共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ecological impacts of deer overbrowsing often lead resource managers to recommend deer control through hunting, which may be strongly opposed by local residents. Adaptive impact management argues that understanding wildlife impacts of concern to the public can improve wildlife management. However, research on public wildlife acceptance capacity for deer, and on support for hunting, has emphasized concerns about household impacts and deer well-being, general environmental beliefs and attitudes, and beliefs about consequences of hunting, but not public concerns about deer ecological impacts. Our survey of neighbors of urban wetlands shows that beliefs about deer ecological impacts are statistically significant predictors of deer acceptance capacity and of support for hunting, controlling for other factors. Including ecological-impact beliefs adds substantially to the explained variance in deer acceptance capacity, and slightly to the explained variance in support for hunting. 相似文献
2.
Zander Albertson 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(7):790-806
Despite decades of scientific research, stakeholder negotiations, and policy proposals, management of the Klamath River in southern Oregon and northern California remains hotly contested. This research examines the sociocultural dimensions of proposed removal of four Klamath River dams. Using a social constructivist approach to analyze the discourse of public comments regarding dam removal, I find commenters rely on diverse ideas of nature and divergent problem framings, contest the role of science, and draw on embedded and meaningful sociocultural narratives to legitimize their management preferences. These discourses shape the terrain upon which management actions are perceived, valued, and contested, and make management actions meaningful beyond their immediate spatial and temporal context. Dam removal on the Klamath River is far more than an ecological problem amenable to a scientific or technical approach; instead, it is a complex project shot through with the sociocultural identities, visions, and narratives of all involved. 相似文献
3.
Urban forest management is being increasingly recognized as a viable policy vehicle for improving community health, sustainable development, and well-being for city dwellers. To improve our understanding of public concern for the local urban forest, a theoretical framework employing concepts traditionally explored in social–psychological and environmental concern studies was tested using data from a public opinion survey of 800 homeowners living in a major urban area in Southern Appalachia, USA. Publicly available geographic information system (GIS) data were analyzed to measure tree canopy density around survey respondents’ properties. Structural equation modeling was used to test the validity of the hypothesized relationships among the survey-derived constructs and the spatial data as predictors of public support for urban forest protection policy. The results suggest that homeowners living around urban trees place greater importance on various attributes of trees, and that tree knowledge and experience are indirectly and positively related to support for urban forest protection. 相似文献
4.
Hunters in the Western world today do not need to hunt to obtain food and other animal products. So why do they hunt? This paper examines the motives of hunters, the motives ascribed to hunters by members of the general public, and the role motives play for the moral acceptability of hunting among members of the general public. It draws on a nationally representative survey of the general public (n?=?1,001) and hunters (n?=?1,130) in Denmark. People with a negative attitude to hunting are more likely to take motives into account when they consider the acceptability of hunting. Three clusters of motives defining distinctive hunting motivational orientations were identified: action/harvest, management/care, and natural and social encounters. The general public ascribed action/harvest motives to hunters more than hunters did. In a policy perspective, if hunters’ motives are misperceived, improved dialog may be needed to protect the legitimacy of recreational hunting. 相似文献
5.
新冠肺炎疫情下健康码政策的空间扩散机制分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新冠肺炎疫情作为突发公共卫生事件,在全球范围造成了灾难性后果。自2020年2月,中国各地政府出于防控疫情蔓延和促进复工复产的目的,相继出台健康码政策,迄今已成为中国有效防控疫情的重要手段和经验。本文通过对全国295个地级及以上市的健康码政策扩散时间及其影响因素进行事件史分析,探究该项首创于地方政府的应急政策迅速扩散至全国范围的时空过程及其机制。研究发现：① 数字化水平和经济实力优越的城市采取健康码政策的反应速度更快。② 邻近城市政府间的“学习”和“竞争”行为会提高健康码政策扩散速度,而省级政府的垂直指导压力所发挥的作用不显著。③ 政策企业家是加快健康码政策扩散的有力推手。④ 各市疫情状况以及与疫情热点地区的地理距离会对健康码政策扩散产生影响。本文通过分析新冠肺炎疫情背景下健康码政策的扩散动因,为理解公共危机情境下应急政策的制定和扩散机制提供经验总结和政策启示。 相似文献
6.
Jennifer K. Lipton 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(8):820-833
This article uses a case-study approach to investigate the challenges of protected area (PA) management for Huascaran National Park in the Peruvian Andes. The park is analyzed by situating the timing of establishment of the park boundaries within the context of two historical Peruvian events: agrarian reform (1969) and an earthquake (1970). Interviews and narratives from community members and stakeholders associated with park delimitation and management were used for the study. Analysis of narratives revealed that the establishment of park boundaries, the legal definition used for the park, and land use restrictions contribute to diminished support for the park from surrounding communities. Community and national institutions negotiate the spatial boundary of conservation in Huascaran National Park while engaging with historical narratives that invoke environmental constraints and acts of resistance. 相似文献
7.
