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1.
Earthquakes have become more frequent in the past few decades causing significant impact to regional economic development. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as a key component of modern business, often suffer more severely because of their vulnerability. This article proposes a common SME post-earthquake reconstruction management pattern. This pattern focuses on SME post-disaster reconstruction work, adopts corporate social responsibility as a management philosophy and applies a principal component analysis to analyse the SME operational situation in the pre-earthquake phase. Then, a SME hierarchical classification based on the cluster analysis method is presented according to extent of the earthquake damage, and an optimal time control for SME reconstruction is proposed. The SME post-disaster reconstruction implementation pattern includes self-help, hybrid and external help approaches. After theoretical research, the SME management reconstruction pattern is applied to businesses in Wenchuan. Through investigation, 182 SMEs were chosen from Chengdu, Ya’an, Guangyuan, Aba, Mianyang and Deyang as samples and were classified into 4 classes: minor damage, heavily damage, severely damage and completely destroyed. Applying the optimal time control model, the shortest time was calculated to be 36 months. For each class of damaged SMEs, the proposed three approaches for the SME reconstruction pattern were implemented separately. 相似文献
2.
This article presents the difference in patterns of NGOs’ post-disaster reconstruction between the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2013 Lushan earthquake based on a case study of the One Foundation. The comparative studies of the One Foundation’s activities during the two responses illustrate that the organizational strategy gradually shifted from “resource-based” to “learning-based”. Their approach evolved from the providing of resources to the providing of knowledge, as they transformed both aid providers and recipients into collaborative learners, changed a resource-delivery organization into a learning organization and shaped a decentralized partnership of organizations into a mutual learning ecosystem in which knowledge flowed in multiple directions. This example of the One Foundation illustrates the potential future directions of NGOs' participation in disaster response in China. 相似文献
3.
We examine the effects of natural disasters on income and investment in China. Using macroeconomic province-level data and the provincial history of disaster exposure over the past two decades, we describe the relationship between disaster mortality and morbidity, disasters’ economic damages, government investment and regional economic activity, and infrastructure development. The Chinese government’s aggressive investment in post-disaster reconstruction is discussed, and the implications of this investment for post-disaster private sector economic activity are analyzed empirically. We further investigate the differential effects of natural disasters on economic activity in China’s diverse geographical regions. 相似文献
4.
Most disaster research has focused on business recovery at a point in time or over a short period of time, with the goal of summarizing the experience to reduce business vulnerability in future disasters. However, studies on long-term business recovery processes may be more useful for providing lessons that support sustained business operations after a disaster. This study considers the changes in business’ operating statuses following the initial survival of a large earthquake and examines how different factors influence sustained business operations during the long-term recovery after a disaster. The study uses logistic regression techniques along with field investigations and questionnaire data collected from 256 New Beichuan businesses that remained open following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. The study results showed that some of the original surviving businesses closed during the subsequent post-disaster operation process. As such, identifying businesses reopening after the disaster cannot be equated with long-term recovery. Factors significantly influencing the sustained operation of a business after the Wenchuan earthquake included: pre-disaster financial conditions, post-disaster monthly average profit, borrowing of money from family or friends, the business owner’s gender, and government subsidies. Study findings have important theoretical implications for research on the long-term recovery of businesses after an earthquake. Findings also have practical value for business owners selecting post-disaster sustainable operation strategies. 相似文献
5.
Disaster loss estimates are helpful for managing post-disaster reconstruction and for designing disaster-risk mitigation strategies.
However, most of these estimates in China merely consider direct losses, and only a few include indirect economic losses.
As the most destructive earthquake since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Wenchuan Earthquake that
occurred in 2008 resulted in direct economic damages reached Chinese Yuan (CNY) 845 billion (US $124 billion). The aim of
the study was to estimate indirect economic losses caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province through the Adaptive
Regional Input–Output (ARIO) model, which can reflect disaster-related changes in production capacity, ripple effects within
the economic system, and adaptive behaviors of economic actors. The results showed that indirect economic losses in the production
and housing sectors were estimated at 40% of the direct economic losses, i.e., approximately CNY 300 billion; moreover, the
model predicted an 8-year reconstruction period. Several factors contributed to these losses, including significant damages
to key sectors, financial constraints on reconstruction, post-earthquake investment instability, and limits in reconstruction
capacity. Active government support policies post-earthquake are a useful strategy to mitigate the adverse economic impact
of an earthquake in developing countries. 相似文献
6.
