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1.
Complacency about drinking water security was the order of the day in the Province of Ontario, Canada, until the water supply of the community of Walkerton was contaminated in May 2000. Seven people died and 2300 became seriously ill when runoff from a nearby livestock farm contaminated an improperly constructed municipal well. The Walkerton tragedy, and similar incidents that have occurred in Ontario and elsewhere in North America and Europe during past decades, reflect serious implementation gaps in groundwater protection. In Ontario, many of these implementation gaps relate to shortfalls in local and provincial management capacity. Some local organizations are well served with skilled staff, leaders committed to groundwater protection, effective policies and plans, and sound databases. Unfortunately, many are not, particularly smaller communities in rural areas. Existing implementation gaps were exacerbated in the mid-1990s when the provincial government increased the responsibilities of local agencies while at the same time cutting funding and staffing levels in its own Ministry of the Environment. Recent local and provincial initiatives are beginning to close some implementation gaps. However, key challenges remain. This paper explores factors that shape local capacity for groundwater protection, and highlights ways in which capacity-related implementation gaps may be addressed. The focus is experiences in Ontario, Canada. However, lessons learned are broadly transferable. Chief among these are the importance of financial and technical support for delineation of source water protection zones; legal requirements for source water protection; senior government commitment and leadership; and enhanced local awareness of, and participation in, groundwater management. 相似文献
2.
Sustaining the human ecological benefits of surface water requires carefully planned strategies for reducing the cumulative
risks posed by diverse human activities. Municipal governments in Aksaray City play a key role in developing solutions to
surface water management and protection problems. The responsibility to provide drinking water and sewage works, regulate
the use of private land, and protect public health provides the mandate and authority to take action. A large part of Aksaray
City uses Mamasın dam water as its primary source for drinking water. Several point sources of contamination may result from
direct wastewater discharges from Melendiz and Karasu rivers, which recharge the Mamasın dam watershed. Relevant studies were
carried out for monitoring the eutrophication process, which usually occurs in the static water mass of the Mamasın dam lake.
This process may be caused by the continual increase in nutrients and decrease of O2 levels, causing anaerobic conditions. Stimulated algae growth in these water bodies consequently reduces water quality. Hydrochemical
parameters were evaluated to estimate the types of pollution sources, the level of pollution, and its environmental impacts
on the Mamasın dam drinking water reservoir. 相似文献
3.
天山北麓中段拗陷带地下水库的特征及其开发利用建议 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本文在对天山北麓中段山前拗陷带地下水库的各项特征进行总结的基础上,将天山北麓中段山前拗陷带划分为5个巨型地下水库,它们具有储存量大、补给条件好、调蓄能力强、供水保证程度高、水质优良等诸多优点。进而提出了地下水库勘察评价、开发与保护的4点建议:①尽快开展天山北麓构造洼地巨型地下水库天然和人工调蓄能力的勘察评价,为水资源合理利用提供科学依据;②山前构造洼地巨型地下水库是首选饮水水源和重要的工业供水基地;③优化渠系利用方式,实现地表水与地下水联合利用;④实施地下水保护战略,确保人民群众饮水长治久安。 相似文献
4.
5.
本文根据248个监测站点，36项水质指标的监测数据，依据国家生活饮用水卫生标准，对泰安市农村人畜饮水水质进行了评价。摸清了泰安市农村人畜饮水水质构成、超标参数、分布规律和污染原因，分析出泰安市农村地下水化学异常区、高氟区，并提出了相应的保护措施。 相似文献
6.
喀斯特山地城市新区生态用地保护与开发案例研究——以金阳新区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵阳市金阳新区位于老城区的西北面,对推动贵阳市在北部区域经济发展中享有不可替代的区位优势。本文选择金阳新区进行案例研究,探讨生态用地保护的途径和方法,以期为岩溶山区城市生态规划与建设提供参考。金阳新区通过采用空间管制生态化、绿地系统规划布局、水体空间规划和土地利用生态化等理念和措施,有效保护了生态用地,有林地从2001年的10.22%增加到2010年的22.19%,2010年水体仍保持为2.09%。特别是在基本保障城市建设用地的前提下,在新区中央目前仍保持了相当数量的绿地和水体斑块,环境、功能相得益彰。金阳新区生态建设的成功案例表明,在喀斯特山地城市建设中,要充分考虑对生态用地的规划、保护与开发。 相似文献
7.
