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Hydro-geochemical simulation of the mixing balance of exploitation and reinjection of geothermal fluid 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper targets its research at the exploitation–reinjection well of geothermal fluid of one geothermal heating project in Tianjin, China, examines such factors as ground temperature, CO_2 partial pressure and stratum lithology, and simulates the changes in the main component contents of geothermal fluids mixed at different proportions in the exploitation and reinjection well. The research findings show that the mixed fluids are increasingly similar in nature to the reinjected water as the reinjection process goes on. It's suggested that the manual method should be used to ensure the reinjected water has the similar mineralization as the exploited ground water in the process of reinjection and some acceptable adjustments should be made according to the specific component and water temperature. The study on water-rock balance calculation shows that PHREEQC can simulate the complicated chemical reactions related to water when the transfer of solute happens, so the necessary technological supports are given for the reasonable development and protection of geothermal resources. 相似文献
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Unlined rock caverns for oil storage are very common in Sweden. Most of them are excavated in hard rocks (compact, non-carbonate, non-volcanic rocks). The fundamental idea of underground oil storage is that the rock caverns are located below the natural ground water level. Hereby the ground water keeps the oil inside the caverns and prevents products migration.
During the excavating period the water seeping through the fractures of a cavern is pumped up to avoid flooding. This discharge causes a local drop in the ground-water level around the cavern and a cone of depression develops.
A local study of the development of such a cone of depression has been made by means of a network of observation holes around the cavern. On enlargement of an oil storage (by constructing new caverns close to the old ones), the cone of depression moves according to the progress of the new excavations. This process has been studied and described in two cases.
Underground storages in Sweden are very often closely spaced in order to use common facilities such as entrance tunnel, pumping station, housing etc. Therefore an artificial ground-water divide sometimes must be arranged between different caverns in order to prevent products migration. This paper describes how such an artificial recharge of water between some caverns is made. The control of its effectiveness is shown as well as the method for sealing off undesirable leakage. 相似文献
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Volkmar Gossow 《Engineering Geology》1985,21(3-4):349-358
The paper describes the construction of a long-term storage for critical waste. The base impermeability layer consisted of natural clay, whereby an additional 130,000 m3 of clay were placed on the existing 70,000 m2 clay stratum. The method of of placement and the permeability coefficients obtained are described. 相似文献
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Natalia Yakovleva 《Geoforum》2011,42(6):708-719
Traditional economic activities, lifestyles and customs of many indigenous peoples in the Russian North, such as reindeer herding, hunting and fishing, are closely linked to quality of the natural environment. These traditional activities that constitute the core of indigenous cultures are impacted by extractive sector activities conducted in and around traditional territories of indigenous peoples. This paper examines implications of an oil pipeline development in Eastern Siberia on the Evenki community in the Aldan district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It examines community concerns about potential environmental damage and impacts on traditional livelihood. The paper analyses the interaction of indigenous communities with the pipeline project through interrogation of elements such as impact assessment, consultation, compensation, benefits, communication and public activism. The paper discusses how state policy and industry’s approach towards land rights and public participation affects the position of indigenous peoples and discusses barriers for their effective engagement. The analysis shows a number of policy failures in the protection of traditional natural resource use of indigenous peoples and provision of benefits with regards to the extractive sector that leave indigenous peoples marginalised in the process of development. There is a need to involve indigenous peoples on the basis of dialogue and partnership, improve regulation and shift industry’s approach towards consideration and engagement. 相似文献
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介绍了满洲里市的自然地理特征。通过大量的水文地质调查、地面物探、工程测量、水文钻探、抽水试验、室内测试分析等方法和手段,确定了满洲里市的地层、构造、地下水水文地质特征,即透水层、隔水层、单位出水量、导水系数、单井出水量、影响半径和水质类型。最后提出开采建议。 相似文献
