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1.
Since the late 1950’s, many Chinese scientists have explored the remains of the Quaternary glaciation in the Qinghai-Xizang
(Tibet) Plateau and its surrounding mountains. In the main, 3–4 glaciations have been recognized. The largest one occurred
in the Late Middle Pleistocene with piedmont glaciers, ice caps and trellis valley glaciers in many high peak regions. But
here is no evidence of a unified ice sheet covering the whole plateau as described by M. Kuhle. Due to the further uplifting
of the Himalayas and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau the climate became progressively driver, diminishing the extension of glaciers
during the Late Pleistocene. The elevation of the snow line during the Last Glaciation was about 4,000 m on the south, east
and northeast edges of the plateau and ascended to 5500 m on the hinder northwest of the plateau. The thermal effect of the
big plateau massif, the sharp increase of aridity from the southeast rim to the northwest inland area and the abrupt decrease
of precipitation during the Ice Age largely account for the distribution of the Quaternary glaciers in the Qinghai-Xizang
Plateau. The neglect of Chinese literature may be one of the causes accounting for M. Kuhle’s misinterpretation on the environment
of the Quaternary glaciations in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. 相似文献
2.
This paper describes the paleoclimatic changesoccurring in the Chaiwopu Basin since 730,000 yr.B.P., together with theformation
and evolution of Chaiwopu Lake based on the chronology and characteristics of a core drilled in the basin. Analysis of the
drilling core provides information on the climate and environment of the area. It would appear that the paleoclimatic changes
that occurred in the basin during the Pleistocene was controlled by the relationship between the sun and the earth and by
Long-term (10,000 yr.) climatic cycles. The climate tended to cold-dry during the glacial period (ice age) and warm-moist
during the interglacial. Following the warm period of the Holocene, short-term (1,000 yr.) climatic cycles occurred in cool-moist
periods, similar to the “Little Ice Age”, alternated with warm-dry periods. 相似文献
3.
CLIMATIC VARIATIONS IN CHINA OVER THE LAST 2000 YEARS 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
1 INTRODUCTIONIn the last years, evidence for climate changes showed that the timing of the two great climatic events of “Medieval Warm Period” (MWP) and “Little Ice Age” (LIA) differed geographically (HUGHES et al., 1994, JONES and BRADLEY, 1992). In other words, the cold or warm periods in one region were often not coincident with those in other regions. The Northern Hemisphere warmth degree in the Middle Ages was lower than or at most comparable to that in the mid-20… 相似文献
4.
The Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau area was subjected to twice uplift and planation in the Tertiary. Intense uplifting of
the plateau area has given rise to drastic changes and differentiation of physical environment on the plateau and the surrounding
area since 3.4 Ma B.P. Significant environmental changes with dry tendency in interior of the plateau had occurred during
the last 150 ka B.P. By comparative study on several mountains of the plateau, two systems of the structure-type of the altitudinal
belt are identified and nine groups are subdivided. A distribution model with close relevance to highland uplift effect has
been generalized. A number of striking geo-ecological phenomen and their spatial pattern such as moisture corridor, dry valleys,
high-cold meadow zone, and high-cold arid core area are investigated and discussed. Based on the thermal conditions, moisture
regimes and variation in landforms of the plateau is sequentially demarcated. A tentative scheme of 2 temperature belts, 10
natural zones and 28 physical districts has been proposed not including southern slopes of the East Himalayas. The Qinghai-Xizang
Plateau is sensitive to “green house effect”, showing close relation with global change. Characteristics of temperature and
precipitation on the plateau during the last 2000 years, and response of glaciers, snow deposit and permafrost on the plateau
to global change are dealt with in the present paper.
Under the auspices of Chinese National Key Project for Basic Research (G1998040800) and CAS project on the Qinghai-Xizang
Plateau (KZ951 - A1 - 204, KZ95T - 06) 相似文献
5.