寻找地下水应急水源地、建立应急供水机制,是城市发生日常供水障碍时保障居民用水安全、维护社会稳定的重要措施。通过分析常德市规划区水文地质条件,圈定了5个地下水应急水源地,总结了同类型城市地下水应急水源地的选址原则,并从水量、水质、开采能力3个方面对水源地进行了可行性分析。结合现有城市供水管网及地下水开采井保留情况,分别考虑了人均用水量最低标准20 L/d和一般标准50 L/d两种状态下的应急供水方案。应急供水每人20 L/d状态下,保留井的现有供水能力可以满足应急供水需求,而应急供水每人50 L/d状态下,河洑水源地和芦荻山水源地保留井的现有供水能力不足,建议增加开采井以满足应急供水需求。 相似文献
8.
寻找地下水应急水源地、建立应急供水机制,是城市发生日常供水障碍时保障居民用水安全、维护社会稳定的重要措施。通过分析常德市规划区水文地质条件,圈定了5个地下水应急水源地,总结了同类型城市地下水应急水源地的选址原则,并从水量、水质、开采能力3个方面对水源地进行了可行性分析。结合现有城市供水管网及地下水开采井保留情况,分别考虑了人均用水量最低标准20 L/d和一般标准50 L/d两种状态下的应急供水方案。应急供水每人20 L/d状态下,保留井的现有供水能力可以满足应急供水需求,而应急供水每人50 L/d状态下,河洑水源地和芦荻山水源地保留井的现有供水能力不足,建议增加开采井以满足应急供水需求。 相似文献
9.
建立城市应急地下水源地,有利于提高应对水资源危机事件的供水保障能力。本文对湘潭市河西应急地下水源地的水文地质条件进行了详细的研究,认为该水源地由白垩系罗镜滩组(K2lj)灰质砾岩含水层构成,面积较大,厚度稳定,岩溶发育,水量丰富,水质优良,可开采量达78486 m3/d,且稳定可靠。针对2020年规划的湘潭市主城区及九华经开区的146万人口,无论是20 L/人·天还是50 L/人·天标准下的基本饮用水应急需求,均有保障,建议将应急水源地建设纳入城市基础设施建设和水资源开发规划之中,充分保证湘潭市区的供水安全。 相似文献
10.
渭河河谷甘肃段水资源承载能力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在论述渭河河谷甘肃段水资源分布特点及现状利用量和承载量的基础上,分析了水资源的承栽能力,认为区内水资源最佳承载量是355万人,355亿元工业产值和248.5万亩的可灌高效农田.据此提出了城市发展规模的大小,目的是供地方政府规划参考. 相似文献
11.
地下水应急水源地的选取--以合肥市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水应急水源地在保障饮用水安全、维持社会稳定上具有重要意义,本文从水文地质条件、社会经济条件等几个方面对应急水源地的选取原则进行研究,并在合肥市对地下水应急水源地的选取进行示例,为地下水应急水源地选取工作提供参考依据。 相似文献
12.
Farooq Ahmad Dar Jerome Perrin Shakeel Ahmed Allu China Narayana 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(7):1493-1506
About 3 % of India’s total land surface is occupied by carbonate rocks which are mostly karstified and constitute a significant source of groundwater. The groundwater drawn from these aquifers matches the water demand of ~35 million people living in 106 districts of the country and also the water needs of livestock, irrigation and industry. The studies on karst in India carried out so far have mostly addressed geology, hydrology and groundwater contamination. A literature survey suggests that there is a need for detailed research, applying new approaches and techniques for proper carbonate aquifer identification, characterization and management. Such specific approaches will improve modeling, exploitation and protection of karst groundwater. An overview of the research carried out on groundwater resources of karst formations in India is presented, which also throws light on the protection of karst aquifers from existing anthropogenic activities such as mining and groundwater over-exploitation. 相似文献
13.
依据《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》和《饮用水水源保护区划分技术规范》(HJ/T338-2007),对饮用水源保护区进行科学合理划分是实现水资源综合开发、合理利用、积极保护、科学管理的基础工作,也是运用法律、行政、经济手段强化水资源管理的根本保证,是防治水污染、保护水资源的重要措施。饮用水源保护区划分涉及经济社会发展、人类活动影响,地表、地下水资源数量,地表、地下水资源水质,陆地水文、工程地质水文,以及水利、环保等学科内容,是一项技术性较强,涉及学科较多的技术工作。通过饮用水源保护区划分涉及关键技术研究和保护区划分工作的开展,合理确定水源的保护范围和保护目标,为地表、地下水资源的合理开发、保护、利用提供科学依据,以保障供水安全、生态与环境安全。 相似文献
14.