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This paper presents a finite element parametric study of several variables that affect the stiffness efficiency of rigidly capped pile groups with a view to developing a solution for preliminary design purposes. Previous empirical solutions from linear elastic work had identified a significant dependence of stiffness efficiency on pile group size and group spacing, and in this study, the effect of the pile length-to-diameter ratio, the compressibility of a stiff bearing stratum beneath the pile group and the depth below ground level to the stiff bearing stratum are also considered. Pile groups in a soft clay/silt are modelled using PLAXIS 3D Foundation in conjunction with a soil model that captures the stress dependency of soil stiffness. The trends from the soft soil study have been formulated into a set of equations which can be used to predict the stiffness efficiency of pile groups. This new approach captures more variables than previous simpler empirical prediction methods and performs better when applied to a database of 29 published pile group case histories. 相似文献
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The study presented in this paper constitutes an initial approach to the problematic task of evaluating the effects of possible
climate change on natural water recharge to aquifers. To estimate such effects, a purpose-designed mathematical model termed
Estimation of Recharge in Over-exploited Aquifers (ERAS) has been used. It enables to simulate the monthly water recharge
to an aquifer, provided that prior knowledge of the exploitation to which it is subjected and the variation caused by these
two actions on the piezometric level of the aquifer is available. The basic data required for its application are: precipitation,
temperature, groundwater extraction, stored groundwater surface and storage coefficient. The main advantage presented by this
model is its independence of the mechanism by which water is displaced through the ground and within the unsaturated zone.
The ERAS code was applied to four over-exploited karstic aquifers in Alto Vinalopó (Alicante, Spain) with the goal of generating
a synthesized series of values for natural groundwater recharge in each of the aquifers for the 100 years of the twentieth
century. Each series thus obtained after being grouped into decades was subjected to statistical processing, which revealed
that in every case a logarithmically decreasing trend was present. 相似文献
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Of the various types of road structures, bridges are the most exposed to icing; the problem of icing is widely addressed through salting, which reduces the lifespan of the bridge. One promising solution to avoid the use of salt is the seasonal storage of solar heat energy captured directly through the asphalt layer; however, this solution can only be achieved cost effectively if a necessary geostructure is used as a heat exchanger. In this study, such an approach is studied for a bridge crossing a canal, and the geotechnical and energy-related challenges of such a solution are discussed. Bridge piers and abutments are located on piles, which are used as heat exchangers. Depending on local conditions, seasonal storage and natural thermal reload are two possible solutions for the operation of such a system. In particular, the presence of underground water flow is thought to be a significant factor in such a design and is considered here. This study aims to determine the geotechnical and energy design parameters through thermo-hydro-mechanical simulations. A three-dimensional finite-element model analysis is necessary given the distance between bridge piles. Various underground water flow scenarios are studied. The capture of energy and de-icing requirements is based on the few existing structures that use other means of energy exchange with the ground. The results indicate that the use of heat-exchanger piles for de-icing bridges can only be considered at specific sites; however, the efficiency of the solution at those sites is high. Possible foundation and structure stability problems are also considered, such as vertical displacements due to the dual use of the foundation piles. 相似文献
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本文以大西客运专线高速铁路正交跨越地裂缝带为研究对象,基于有限元数值方法建立了高速铁路地基-地裂缝-路堤动力计算模型,模拟分析了高速列车荷载作用下有、无地裂缝带天然地基上路基的动力响应差异特征及影响规律。计算结果表明:列车荷载作用下无地裂缝带场地,路基动位移、加速度和动应力响应基本平稳,没有明显差异现象;而地裂缝带场地路基动位移、路堤本体内加速度均表现为上盘增大、下盘减小,垂直于线路走向路基动位移、加速度幅值衰减下盘大于上盘,地裂缝对加速度影响的临界深度约为地表以下15 m;地裂缝的存在引起其上盘路基出现动应力降低和下盘动应力增强现象,地裂缝场地沿深度方向路基动应力影响的临界深度为地表以下10 m。上述研究结果可为我国地裂缝发育区高速铁路建设与防灾减灾提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Igor Jemcov 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):543-551