Housing reconstruction is always the top priority issue in post-disaster reconstruction of rural areas in developing countries. However, the traditional reconstruction approaches, including reconstruction in situ, and resettlement are not sustainable enough for post-disaster reconstruction. Against the dispersion pattern of settlement, this study argues that developing concentrated rural settlement is able to increase the resilience of rural villages and to provide a basis for sustainable development post-disaster. Little study has reported developing concentrated rural settlement in post-disaster reconstruction until the reconstruction post 5.12 Sichuan Earthquake. Yet, there is still an unclear understanding of the factors taken into account when developing concentrated rural settlement in post-disaster reconstruction. This study aims to explore the critical determinant factors to be considered for developing concentrated rural settlement in post-disaster reconstruction with particular reference to the reconstruction post of 5.12 Sichuan Earthquake in China. Through content analysis, a preliminary list of determinant factors was firstly identified. Interviews with the local government officers, planners, and rural victims were conducted to collect opinions on the critical factors. It was found that governmental guidance, victims’ willingness, and economic development condition are three critical dimensions. The findings from this research can help understand the preconditions for developing concentrated rural settlement in post-disaster reconstruction and promote this approach in future. 相似文献
7.
We examine the effects of natural disasters on income and investment in China. Using macroeconomic province-level data and the provincial history of disaster exposure over the past two decades, we describe the relationship between disaster mortality and morbidity, disasters’ economic damages, government investment and regional economic activity, and infrastructure development. The Chinese government’s aggressive investment in post-disaster reconstruction is discussed, and the implications of this investment for post-disaster private sector economic activity are analyzed empirically. We further investigate the differential effects of natural disasters on economic activity in China’s diverse geographical regions. 相似文献
8.
在实地考察和收集相关资料的基础上,从工程地质角度,分析了汶川地震灾情及其次生地质灾害的成因,阐述了灾后重建中工程地质调查的重要性和主要内容,为灾后重建工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
In the very early hours of 26th December 2003, a devastating and strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.5 struck Bam, one
of the historical cities of Kerman province in the south of Iran. According to the official reports, more than 30,000 were
killed and about 25,000 injured. More than 80% of the town’s buildings were also destroyed. After the disaster, Bam’s reconstruction
management process was presented with a lot of challenges and faced many fundamental questions. The number of human losses
and related social issues, extensive destruction of the historical town, and also the lack of good experience in the reconstruction
of a city or town made the reconstruction project of Bam more complicated. The reconstruction of Bam was the most important
post-disaster reconstruction project among recent reconstructions in Iran. Many factors, such as concern over the government
and international agencies, the new managerial approaches, and the application of appropriate reconstruction methods, made
it different from the other reconstruction programs. Thus, the post-earthquake reconstruction of Bam is investigated in this
research with respect to the importance of this issue. The aim behind this article is to give a brief explanation of the earthquake
reconstruction management policies in Bam and also the plans for the reconstruction and rebuilding of urban residential and
commercial units. 相似文献
10.
Natural Hazards - The Ya’an, Sichuan Mw 6.7 earthquake occurred on April 20, 2013. In this article, the stochastic finite-fault method (EXSIM) based on dynamic corner frequency, proposed by... 相似文献
11.
“4.20”四川芦山地震诱发了大量次生地质灾害,导致宝兴县两河口崩塌危岩体发育,威胁进出地震灾区的生命线工程省道S210,威胁周边企事业单位及居民人数超过500人,严重影响了抗震救灾和灾后的恢复重建。在充分考虑治理区自然情况的基础上,采取预应力锚索锚杆支护,桩板拦石墙与钢轨障桩联合治理,解除了在暴雨作用下,治理区危岩体顶部、崩坡积层和下部坡面上存在的危石灾害,解决了被动网立柱抗弯能力较弱的问题,形成障桩起保护作用。为宝兴县灾后重建赢得了时间。 相似文献
12.