Matthias Kuhle 《山地科学学报》2007,4(2):91-124
This overview discusses old and new results as to the controversy on the past glacier extension in High Asia, which has been debated for 35 years now. This paper makes an attempt to come closer to a solution. H.v. Wissmann's interpretation (1959) of a small-scale glaciation contrasts with M. Kuhle's reconstruction (1974) of a large-scale glaciation with a 2.4 million km2 extended Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland glaciation and a Himalaya-Karakorum icestream network. Both opinions find support but also contradiction in the International and Chinese literature (Academia Sinica). The solution of this question is of supraregional importance because of the subtropical position of the concerned areas. In case of large albedo-intensive ice surfaces, a global cooling would be the energetical consequence and, furthermore, a breakdown of the summer monsoon. The current and interglacial heat-low above the very effective heating panel of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau exceeding 4000 m, which gives rise to this monsoon circulation, would be replaced by the cold-high of an inland ice. In addition, the plate-tectonically created Pleistocene history of the uplift of High Asia — should the occasion arise up to beyond the snowline (ELA) —would attain a paleoclimatically great, perhaps global importance. In case of a heavy superimposed ice load, the question would come up as to the glacio-isostatic interruption of this primary uplift. The production of the loesses sedimentated in NE-China and their very probable glacial genesis as well as an eustatic lowering of the sea-level by 5 to 7 m in the maximum case of glaciation are immediately tied up with the question of glaciation we want to discuss. Not the least, the problems of biotopes of the sanctuary-centres of flora and fauna, i.e., interglacial re-settlement, are also dependent on it. On the basis of this Quaternary- geomorphological-glaciological connection, future contributions are requested on the past glaciation, the current and glacial permafrost table and periglacial development, the history of uplift, and the development of Ice Age lakes and loess, but also on the development of vegetation and fauna in High Asia. 相似文献
6.
青藏高原西南部塔若错湖泊沉积物记录的近300年来气候环境变化 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
以青藏高原西南部塔若错的34cm浅湖芯为研究对象,对其沉积物样品进行总有机碳、无机碳、总氮、微量元素、正构烷烃含量及碳氮比等多项指标的分析测定。采用过剩210 Pb和137 Cs计年法对该湖芯进行了定年和沉积速率研究,获得了近300年的连续湖泊沉积环境序列。在明确了各指标气候环境指示意义的前提下,综合对比分析湖芯中各项气候环境指标,并结合定年结果重建了塔若错湖区近300年来的气候环境变化。结果表明:塔若错湖区气候环境变化可分为3个明显阶段:早期为1705~1778年,该地区气候环境温暖湿润,湖区植被广泛发育;中期为1778~1860年,湖区处于小冰期末次阶段,气候环境寒冷而湿润,植被发育受阻;后期为1860年至今,为小冰期结束后偏暖干化时期。其中,后期又可分为3个亚阶段:1860~1924年,湖区气候环境稍暖且干旱,植被稍有发育;1924~1969年,湖区气候环境呈现偏冷干特点,植被发育暂缓;1969年至今,湖区气候回暖,环境干旱化有所缓解,植被开始逐渐发育。在气候冷暖变化上,该湖芯记录与古里雅冰芯记录和青海湖湖泊沉积记录都有较好的可对比性,只是在起讫年代上存在一些差异。 相似文献
7.
LAST GLACIATION AND MAXIMUM GLACIATION IN THE QINGHAI-XIZANG (TIBET) PLATEAU: A CONTROVERSY TO M. KUHLE,S ICE SHEET HYPOTHESIS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Since the late 1950's, many Chinese scientists have explored the remains of the Quaternary glaciation in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and its surrounding mountains. In the main, 3-4 glaciations have been recognized. The largest one occurred in the Late Middle Pleistocene with piedmont glaciers, ice caps and trellis valley glaciers in many high peak regions. But here is no evidence of a unified ice sheet covering the whole plateau as described by M. Kuhle. Due to the further uplifting of the Himalayas and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau the climate became progressively drier, diminishing the extension of glaciers during the Late Pleistocene. The elevation of the snow line during the Last Glaciation was about 4,000 m on the south, east and northeast edges of the plateau and ascended to 5500 m on the hinder northwest of the plateau. The thermal effect of the big plateau massif, the sharp increase of aridity from the southeast rim to the northwest inland area and the abrupt decrease of precipitation during the 相似文献
8.
The role of colloid as “colloid pump”in the ocean is well known. The important influence of colloid in seawater on the growth of microalga was found in our 1999--2000 study. Colloid concentrates were obtained by employing a cross-flow filtration system to ultrafilter seawater(which had been pre-filtrated by 0.45 μm acetate cellulose membrane) successively with different membranes. Ultrafiltration retentions (we called them colloid concentrates) together with control sample (seawater without colloid) were then inoculated with two species of microalgae and cultivated in selected conditions. Monitoring of microalgae growth during cultivation showed that all colloid concentrates had obvious influence on the growth of the microalgae studied. Addition of Fe(OH)3 colloid or organic colloid (protein or carbohydrate) to the control sample enhanced the microalgae‘s growth. 相似文献
9.
Li Li Zhang Zheng-bin Wang Zhao-ding Zhao Wei Peng Yun-hui Huang Hong-hui Pan Ming-xiang 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2000,18(4):363-371
This paper discusses the measured concentrations of trace metals in different size fractions at Daya Bay, and describes the
features of distribution and variation of lead, copper and cadmium there. On average, 16% of Pb, 10% of Cu and 8% of Cd which
previously would have been considered in the dissolved phase are actually associated with colloidal material. Thus, past studies
overestimate the dissolved trace-metal concentration. The correlation between the colloidal fraction and the so-called dissolved
fraction suggests the significant role of colloidal material in the biogeochemistry of trace metals.