Rational use of karst water resources depends considerably on the existence of a successful approach to estimating karst groundwater potential for exploitation. The term groundwater potential for exploitation involves the application of regulatory measures affecting natural outflow regime. Generally, the concept of controlling the artificial discharge regime is based on two principles. The first one, the “borrowing” of water from deeper (storage) part of storage, is based mainly on the construction of groundwater wells. The second one, considers increasing dynamic reserves by providing additional artificial water storage thereby controlling the groundwater discharge regime, is based on the construction of underground dams. This paper examines how these two concepts can be used to increase potential groundwater usage from two karst springs in Serbia—St. Petka and Peru?ac. The ability to potentially increase the amount of karst ground water available for future exploitation may facilitate and give important directions to the future research. 相似文献
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The use of concrete geostructures for energy extraction and storage in the ground is an environmentally friendly and easy way of cooling and heating buildings. With such energy geostructures, it is possible to transfer energy from the ground to buildings by means of fluid-filled pipes cast in concrete. By injecting thermal energy in summer and extracting it in winter, the ground in the area of a building’s piles can be used for seasonal energy storage, as long as the underground water flow in the storage remains low. This paper is a contribution to the improvement of the knowledge in the field of energy geostructures. The behaviour of a multi-pile seasonal storage system subjected to thermo-mechanical loading is examined numerically from both thermal and mechanical perspectives. The purpose of this paper is (i) to propose a thermo-hydro-mechanical 2D solution to the 3D problem, (ii) to explore the thermal behaviour of this type of storage and (iii) to evaluate its structural consequences. Coupled multi-physical finite element modelling is conducted. The efficiency of the storage is not dramatically affected by an increase in the annual mean temperature of the storage. It is shown that induced mechanical loads are less important when considering a wholly heated pile structure than when considering a single heated pile in a foundation. The evolution of stresses in the piles and in the soil during heating–cooling cycles also reveals possible critical phenomena. 相似文献
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文章以山西霍州辛置煤矿2204工作面为试验研究基地,采用岩石破裂软件RFPA2D模拟开采沉陷过程,研究煤层采动后地表移动及变形的规律;系统地分析了采深采厚比对地表移动及变形的影响。 相似文献
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When designing above‐ground ammunition storage facilities, one has to take into account the debris hazard resulting from accidental explosions. The purpose of this paper is to develop a predictive method for debris dispersion around an ammunition storage site in case of an accidental detonation in a reinforced concrete storage structure. The concrete slabs/walls break up into debris when it is overloaded by the internal blast. The debris velocity is one of the important parameters to describe the debris dispersion. The parameters that affect the debris velocity are complex. This study adopts the energy approach to simplify the formulation. The failure process in a relatively thin concrete slab/wall is treated using the concept of expansion. Based on energy conservation, a general formula is derived for the debris launch velocity in a cubicle structure subjected to internal blast loading. The dynamic strength of concrete and reinforcement are considered in the fracture process. The analytical results are found to be consistent with the relevant experimental results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The leachate produced by the Municipal Solid Waste Landfill of São Pedro da Aldeia (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) flows almost entirely in one direction guided by a natural ditch in the bottom of a gentle valley. This landfill has been in operation with no concern to environmental protection, such as containment systems or leachate drainage and treatment. This inadequate operation causes severe damage to flora, wildlife and local farmers, due to continuous propagation of contaminants in the groundwater. Field and laboratory measurements of ionic concentrations of several contaminants found in the groundwater adjacent the landfill are presented and interpreted in this paper. Several farms are located adjacent to the landfill, comprising about 1,000 inhabitants that use the ground water for personal use and land farming activities. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the environmental hazard to the surrounding properties as the landfill is still in operation. This is accomplished by estimating the maximum distance travelled by the leachate plume based on the statistical interpretation of the measured ionic concentration of several contaminants found commonly in landfills. The main recommendation coming from the statistical assessment is that safe groundwater consumption should be limited to a minimum distance of 400 m from the contamination source, provided that the quality of ground water is continuously monitored while the MSW landfill is still in operation. 相似文献