The ‘5.12’ earthquake in 2008 and the ‘8.13’ debris flow in 2010 brought huge losses of life and property to Qingping Township. Farmers’ livelihoods assets were also seriously affected and damaged. These led to a change in farmers’ livelihood styles and reduction in their income. A study of the impact of natural disasters on farmers’ livelihoods in mountainous areas would have significant importance for policy making. Based on field survey data from sample households, this study comparatively analyzed the assets, livelihood styles and income of farmers over three periods—2007, 2009 after the ‘5.12’ earthquake, and 2 months after ‘8.13’ debris flows. It presents the following findings: (1) livelihood assets suffered heavy losses; (2) livelihood styles were significantly changed; and (3) the sustainability of farmer income was adversely influenced. These results suggest that, during the process of post-disaster reconstruction work, affected farmers’ security, the carrying capacity of livelihood assets, and the enhancement of employment and livelihood choice are worthy of much attention from policy makers. 相似文献
13.
Transport infrastructure is at significant risk of direct damage from extreme climate events such as flooding, where the cost implications of delayed recovery are generally significant. Previous research in this regard has focused on the technical and engineering aspects of infrastructure construction. The risk management of resilient transport infrastructure is poorly considered, and little has been done to quantify the capacity of transport infrastructure to recover from the impact of natural disasters under varying conditions. This paper applies Cox’s proportional hazards regression model to determine the rate of recovery and cumulative probability that recovery occurs for transport infrastructure across regional areas in New South Wales, Australia. Data for post-disaster reconstruction projects over the period 1992–2012 are used to analyze recovery rate against geographic region, natural disaster type and post-disaster transport infrastructure reconstruction cost. Results demonstrate that transport infrastructure recovered slowest when the failure is the result of a flood rather than bushfire or storm, and in regions with a riverine geography. To validate the accuracy of the model, a bootstrap resampling technique is used. The bootstrap result confirms that the model is robust and reasonable. 相似文献
14.
The increasing impacts of natural disasters on disadvantaged rural areas, especially in developing countries, have led to concerns regarding post-disaster rural settlement reconstruction. Various approaches, including resettlement and in-situ reconstruction, have been adopted, both of which disregard changing the pattern of dispersed settlement in villages. Against a pattern of dispersed settlement, developing a concentrated rural settlement (CRS) within a village is argued to enable the resilience of rural villages and provide a basis for sustainable development after a disaster. Nevertheless, this has received little attention when determining a plan of actions for post-disaster reconstruction. No specific guidelines can be referenced when developing CRS in post-disaster reconstruction due to the lack of a generic decision model. Therefore, this study examines the process of developing CRS in post-disaster reconstruction by mapping four cases selected in Dujiangyan, China, after the 5.12 Sichuan Earthquake in 2008. The examination leads to establishing a generic decision model for developing CRS in post-disaster reconstruction, which incorporates all the proficiencies embodied in the existing practices. This model provides an alternative tool for planning CRS in post-disaster reconstruction. It can also serve as a vehicle for identifying both effective practices and weak areas by comparing varying cases. 相似文献
15.
Immediately after an earthquake event, how long people survive in place using their limited resources is relatively unknown, as is the behavioural response to resource scarcity. Computer-aided personal interviews were conducted with 172 householders to examine how many days people believed they were able to shelter in place without official aid in a simulated earthquake event, taking into account not only the water, food and medicine they had stockpiled, but also the availability of less obvious sources (such as water in the hot water cylinder or food from gardens). Based on recommended daily resource allowances, after a 3-day period without aid, 46 % of people had run out of at least one of these necessary resources and this increased to 90 % of people after 7 days. After a 7-day period without official aid, there is an increase in people’s perceived willingness to (1) ask for assistance from neighbours (but a reduction in people’s willingness to offer aid to others), (2) commit less socially acceptable acts (such as breaking into an empty house to take food and water) and (3) commit unsafe acts (such as drinking unpurified water). The results are discussed with regard to particular post-disaster social behaviours and how social norms shift as people adapt to survive. 相似文献
16.