Project supported by the National “Ninth-Five-Year Plan” Special Project (No.97-926-04-03) and “KZ95T-04-04-04” Fund. 相似文献
10.
The largest Mesozoic northward transgression in Qangtang Basin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau occurred during the Buqu
Stage, Middle Jurassic. Mainly filled with carbonate rocks, the whole basin is composed of transgression-regression sedimentary
cycle. Field outcrops and indoor analysis revealed 8 types of sedimentary facies markers in this region. 4 types of sedimentary
facies have been recognized: platform facies, platform marginal facies, foreslope facies and basin facies. Influenced by the
northern Lazhuglung-Jinshajiang suture zone, central uplift region and southern Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone, these facies
belts extended east-west. The sedimentary model was established based on observed depositional features. From their biological
features and sedimentary characteristics, it is suggested that the paleoclimate was warm and humid at that time. The Buqu
Formation is a promising target for oil and gas exploration in Shuanghu-Duoyong area in future.
Sponsored by National ‘Ninth Five Year Plan’ Science and Technology Project (970204-01-01). 相似文献
11.
Ancient town Dali is located in northwest Yunnan Province. With its ancient history and natural scenery, it is preserved as
one of the first 24 historical and cultural towns in China. Dali has become one of the most popular attractions for foreign
tourists since it had its first foreign visitors in 1983. As a result, English came into the life of the local people. This
paper presents and explains the results of questionnaires and interviews about Dali people’s attitude toward learning English.
Three types of questionnaires were designed to local businessmen, local residents and foreign tourists. Interviews were also
given whenever possible. In this study, businessmen in Dali were divided into two distinct groups. One group had their business
in “Foreigners’ Street”, which was in front of Hongshancha Hotel where many foreign tourists stayed. Another group had business
in Fuxin Street, which was vertically across “Foreigners’ Street”. The 41 shops and restaurants in “Foreigners’ Street” served
mainly foreign visitors, and most of them had English names and advertisements. The 353 shops and restaurants in Fuxin Street
mainly catered for domestic visitors but also served more and more overseas ones. Subjects from local residents were mostly
young people because aging ones were apparently not much affected by English. The results of the study showed that the oral
English levels became lower from “Foreigners’ Street” to Fuxin Street to local residents, due to declining frequency of contact
with foreign people. There were also distinct differences in general English level, the understanding of the importance of
English, the purposes of communicating with foreign tourists, the willingness and purposes of going on learning English between
businessmen in “Foreigners’ Street” and Fuxin Street: people in “Foreigners’ Street” had more positive feedback than those
in Fuxin Street because their constant contact with foreigners required them to speak better English which enabled them to
exchange with foreigners in many aspects, which in turn help them to know more about other cultures. On the other hand, Fuxin
Street businessmen would catch up with more and more prospective contact with overseas people. Though local residents had
nothing to do with foreign tourists, they met them in the street every day and might have to talk with them in unexpected
ways. They lived in a place where they saw English advertisement every day. Accordingly, study results showed that they were
very much motivated to learn English. They showed even stronger desire to learn more English than businessmen in “Foreigners’
Street”, though many of them were too young to tell why English was so important for them. This is an indication that English
has become part of the necessary education for young people in Dali. With the development of tourism, Dali is gradually becoming
a place where Chinese culture and western culture meet and coexist.
This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
12.
THE STEPS FORWARD OF GIS IN CHINA 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1 HISTORICALSTEPS—ATEMPORALANA LYSISResearchesofGISinChinacandatebacktotheearly 1980s .Atthattime ,aremotesensingapplica tionprojectwascarriedoutinSouthwestChinausingGISmethodintegratedwithremotesensingdatatosolvetheareameasurementautomatically .Afterthefir… 相似文献
13.
The common problems on tourism of developing countries have often been researched by west researchers until now, which can
be concluded into special words: “two sectors”, “enclave construction”, “government’s interference”, “developing scale”, and
“the industrial role of tourism” etc. In fact all the researches were done from the areas with the patronage of foreign visitors,
how is the situation of domestic tourism was ignored in some points. In this paper, another developing model compared with
the one with foreign visitors was presented to the readers on the case studies of countryside spas in China. Through this
research, one aspect of Chinese real leisure life can be understood to some extent, and the implying that for bigger developing
countries the domestic tourism can match the effect of international tourism should not be ignored at least to China. As the
developing of economy, domestic tourism will finally unite with international one together, and the common problems will disappear
step by step, therefore domestic tourism and international tourism of developing countries should be researched equally since
now.
Biography: WANG Yan-ping (1962–), male, a native of Heilongjiang Province, is a doctorate student of Chiba University of Japan.
