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针对高速公路边坡稳定性评价中稳定性系数与失稳概率混合使用的现状,结合西部高寒、高海拔、高地震烈度的地质环境特点,提出高速公路边坡稳定性系数与失稳概率之间的转换关系。简述可靠指标相关原理,参考相关规范标准,提出边坡可靠性分级标准;基于GEO-slope中的可靠性分析模块,对岩土体参数进行敏感性分析,发现内摩擦角φ的变异特性对边坡可靠性最为敏感;根据现场调查、室内外试验研究,找出"三高"地区典型岩层岩性的变异范围。以此为基础,统计分析提出适合"三高"地区高速公路边坡稳定性系数与失稳概率之间的转换关系。为"三高"地区边坡稳定性快速评价提供技术支撑,对相关地区高速公路的勘察、设计具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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针对香丽高速公路边坡地质灾害,在详细的道路工程勘察设计文件的基础上,结合现场踏勘调查,系统地研究了其边坡地质灾害的主要类型、发育特征和分布规律;提出高速公路等线性工程边坡灾害的基本地质条件、自然诱发因素、人类工程活动和灾害历史记录等完整信息评价指标。采用层次分析法、专家评分法与因素累积法相结合的研究方法,建立了线性工程边坡地质灾害易发性评价模型,并基于GIS平台完成了香丽高速公路边坡地质灾害的易发性区划。为指导香丽高速公路地质灾害的危险性评价及科学防治提供了重要依据,对类似山区道路等线性工程边坡地质灾害危险性评价研究与实践具有一定的示范作用和参考价值。 相似文献
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根据芜-铜高速公路高边坡的实地调查与评估,论述了高边坡有不同的地层岩性和结构体所确定的边坡岩体结构类型,并且分析了各类边坡岩体结构的变形破坏与失稳模式。同时采用定性及定量分析方法确定岩石高边坡的稳定状况,由此对沿线高边坡的变形与失稳状况做出系统的分析与评价,预测和分析高边坡的变形与失稳破坏,对其提出针对性的防治工程意见与建议。 相似文献
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汤屯高速公路存在大量变质砂岩组成的高边坡,岩体质量一般较好,但结构面发育,组合形成大量潜在失稳块体,这些块体的稳定性状况直接影响边坡安全.本文选取一个典型边坡,通过对边坡结构面详细地质素描,查明构成可能失稳块体的边界条件,并利用块体理论对可能失稳的块体在各种工况下的稳定性进行计算,并结合块体工程特性,对边坡的稳定性进行系统评价.该研究成果对该边坡的支护优化设计提供了基础资料,同时对同类型的边坡设计具有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
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高速公路高边坡发生失稳后,由于受失稳环境和工期影响,无法进行地质详勘,致使失稳边坡设计资料不足。本文以京珠高速粤境段某失稳高边坡为例,利用监测等手段获得设计信息,进行动态设计,及时有效地治理了失稳边坡,既保证了施工工期,又保障了边坡安全。 相似文献
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高速公路类土质路堑边坡是边坡领域的一种重要类型,在工程特性方面与土质边坡或岩质边坡具有明显差异。深入认识该类边坡的工程特性和失稳机理,对该类边坡施工期间的安全建设以及正常运营期间安全评估具有重要意义。基于高速公路类土质路堑边坡工程地质特点、边坡变形影响因素,结合盘兴高速公路K5滑坡变形监测预警实例,提出了采用位移速度比率作为预警参考值的滑坡预警方法,并在松铜一标ZK5 410～485段左侧边坡成功预警,避免了人员伤亡,减轻了经济损失。为类土质路堑边坡工程设计、工后防治、安全运营提供指导。 相似文献
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板岩边坡在国内边坡工程中较为常见,常伴有倾倒变形,在其特有的结构性质影响下边坡失稳频发。通过对苗尾水电站右坝基板岩边坡失稳现象分析,研究了板岩边坡在降入入渗情况下的变形特征,在该基础之上运用稳定理论探讨降雨入渗影响边坡失稳机制,结合实例分析提出了板岩边坡失稳加固关键措施,并通过现场实际检验效果。研究结果表明,板岩边坡的节理特性、开挖坡比、降雨入渗是造成板岩边坡失稳的关键因素,进行加固必须从防雨下渗和束腰加固着手。苗尾水电站右坝基板岩边坡加固后经受住了汛期和炮震的影响,说明边坡失稳认识及加固措施较为准确,对于类似工程具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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《西北地质》2019,(4)
含有多层软弱夹层的顺层岩质边坡开挖时,边坡失稳破坏范围常常为一有限范围,即存在一个失稳破坏临界长度,该长度对边坡稳定性评价和支挡工程设计有着决定性的影响,而如何确定失稳破坏临界长度,目前在工程实践中尚无较为成熟的解决方案,常凭工程人员的经验确定。笔者在对淮口镇西环线K3+115～K3+215段顺层边坡进行详细调查研究基础上,通过数值模拟,对该含多层软弱夹层的顺层边坡的变形破坏过程、变形破坏范围进行了分析,并与已有变形特征进行了对比,证明采用数值模拟分析其变形破坏过程和失稳破坏临界长度是可行的。失稳破坏临界长度的确定为边坡后续的稳定性计算和支挡工程设计提供了依据,达到了预期目的。因此,笔者的分析方法对具有类似特点的顺层边坡具有借鉴价值。 相似文献
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某校体育运动场边坡因场地平整引起多次滑坡。经勘查,分析了其中的滑坡特征及滑坡形成的机理,提出治理方案。实践证明该方案达到了预期的目的。 相似文献
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本文主要以2019年的高分一号卫星(以下简称GF-1)遥感数据为基础,同时收集了1990年、2000年、2010年的ETM数据用以辅助遥感解译工作,查明了东南亚跨境区境内28×104 km2范围内重大工程分布情况,发现研究区重大工程活动主要为水电(水利)工程、交通工程,还有一些矿山工程活动。查明了重大工程扰动滑坡的最新发育分布状况,发现区内对人居环境构成直接威胁的滑坡多达1373处,其中水电工程诱发625处,交通工程诱发723处,矿山工程诱发22处,口岸工程诱发3处。与地质环境的相关分析表明,区内重大工程扰动滑波多发育在海拔0～3000 m之间,坡度25°以上的人类活动频繁的阳坡,岩性主要为软岩、硬岩及软硬相间的工程地质岩组。 相似文献
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走滑断裂型地震诱发的滑坡在断裂两盘的空间分布差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以玉树地震滑坡为实例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、水系、地层岩性、同震地表破裂、地震动峰值加速度(PGA)8个因子,以地震滑坡面积百分比(LAP)与滑坡点密度(LND)为指标,研究走滑断裂型地震诱发滑坡在断裂两盘的空间分布差异。在分析这些影响因子的断裂两盘的差异的基础上,基于LAP与LND两个指标详细分析断裂两盘每个因子内部级别滑坡发育的情况。结果表明,总体上北盘的滑坡较南盘发育,除了个别因子级别内南北盘滑坡差别较大外,大部分表现为南北盘滑坡分布情况类似。总之,玉树地震滑坡在断裂两盘的空间分布基本类似,只是在某些因子分级内存在一定的差异。 相似文献
