs和HCHs的含量均随土壤深度增加而迅速降低,这与剖面土壤包气带岩性均以黏土和亚黏土为主,削弱了地表径流对有机氯农药的垂直迁移动力有关。本研究可为控制和改善该地区污染状况提供相关数据。  相似文献   

13.
Surface soil samples were collected in two karst Tiankengs, Dashiwei and Datuo, situated within the Dashiwei Tiankeng group, located in Leye County of Guangxi province, South China. The soil samples were analyzed for 23 kinds of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) using a gas chromatography electron capture detector device. The results showed that the concentrations of OCPs in soils of Dashiwei Tiankeng ranged from 0.03 to 5.13 ng/g for total OCPs, not detectable (ND) to 0.22 ng/g for Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), and 0.01 to 3.61 ng/g for Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites (DDTs). Concentration of the total OCPs in soils of Datuo Tiankeng ranged from 0.13 to 14.36 ng/g, ND to 0.39 ng/g for HCHs, and 0.01 to 3.28 ng/g for DDTs. These concentrations indicated that there could be new inputs of HCHs and DDTs from recent application of lindane and dicofol in this area. Further analysis also revealed that the concentration of OCPs at the bottom of both Tiankengs was higher than the top. The variability in concentrations between the top and the bottom was attributed to the “cold trapping effect” for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in karst Tiankeng topography. The difference in temperature between the top and bottom of Tiankeng is a predominating factor which can cause a POPs “cold trapping effect.” Other environmental factors are proposed to explain the difference in concentration such as humidity, topography (or slope), wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, vegetation cover, and soil organic matter. The environmental condition of Dashiwei Tiankeng appears to favor the accumulation of OCPs than that of Datuo Tiankeng because Dashiwei Tiankeng is a matured Tiankeng but Datuo Tiankeng is a degraded one. Thus, there is the need for further studies on the environmental factors influencing distribution of OCPs in karst Tiankeng.  相似文献   

14.
The concentrations of typical organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (DDTs, HCHs, PCP-Na, and HCB) were measured to understand distribution and source of OCPs in surface and columnar sediments of Poyang Lake in 2006. And OCPS concentrations in surface sediment in 2017 were made a comparison with those in 2006 at several same sampling sites. OCPs showed higher concentrations in main stream than in river mouths (entrance of river flow into lake) of the lake. The average concentrations of HCHs and DDTs were 4.63 ± 3.86 and 20.15 ± 26.86 ng/g in surface sediments in 2006, respectively. Concentrations of OCPs in 2017 were lower than in 2006, such as HCHs average 1.98 ± 2.04 ng/g and DDTs average 4.87 ± 1.48 ng/g in 2017, indicating historical residual and degradation. The primary isomers of HCHs and DDTs in the lake were α-HCH, γ-HCH and p,p′-DDD, respectively. HCHs were from historical residual and lindane application. DDTs were from historical residual. PCP-Na total concentrations in surface sediment were 77.36 ng/g in 2006 and 44.04 ng/g in 2017. The concentration of HCB residues in surface sediment was 0.92 ± 0.90 ng/g in 2006 and 0.42 ± 0.38 ng/g in 2017. The concentrations of OCPs in columnar sediments showed annual variations, and the peak concentrations occurred in 1953, 1961, 1974, 1982, and 1995, showing close relations with onset of production OCPs pesticide in 1950s and its later prohibition in 1980s and a large number agricultural cultivated land decrease in 1990s in China. The concentrations of HCB in columnar sediments were average 2.33 ± 1.26 ng/g. OCPs of columnar sediments were from historical residues and lindane input. The main contamination of OCPs was PCP-Na and p,p′-DDD in Poyang Lake. On the whole, the combination of surface samples (0–5 cm in depth) and columnar samples (0–38 cm in depth) in a single study would give insight into OCPs pollution levels in different years (temporal resolution) and in different regions (spatial resolution) in Poyang Lake.  相似文献   

15.
Surface soil and sediment samples were collected from the surroundings of the Ittehad Chemical Industries Kalashah Kaku industrial zone to assess residual level of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and identify their sources. DDTs and HCHs were most prevalent OCPs and general pattern of contamination followed the order: ∑DDT > ∑HCH > dicofol > endrin > heptachlor > dieldrin > endosulfan II. Total measured concentrations of HCHs (6.38–121.71 ng/g) and DDTs (759.65–1811.98 ng/g) were greater in the soil samples collected from fodder/rice fields irrigated with the factory effluents and in the surrounding of waste disposal site. Ratios of β to γ-HCH highlighted an old mixed source of technical HCH and lindane in surface soils. Predominance of p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE among isomers and metabolites showed that large quantity of technical grade DDT is still present in the surrounding surface soils. Six soil samples were categorized as heavy polluted soils (class III category of DDT > 1,000 ng/g), two soil samples into less polluted soil between class I and II (50–500 ng/g) and 28 soil samples as non-polluted (<50 ng/g) according to environmental quality standards for surface soils. Six soil samples were categorized as less polluted between class I and II of HCHs (50–500 ng/g). Greater concentration of DDTs and HCHs above quality guideline poses potential exposure risk to biological organisms, safety of agricultural products and human health in the surrounding of the Ittehad Chemical Industries.  相似文献   

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