His research insterest is environmental impact assessment. 相似文献
14.
THE LITTLE ICE AGE OF THE NORTHWEST REGION,CHINA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王宗太 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1992,2(3):215-225
The Little Ice Age began in the early 15 the century and ended in 16 the century in the northwest region of China. In the Northern Hemisphere, the age of the Little Ice Age postponed form north to south, form west to east, and moist region to drought. Judged by the data the Little Ice Age of the Northwest China is later than the eastern China and Europe. The climate of the Little Ice Age in northwest China was cold-wet. In northwest China, as compared with the Little Ice Age, the recently annual temperature have raised about 1-1.3℃, the precipitation have reduced 50-78 mm, the evaporation have increased 7%, the glacier area have reduced about 21-46%, and the runoff have reduced about 14% in the river which the meltwater supply proportion is less than 10%. To sum up, since the Little Ice Age the warm-dry tendency of climatic variation is quite obviously in northwest China. If it goes on like this, its influence will be more severe to the river which meltwater proportion is more than 50%. 相似文献
15.
KANG Shi chang QIN Da he YAO Tan dong PAUL A. Mayewski SALLIE Whitlow 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2000,10(3):218-225
Investigations of atmospheric composition in the Himalayas has been limited in both temporal and spatial scales, mainly due to difficult logistics. Ideal sites for monitoring atmospheric composition and its evolution should be free from local pollution and representative of the remote troposphere (HUEBERT et al., 1980). As the Himalayas are far removed from highly industrialized regions they provide suitable locations to monitor the chemistry of the remote troposphere and to study the evolu… 相似文献
16.
IS CHINA LEARNING FROM ITS NEIGHBORS? A COMPARISON OF OVERSEAS INVESTMENT BETWEEN CHINA AND OTHER EAST ASIAN ECONOMIES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
WANG Mark Yao-lin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2000,10(4):326-334
1INTRODUCTIONAfter2decades'opendoorpractice,Chinahasnotonlybeenabigplayerasanimportanthostnationtoforeigndirectinvestment(FDI),butalsothelargestFDIhomenationamongthedevelopingcountries(SUN,1998;ZHANG,1995;WorldInvestmentReport,1998).Infact,sincethelate1980s,theChinesegovernmenthasnotsimplyputitseffortintoexportingmade-in-China"productstoearnforeigncurrencyorintoencouragingforeigninwardcapital.Ithasactivelyencourageditsmanufacturerstoinvestoverseas,andhasdeliberatelyandstrategical… 相似文献
17.
A combined numerical model of wind, wave, tide, and storm surges was built on the basis of the “wind field model in limited
sea surface areas”. When used to forecast the sea surface wind, wave height and water level, it can describe them very well.
Contribution No. 4108 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This work supported by Stress Project (KZ952-S1-420), Chinese Academy of Sciences; 863 Project (863-818-06-05), and (863-818-Q-07) 相似文献
18.
DuringthethreeMt.QomolangmaExpeditionsof1959-1960,1966-1968and1975,ChinesescientistshadobtainedmanydataofglaciersinthedistrictofMt.Qomolangma(Wangetal.,1980;Xieetal.,1975;Zhangetal.,1975).InMay1997,Prof.QinDaheandProf.PaulA.Mayewskiorganizedanothe… 相似文献
19.
Determination of geostrophic flow by applying the principle of minimum energy and the inverse method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article gives a computing method to calculate the geostrophic current. The fact that kinetic energy of geostrophic motion
and geostrophic potential energy reach minimum simultaneously. Fomins “principle of minimum kinetic energy” is equivalent
to the principle of minimum geostrophic potential energy. We concluded that horizontal geostrophic velocities at different
depths are along the same direction. Combining our method with C. Wunsch’s inverse method we can obtain the velocity components
along and normal to the hydrographic sections. We used and analysed CTD and current meter data of “Experiment No. 3” exploration,
December 1985–January 1986, in the west Pacific Ocean—Philippine area.
Contribution No. 1513 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. 相似文献
20.
Observational data obtained during the TOGA-COARE IOP in the “warm pool” area of the Western Tropical Pacific were used to
analyze some characteristics of the intraseasonal variations in the mixed layer. The influence of westerly burst and rainfall
on SST, salinity and mixed layer depth are discussed. There are two pairs of counteracting processes in the “warm pool” mixed
layer: (1) The increase of mixed layer depth caused by local westerly bursts and the decrease of mixed layer depth caused
by larger scale easterly relaxation; (2) the vertical mixing by local wind and the strong stratification due to rainfall in
the mixed layer. Some possible mechanisms through the interactions between the intraseasonal time scale variations of the
oceanic mixed layer and atmospheric low frequency oscillations are revealed.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (49276250) and LASG of Beijing. 相似文献