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Statistical analysis of landslides caused by the Mw 6.9 Yushu,China, earthquake of April 14, 2010 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The April 14, 2010 Yushu, China, earthquake (Mw 6.9) triggered a great number of landslides. At least 2,036 co-seismic landslides, with a total coverage area of 1.194 km2, were delineated by visual interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images taken following the earthquake, and verified by field inspection. Based on the mapping results, a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of these landslides is performed using the landslide area percentage (LAP), defined as the percentage of the area affected by the landslides, and landslide number density (LND), defined as the number of landslides per square kilometer. The purpose is to clarify how the landslides correlate the control factors, which are the elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope position, distance from drainages, lithology, distance from the surface rupture, and peak ground acceleration (PGA). The results show that both LAP and LND have strongly positive correlations with slope angle and negative correlations with distance from the surface rupture and distance from drainages. The highest LAP and LPD values are in places of elevations from 3,800 to 4,000 m. The slopes producing landslides are mostly facing toward NE, E, and SE. The geological units of Q4 al-pl, N, and T3 kn 1 have the highest concentrations of co-seismic landslides. No apparent correlations are present between LAP and LND values and PGA. On both sides of the surface rupture, the landslide distributions are almost similar except a few exceptions, likely associated with the nature of the strike-slip seismogenic fault for this event. The bivariate statistical analysis shows that, in descending order, the earthquake-triggered landslide impact factors are distance from surface rupture > slope angle > distance from drainages > lithology > PGA. Besides, as the detailed co-seismic landslides inventories related to strike-slip earthquakes are still few compared with that of thrusting-fault earthquakes, this case study would shed new light on the subject. For instance, the landslide spatial distribution on both sides of the strike-slip seismogenic fault is rather different from that of thrusting-fault earthquakes. It reminds us to take different strategies of measures for prevention and mitigation of landslides induced by earthquakes with different mechanisms. 相似文献
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黄土高原滑坡灾害形成动力学机制 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
滑坡灾害是威胁黄土高原人民生命和财产安全、城镇与重大工程建设与运营的重大地质问题。针对黄土高原滑坡灾害形成的动力学机制问题,在大量的调查统计、试验与理论分析基础上,总结得出区域构造应力是黄土高原滑坡高发的主要驱动力,它是滑坡分区分带群发的控制因素,是黄土滑坡的"第一元凶";边坡构造应力既造就了结构面,又不断地改造和松动着结构面,持续地肢解着边坡的完整性,它是单体滑坡形成的主要驱动力,是黄土滑坡的"第二元凶";黄土是一种特殊的结构土,具有极强的水敏性,在土体应力驱动下极易灾变,黄土的这种易灾特性是土体灾变的内在原因,是黄土滑坡的"第三元凶";大量的滑坡发生都与水有关,地表水大量渗入黄土浅表部,会引起浅表崩塌和溜滑灾害,而当水沿着微、细、宏观优势通道进入黄土深部后,就可能引起深层滑坡,因此,动水渗透作用是黄土滑坡的"主凶";工程扰动既会改变边坡原有的应力状态,进而扩展和松动已有的结构面,现今,工程扰动已经成为一种诱发地质灾害的重要地质营力,是黄土滑坡的"帮凶"。 相似文献
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Landslides triggered by slipping-fault-generated earthquake on a plateau: an example of the 14 April 2010, Ms 7.1, Yushu, China earthquake 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