2008年5.12汶川地震是新中国成立以来破坏性最强、诱发地质灾害最严重的一次特大地震。本文简要介绍了国土资源地质大调查计划项目“汶川地震地质灾害调查评价”的主要研究进展与成果:采用空天地一体化调查、地球物理探测、GPS位移监测、斜坡地震动测试及大型物理模拟等技术,调查和研究了汶川地震地质灾害发育特征和分布规律,揭示内外动力耦合作用下的地质灾害成灾机理,并开展了震后重建区高位滑坡泥石流防治和监测预警关键技术研究,为强震山区重大地质灾害监测预警和灾后重建提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
17.
对青海省玉树结古镇Ms 7.1级强震的成因及背景进行了分析,并提出灾后重建应该注意的问题.从大地构造背景看,玉树和汶川地震均由印度板块向青藏高原嵌入、引起高原壳-幔物质向东蠕散诱发.正是巴颜喀拉(昆仑)地块向东蠕散,其南侧边界玉树-鲜水河断裂的左行走滑引起了玉树Ms7.1级地震.巴颜喀拉(昆仑)地块在向东蠕散的过程中已... 相似文献
18.
遥感技术在本次“5．12”汶川特大地震抗震救灾工作中发挥了前所未有的重要作用,为应急抗震救灾、应急次生地质灾害排查和灾后规划重建工作提供了重要的第一手资料。本文介绍了我们通过参与震后大量应急图像处理工作,在实际工作中总结出一套特殊的应急图像处理手段、方法和取得的圆满成果。 相似文献
19.
Facing natural disasters is a priority challenge for cities, exacerbated by increases in urban population and climate change. Improving the resilience of cities is a critical need for the international community and especially for territories exposed to multiple risks, such as Chile. Although disasters are always tragic, the recovery and reconstruction post-disaster may provide a unique opportunity to prevent future suffering, enhancing the resilience of local communities. This paper presents the analysis of two Chilean reconstruction programmes applied in Mehuin and Dichato, after the earthquake and tsunami of 22 May 1960 and 27 February 2010, respectively. In both cases, reconstruction programmes were supported by the Chilean Government, but using different approaches: one focused on providing housing for people injured in the earthquake, while the other also included urban amenities and services. This article proposes an urban morphology analysis framework; in addition, it presents the assessment of the two case studies before and after a disaster, thus evaluating their resilience. By comparing urban morphology resilience pre- and post-disaster, a discussion about the effectiveness of two reconstruction approaches is presented. Finally, conclusions and recommendations to better integrate resilience into urban planning are proposed, with the aim of opening the discussion about how to make cities more resilient to natural disasters. 相似文献
20.
This paper presents panel-developed, expert opinion-based suggestions, and a Delphi process for the development of an earthquake damage assessment and recovery model. The model was specifically designed for the disaster relief of the damaged bridges of the 921 earthquake in Taiwan and uses four major indices: emergency handling ability, administrative capability, budget execution responsibility, and law enforcement reliability. The 921 earthquake, which occurred on September 21, 1999, forced the Taiwanese government into an unprecedented relief operation consisting of emergency rescue and reconstruction. However, some of the relief measures reflected possible inefficiency in intergovernmental cooperation. Regarded as one of the most decisive relief measures in Taichung County before it was consolidated and upgraded to a municipality on 25 December, 2010, the rescue and reconstruction of the majorly damaged bridges in the county were taken as an example to analyze the differences in the earthquake relief policies between the central and local governments. Based on experts’ experiences in government affairs and the four major indices of the damage assessment and recovery model, the ongoing governmental restructuring policy is considered retrospectively not only at the central government level but also at the local government level; this would serve to improve preparedness for catastrophes and to solve possible problems in earthquake-related intergovernmental cooperation. 相似文献
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