经过近10年的综合治理,三峡库区水环境恶化的趋势虽然有所减缓,但污染依然严重,水体含沙量仍居长江沿线之最。究其原因,主要由于目前库区环境监控能力较弱、水环境治理缺乏法制约束、环境管理机制缺乏活力、环保设施缺乏市场运行手段、库区及上游影响区产业结构不合理、民众生态道德观念淡薄所致。要从根本上解决库区水环境问题,必须导入循环经济和生态经济理念,重建库区及上游影响区生态型产业结构,建立和完善治污处理系统及其市场运行机制,构建相对独立的环境执法运行体制,扩大公众环保知情权,鼓励公众参与环境监督,建立绿色GDP统计体系和地方政府官员环保政绩评价体系,全面推进城市生态化发展步伐,构建现代化的综合性监控预警系统。 相似文献
15.
近年来,莱芜市莱城区张家洼规模化畜禽养殖发展迅速,促进了当地的经济发展,但畜禽养殖用地的规划还处于无序状态,畜禽养殖破坏了环境,影响了村容村貌。为此,莱城区加强畜禽养殖用地管理,加强规划控制,加强畜禽养殖用地规模的核查;推行畜禽养殖用房流转,收取复耕保证金,走大棚养殖特色之路,取得了明显成效。 相似文献
16.
甘肃省是一个生态地质环境十分脆弱的省份。水土流失、土地荒漠化、土壤盐渍化等地质环境问题突出;森林及植被覆盖率低,涵养水源功能弱,环境自净能力差;环境污染现象严重。并且随经济的发展与资源的消耗,生态环境呈恶化之势,已直接影响着人民群众的生存和地方经济的发展。本文重点分析生态地质环境现状,为合理开发利用国土资源、制定地方经济发展规划、促进区域经济可持续发展和生态环境建设及保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
17.
Diffuse pollution from livestock production in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
王晓燕 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(2):189-193
With economic development and living standard improvement, livestock and poultry production has grown up rapidly, also has become the leading source of pollution in vast rural areas in China.The estimated annual loss amount of COD, BOD, NH3-N from manure in 2001 is 7.28 million ton, 4.99 million ton and 1.32 million ton, respectively. The COD loss amount from manure is close to the sum of COD from industrial and domestic wastewater. Because animal waste and wastewater can enter water bodies from spills or breaks of waste storage structures ( due to accidents or excessive rain) , and non-agricultural application of manure to cropland, this contamination has resulted in quality degradation of surface and underground drinking water supplies. Areas with concentrated livestock operations are showing elevated nutrients and organic pollutant contents in surface waters. This widespread contamination of water has prompted governments at various levels to adopt regulations and measures to control the spreading of livestock pollution. 相似文献
18.
为掌握绥芬河市北寒葱河河谷地下水的水质状况,向地方提供合理的水资源开发建议,本研究以地质、水文地质调查、水样采集等手段为基础,利用模糊综合评价法和层级阶梯法分别进行了研究区地下水水质和污染状况评价,应用物探测试、抽水试验等原位测试技术论证了区域地下水的富水性。以上工作基本查明了研究区地下水的水量和水质现状.认为研究区裂隙承压水一般为Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质,污染等级为未污染水,水质状况较好,污染程度较低,宜于饮用;中生代构造破碎带涌水量可达350m3·d-1以上,建议地方政府应重点围绕构造破碎带开展物探找水,并开展地下水源地分区保护规划. 相似文献
19.
Brief Talk of Groundwater Resources in Role of Rural Drinking Water Safety and Construction of City Emergency Water Source 
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下载免费PDF全文 With respect to underground water as a component of water resources, this Paper, by analyzing the distribution, development and utilization of underground water resources in Zhejiang Province, brings forth the advices on setup of underground-water-based emergency water source in various cities in Zhejiang Province in accordance with the principle for selection of underground-water-based emergency water sources for the purpose of properly strengthen the protection of drinking water source (including underground water) in rural areas and properly setting up the emergency water sources in urban areas, so as to provide the scientific basis for protection of water supply security in rural and urban areas. 相似文献
20.
西安市现有21处城市饮用水水源地,供水能力达180.6万t/d,服务人口615.9万人,但水源地保护区污染严重,水质综合达标率不足90%,主要超标项目是氟化物、锰、总氮等。本文在对21处水源地调研的基础上,分析了造成以上问题的成因,针对性的提出了水源地保护的相关对策,以期为西安市城市饮用水水源地保护工作、保障饮用水水源... 相似文献