On 14 April 2010 at 07:49 (Beijing time), a catastrophic earthquake with Ms 7.1 struck Yushu County, Qinghai Province, China. A total of 2,036 landslides were interpreted from aerial photographs and satellite images, verified by selected field checking. These landslides cover about a total area of 1.194 km2. The characteristics and failure mechanisms of these landslides are presented in this paper. The spatial distribution of the landslides is evidently strongly controlled by the locations of the main co-seismic surface fault ruptures. The landslides commonly occurred close together. Most of the landslides are small; there were only 275 individual landslide (13.5 % of the total number) surface areas larger than 1,000 m2. The landslides are of various types. They are mainly shallow, disrupted landslides, but also include rock falls, deep-seated landslides, liquefaction-induced landslides, and compound landslides. Four types of factors are identified as contributing to failure along with the strong ground shaking: natural excavation of the toes of slopes, which mean erosion of the base of the slope, surface water infiltration into slopes, co-seismic fault slipping at landslide sites, and delayed occurrence of landslides due to snow melt or rainfall infiltration at sites where slopes were weakened by the co-seismic ground shaking. To analyze the spatial distribution of the landslides, the landslide area percentage (LAP) and landslide number density (LND) were compared with peak ground acceleration (PGA), distance from co-seismic main surface fault ruptures, elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, and lithology. The results show landslide occurrence is strongly controlled by proximity to the main surface fault ruptures, with most landslides occurring within 2.5 km of such ruptures. There is no evident correlation between landslide occurrences and PGA. Both LAP and LND have strongly positive correlations with slope gradient, and additionally, sites at elevations between 3,800 and 4,000 m are relatively susceptible to landslide occurrence; as are slopes with northeast, east, and southeast slope aspects. Q4 al-pl, N, and T3 kn 1 have more concentrated landslide activity than others. This paper provides a detailed inventory map of landslides triggered by the 2010 Yushu earthquake for future seismic landslide hazard analysis and also provides a study case of characteristics, failure mechanisms, and spatial distribution of landslides triggered by slipping-fault generated earthquake on a plateau. 相似文献
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Quanfu Niu Xinghai Dang Yuefeng Li Yingxue Zhang Xiaolin Lu Wenxing Gao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(7):294
Loess Plateau is one of the ecologically fragile regions in China. It is one of the slippery strata of which landslides often developed. The formation and development of landslides are mainly affected by various natural environments, triggering factors, the vulnerability of landslide-bearing bodies, and topography has a controlling effect on landslides and determines landslide distribution. As important environmental elements, the selection and reclassification of topographic factors are the basis for loess landslide vulnerability map. In this study, our research suggests an effective workflow to select and analyze the topographic factors in the loess landslides. Nine hazard-formative environmental factors [e.g., slope, aspect, slope shape (SS), slope of slope (SOS), slope of aspect (SOA), surface amplitude (SA), surface roughness (SR), incision depth (ID) and elevation variation coefficient (EVC)] are prepared for landslide suitability analysis. The models of certainty factor, sensitivity index and correlation coefficient are combined to select and analyze the suitability of these factors. Four topographic factors (i.e., slope, SOS, SS and SR) were ultimately selected to carry out the landslide vulnerability mapping with other factors. Our results showed that most of the landslides were located in medium and high classes and accounting for 75.3%, and these places also coincided with higher economies and intense human activities. Our research also suggested that in situ measurements are necessary to determine how to reclassify these topographic factors and how many grades these topographic factors divided, which would further improve the reliability of landslide vulnerability map for the decision makers to deal with the possible future landslides in terms of safety and human activities. 相似文献