Joseph E. Mbaiwa Barbara N. Ngwenya Donald L. Kgathi 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(2):155-172
This paper reviews how state policy and regulatory instruments, including protected area alienations and concessions, have altered or denied the access to land and natural livelihood resources of the indigenous Basarwa and minority subsistence-oriented communities in the Okavango Delta (OD) in Botswana. Drawing on field research and guided by a sustainable rural livelihoods framework, the paper provides an overview of key institutional interventions – in particular the setting up of the Moremi Game Reserve, Wildlife Conservation Policy, Tourism Policy, Agricultural Development Policy and the erection of veterinary fences – that have served to privilege a foreign-owned and dominated commercialized wildlife and nature tourism sector and the export-oriented beef industry in the OD. The officially sanctioned barriers to customary and usufructory rights and access, and the non-recognition of historically embedded traditional land uses have decimated already marginalized resource-based subsistence livelihoods, and precipitated intergroup conflicts over preferential rights and access to resources and opportunities, notably wildlife, non-timber veld products, agriculture and community-based tourism schemes. Such outcomes, moreover, will have consequences for the longer-term sustainability of the OD both as a socioeconomic resource base and as a natural ecosystem. 相似文献
8.
Tiger conservation often requires local-level support to avoid facing serious political challenges. In order to address the political challenges, the social capital of communities can be utilized to create community action and to help understand local dynamics. We studied the social capital in two villages bordering Corbett Tiger Reserve, India. Our results indicate that social capital of local communities is a significant determinant of potential for community action to support or oppose tiger conservation outcomes. Our results also indicate that specific components of social capital (solidarity, reciprocity and cooperation, networks, and mutual support) were critical in this potential community action. Further, the data suggest that the decline of social capital was led by the financial disparities created by unplanned growth of tourism outside the reserve boundaries. We suggest that policy and management interventions should consider social capital of local communities and ways in which it may support tiger conservation in India. 相似文献
9.
Wildland fire creates a complex relationship between federal agencies and public stakeholders. Questions surrounding the public's role in federal wildland fire management point to broader questions about the relationships among scientists, policymakers, federal agencies, and the public. In this article we report on a project to provide information about the key components of federal policies that govern wildland fire management. The goal is to enhance the decision support capabilities of a geographic information system (GIS)-based fire risk model and the capacity of users to interpret the outputs of the model from a fire policy perspective. We conclude by making recommendations for how this and other such tools might be refined to improve and expand policy interactions among government land and resource management agencies, scientists, and the public. 相似文献
10.
政策是保障和推动风景道建设与发展的重要措施、手段、依据和基本准则。文章围绕美国风景道政策演进这一主线，从演进背景、政策类型、政策主体、政策主题、政策手段等5个方面，深入剖析其百年演进历程，并在此基础上刻画和识别其演进特征。结果表明：1）美国风景道政策演进历经“萌芽酝酿”“起步探索”“成长发展”“转型变革”4个时期，是一个动态演变的历史过程，标志性政策的出台促进与推动政策变迁迈入新的进程；2）美国风景道政策演进受社会文明与思潮、经济与生态环境发展、交通建设和旅游需求、风景道自身发展等内、外各种因素的共同影响；3）法案、技术指南和研究报告“三位一体”，共同促进美国风景道政策演进；4）历经百年变迁，美国已形成由交通部门主导、多部门跨部门联合、注重公众参与的政策制定主体格局；5）美国已形成一套相对完整的风景道政策体系，涉及“建管养运”各方面。最后，基于美国经验，结合中国风景道政策现状和问题，提出未来中国应遵循风景道政策演进规律，考虑内、外影响因素，进一步丰富政策类型、设立风景道主管或牵头部门、关注“建管养运”全过程等。 相似文献
11.
Lost in translation: conflicting views of deforestation, land use and identity in western Madagascar
Scales IR 《The Geographical journal》2012,178(1):67-79
This paper focuses on the interplay between environmental narratives, identity politics and the management of forest resources in Madagascar. While efforts to conserve the island's biological diversity have centred primarily on the designation of protected areas, policies have increasingly focused on local communities. The experiences of the last 20 years have shown that community-based approaches to conservation offer considerable challenges due to the complex politics of natural resource use, which involve multiple and diverse stakeholders, often with very different and sometimes conflicting values. In this paper, I focus on the environmental perceptions and values of two groups in the Central Menabe region of western Madagascar – conservation organisations and rural households – revealing a contrasting set of views regarding the region's forest. I show that the conservation discourse has changed over time, increasingly emphasising the biological diversity of the region's tropical dry-deciduous forest and prioritising non-consumptive uses of natural resources. Although policy has changed in response to changing values, I show that it has been underpinned by the notion that hatsake (‘slash-and-burn’ agriculture) is an irrational practice driven by necessity rather than choice. Policy has thus sought to provide livelihood alternatives, firstly through forestry, then through changes in cultivation and increasingly through tourism. This misunderstands the local view of the forest, which sees hatsake as a way to make the land productive, as long as it is carried out responsibly according to local fady (taboos). As well as facing problems of translating conservation goals into local values and misunderstanding the motives for forest clearance, policy has been based on a narrative that attaches particular land use practices to ethnic identities. I argue that this ignores the history and fluid reality of both identity and land use. 相似文献
12.
Michael D. Heneghan 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(4):434-451
Despite low numbers for the past century, black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in Alabama appear to be growing. There are often strong emotional reaction and public disagreement toward how wildlife management agencies respond to human-bear encounters. We used data from a mail in survey (n?=?564) distributed to residents of two distinct regions of Alabama to examine the acceptance of five common black bear management strategies in response to specific human-bear encounter scenarios. We applied the second generation Potential for Conflict Index (PCI2) to estimate the potential for social conflict which may arise due to dissenting opinions toward bear management strategies. Potential for conflict varied according to severity and frequency of the bear encounter and severity of management actions and was greater in rural areas. We recommend managers create standardized bear management protocols and a human-bear encounter classification system to maintain consistency and limit negative public reaction to management techniques. 相似文献
13.
政治性民意集团及其利益博弈：缅甸国内长期冲突的一个分析视角 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章首先提出了一个国内政治性行为主体影响国家政局的分析框架,然后从“民意”“民意政治”“政治性民意”的视角,依据各民意集团的构成主体、利益诉求、行为方式等要素对缅甸国内的政治性民意集团进行梳理和划分,分析了缅甸政治性民意集团形成的时空环境,并对其形成的过程与机制进行探讨。。研究发现,在缅甸特殊的历史和地理环境背景下,形成了基于利益诉求而相互博弈的六大主要的政治性民意集团。各政治性民意集团或采取平等协商签订协议,或软硬兼施诱使妥协,或使用强力打击迫使接受等手段、方式进行权利博弈,成为缅甸国内主要的政治性行为主体。各政治性民意集团的借力博弈对缅甸政局产生了深远的影响,民意集团之间冲突的实质是其集团利益超越国家利益,这是缅甸国内长期冲突的主要致因。从“民意”“民意政治”的视域来研究一国内部的民主问题、民族问题、宗教问题和冲突问题是富有尝试性和探索性的,缅甸的实证研究也为研究特定国家的相关问题提供一个新的视野和参考借鉴。 相似文献
14.
Max Eriksson 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(11):1374-1388
Attitudes towards wolf policy are likely to be driven by perceived differences in political power between urban and rural groups. Using Swedish survey data collected in 2014 and structural equation modeling, I evaluated the effects of political alienation. Political alienation mediated the effect of having an urban or rural place of residence on attitudes towards wolf policy. Politically alienated individuals also preferred more extreme policy options than other respondents, while being less likely to approve of the current wolf policy in Sweden. These findings suggest that political alienation drives attitude polarization in wolf related social conflicts. Awareness of these underlying power asymmetries could possibly increase both policy legitimacy and management efficiency. This highlights the importance of accounting for social context in relation to policy-making and conservation efforts related to wolves. 相似文献
15.
John S. Adams 《The Professional geographer》1979,31(2):135-145
Policy makers express concern for rapid growth and decline of metropolitan regions and of urban neighborhoods. These changes are the net result of families trying to improve themselves socioeconomically and geographically. Recent school intergration trends highlight the many differences between the North and South. The differences in physical and human geography of these regions must be recognized so that effective public policy can be developed. 相似文献
16.
COVID-19疫情防控中的中国公众舆情时空演变特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
COVID-19疫情是全球面临的重大公共卫生危机。客观认识疫情期间的公众舆情响应和区域差异,对于提高重大公共卫生事件的政策调控和科学治理具有现实意义。本文以新浪微博为数据源,基于潜在狄利克雷分配主题模型和随机森林算法构建了主题抽取和分类模型,识别微博文本中的13个舆情话题,并从数量、空间、时间、内容等方面分析了2020年1月9日—3月10日在湖北省、京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝等城市群及沿边口岸等重点区域分布特点。结果表明：中国公众的响应总体是理性和积极的,但各舆情话题在区域内部的空间分布差异明显。各区域热点分布中,京津冀以首都北京为中心,长三角以上海为中心,辅以南京、杭州等热点,珠三角以广州、深圳为两核,湖北省以武汉为中心。建议应持续加强重点区域的疫情舆情关注和因地制宜的差异化精准响应。 相似文献
17.