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Liu Cong Li Shucai Zhou Zongqing Li Liping Shi Shaoshuai Wang Meixia Gao Chenglu 《Natural Hazards》2020,102(3):1451-1474
Submarine landslides are a common type of disaster which threaten property and the safety of human life. To effectively prevent and control such disasters, we conduct a series of large-scale physical model tests to determine the mechanism of submarine landslides. First, a large-scale physical model test system is designed and developed, including flume test frame, wave-making system, wave-absorbing system, and data monitoring system. In the tests, we investigate the effect of different sea waves by changing the parameters of the wave-making system and the influence of the slope inclination by constructing different models. Data regarding the wave pressure acting on the slope surface, seepage pressure, and displacement are monitored during the test procedure. The test results show that the seepage pressure in the faults varies cyclically with the sea waves and is lower at internal points than at outcrops. If the wave loading time is sufficiently long, the seepage pressure and displacement deformation in the fault zone will gradually increase. In other words, failures in fault zones precede submarine landslides. The weak fault zone provides the preferred sliding surface, and the sea waves supply the external dynamic energy for submarine landslides. The conclusions provide guidelines for similar engineering and research.
相似文献19.
川藏交通廊道典型高位滑坡地质力学模式 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
川藏交通廊道穿越青藏高原东缘高山峡谷区,大型—巨型高位滑坡多发频发,是铁路、高速公路等交通设施规划建设必须考虑的重要因素。在区域成灾地质背景分析和现场调查的基础上,以地貌特征、斜坡岩体结构、促发条件等为基本要素,总结归纳了川藏交通廊道典型高位滑坡的6类地质力学模式,包括:堆积体滑移型、顺层滑移拉裂型、卸荷剪断型、岩溶贯通拉裂型、崩滑溃散型和构造控制型等。结合典型高位滑坡案例,重点剖析了各类滑坡启动的简化力学机制,并给出了相应的成因解析。综合考虑不同类型高位滑坡的控制因素和易发性分区结果,初步圈定了川藏铁路雅安—林芝段高位滑坡易发靶区,对高位滑坡隐患早期识别、重大工程选址选线和防灾减灾具有重要的指导作用。 相似文献
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Two environmental assessments considered the potential cumulative environmental impacts resulting from the development of eight proposed hydropower projects in the Nooksack River Basin and 11 proposed projects in the Skagit River Basin, North Cascades, Washington, respectively. While not identified as a target resource, slope stability and the alteration of sediment supply to creeks and river mainstems significantly affect other resources. The slope stability assessment emphasized the potential for cumulative impacts under disturbed conditions (e.g., road construction and timber harvesting) and a landslide-induced pipeline rupture scenario. In the case of smallscale slides, the sluicing action of ruptured pipeline water on the fresh landslide scarp was found to be capable of eroding significantly more material than the original landslide. For large-scale landslides, sluiced material was found to be a small increment of the original landslide. These results predicted that hypothetical accidental pipeline rupture by small-scale landslides may result in potential cumulative impacts for 12 of the 19 projects with pending license applications in both river basins. 相似文献