This article explores the emergence and persistence of crisis narratives in the policy environment of twentieth century Nigeria. It finds that environmental crisis narratives have a well-established and traceable historical lineage, initially, as continuity between colonial and post-colonial policy discourse, but more recently with donor agencies gaining increasing importance in influencing and shaping debate. Counter-narratives are identified, but these lack historical 'legitimacy', and often sit uncomfortably alongside donor-funded initiatives. In light of weak governance systems that impede the development and maintenance of robust data-sets, the article argues that flawed 'conventional wisdom' regarding environmental processes and people–environment linkages will combine to produce a policy environment that could actually constrain rather than enable the improvement of rural livelihoods. 相似文献
18.
乡村旅游政策变迁影响路径的组态视角研究——基于黄山案例地的定性比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在中国制度背景下,乡村旅游的发展与政策变迁紧密相关。论文采用多变量交互作用的清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA)方法,基于多源流理论探索乡村旅游政策变迁的动力机制,分析由组织/领导变更、乡村规划政策变更、本地文化政策变更、东道主居民参与以及旅游市场舆情组成的乡村旅游政策变迁影响的构型。研究发现：① 单项因素影响中,组织/领导的变更对文旅局层面的旅游政策出台产生了更大的影响力,东道主居民参与在市级政策的出台上产生了更大的影响力,但所有单因素均不构成乡村旅游政策变迁的必要条件;② 在可能形成的32条路径组合中,存在4个充分性条件的特定组合路径影响市级层面的乡村旅游政策变迁,3个充分性条件特定组合路径影响文旅局层面的乡村旅游政策变迁;③ 对于市级旅游政策变迁来说,乡村规划政策变更、旅游市场舆情和东道主居民参与具有同等重要的影响力,旅游部门的领导变更在组合中影响力相对较小;④ 对于文旅局层面的政策变更来说,组织领导变更、乡村规划政策变更、本地文化政策变更具有同等重要的影响力,东道主居民参与和旅游市场舆情在路径中影响较小;⑤ 多源流的政策变迁动力下旅游政策的效应涉及社会民生等多领域。研究可为未来政策研究领域的深入与政策制定提供参照。 相似文献
19.
文章收集了428份由公共部门发布的粤港澳大湾区协同发展政策,根据政策主体拓扑关系测度城市间的大湾区协同政策供给强度,绘制基于协同发展政策关系的大湾区空间联系格局,结果发现：1）单向惠港惠澳的政策措施是当前主要的政策供给方向;2）政策供给高度集中于公共服务与产业领域;3）区县及以下层级和地方专业部门尚未充分进入大湾区协同发展政策网络;4）港、澳、广、深四大中心城市与大湾区其他主体间的政策关系与空间联系方式各异;5）大湾区城市间的政策联系在都市圈尺度内互动频密,跨都市圈政策联系相对松散。最后,提出以下建议：粤港澳大湾区可进一步加强邻域城市、邻域区县、专业部门间以及广深2个中心城市之间的双向政策联动,统筹对港、对澳政策,使得政策供给进一步适应大湾区的治理结构。 相似文献
20.
This article considers the aftermath of the 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development and the later Laxon, Sweden meeting of about 40 academic geographers, who addressed the implications of the Plan of Action for national policy. A recent International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP) member synthesized conference impact on member nations. Martens from IUSSP offered the critique that the 381 recommendations were philosophically incoherent and poorly integrated and did not distinguish between government as a "doer of things" from government as "organizer and guarantor of a legal-institutional framework for allowing individuals and voluntary groups to seek improvements." This article discusses the apparent gulf between the views of population researchers and that of policy makers. It is reasoned that population policies do matter. The Club of Rome world model confirmed rapid population growth during 1972-90. Population policies in the past emphasized a societal perspective rather than an individual one. Policies impact on individual decision making. Most population geographers emphasize four features of social change. 1) Policy must address suitable measures for easing social, economic, and political tensions that arise in the temporary experience of high population growth. 2) More sensitive models of demographic behavior need to be developed, in order to account for the highly uneven patterns of fertility and mortality. Policy should not focus exclusively on family planning and should take into account the cultural and socioeconomic context. 3) Migration pressures from poor to rich countries have increased. Policy should address international migration. 4) People adapt quickly to new policy measures and apply policies effectively in their own life. Policies fail when the top-down approach does not include adequate research into values and behavior of the persons most affected by policy. These four points were discussed throughout this issue of "Applied Geography." 相似文献