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1.
铌钽矿研究进展和攀西地区铌钽矿成因初探 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
铌钽矿主要产出类型包括伟晶岩型、富Li-F花岗岩型、碱性侵入岩型、碳酸岩型及冲积砂矿型。前2种类型以钽为主,后3种则以铌占主导。铌和钽大多以铌钽独立矿物(铌铁矿、钽铁矿、细晶石、烧绿石等)呈浸染状分布于含矿岩石中,也有部分以类质同象的形式分布于云母、榍石、霓石、钛铁矿等矿物中。关于铌钽矿的富集机制,一些学者认为可由富F-Na和稀有金属(铌、钽等)的花岗质熔体经结晶分异作用形成;另一些学者则根据铌钽矿化与岩石的钠长石化、锂云母化等紧密共生的特点,认为铌钽的富集是岩浆期后流体交代早期形成的花岗岩所致。攀西(攀枝花-西昌)地区的铌钽矿床(化)基本上都是沿着断裂带分布,矿体赋存于印支期碱性岩脉(碱性正长伟晶岩)中,有少数存在于碱性花岗岩中,与区域上邻近的正长岩体及花岗岩体关系密切。其矿石矿物主要为烧绿石、褐钇铌矿等。初步推断,攀西地区的铌钽矿与二叠纪地幔柱活动有关。碱性的正长岩体及花岗岩体与广泛分布的峨眉山玄武岩、辉长岩均是地幔柱岩浆活动的产物,长英质岩体(包括正长岩体和花岗岩体)是富铌钽岩石的母岩体。碱性伟晶岩脉(如炉库和白草地区)是碱性岩浆逐步演化的产物,含矿的碱性花岗岩是花岗质岩浆分异演化的结果。此外,在该地区的铌钽矿床中,铌钽矿物几乎都富集在钠长石化发育的地段,说明后期的热液交代对铌钽的富集也起到了一定作用。因此,攀西地区铌钽的富集是岩浆结晶分异和岩浆期后热液交代共同作用的结果。 相似文献
2.
南岭地区锡钨多金属矿成矿作用主要与燕山早期花岗岩岩浆活动有关,这些花岗岩一直被认为是黑云母花岗岩、二长花岗岩、细粒二长花岗岩等,少量矿区岩体顶部出现钠长石花岗岩。通过对湖南瑶岗仙钨矿岩体的深入解剖,以及对杮竹园、黄沙坪、锡田、邓阜仙、栗木、梅子窝等矿区花岗岩全面的岩矿鉴定和电子探针分析,确定钨矿区致矿花岗岩的长石主要为碱性长石,其中绝大部分样品中钠长石An<5,因此确定这些花岗岩均属于碱长花岗岩。与成矿有关的由浆液过渡态流体形成的云英岩包体中的钠长石更加富Na,An<3。碱长花岗岩的成分以及钠长石成分在岩体顶部约1 000 m深度范围内无明显垂向变化。致矿花岗岩体中部分早期花岗岩包体、晚期花岗斑岩,部分花岗岩基以及印支期花岗岩、加里东期花岗闪长岩等,钠(斜)长石An值明显高,很多属更长石、中长石甚至基性长石。这种包含有两种碱性长石的碱长花岗岩由富挥发分的岩浆形成,在岩体顶部附近广泛发生液态不混溶作用,是导致锡钨多金属矿富集成矿的主要分异方式。钨锡矿区碱长花岗岩钠长石An值明显低于区域大花岗岩基或不致矿花岗岩,可作为花岗岩的钨锡成矿评价标志之一。 相似文献
3.
在栗木矿田沟挂垒钻孔深部发现花岗岩体下部有厚度大于190m的二云母花岗岩,通过对二云母花岗岩以及上部白云母花岗岩的岩相学研究和分析对比,认为该区第二阶段的花岗岩上部为白云母花岗岩,在深部相变为二云母花岗岩,岩体中、上部的白云母花岗岩相主要是二云母花岗岩不同程度蚀变交代形成的,而不是岩浆就地重力分离结晶形成的,其蚀变程度相当于该区含矿花岗岩体矿化蚀变带下部的钾长石化带。无斑的白云母花岗岩相在钾长石化带中蚀变最强,最靠近主矿化蚀变带,有重要的找矿意义。各岩相的化学分析表明,W、Sn、Nb、Ta的矿化富集可能与岩浆气液分离作用或深部岩浆分异有关。 相似文献
4.
内蒙古武川县赵井沟钽铌多金属矿床是近年来华北板块北缘新发现的大型稀有金属矿床,然而前人对该矿床的形成时代以及构造背景存在较大争议。本文以与成矿关系密切的天河石化花岗岩和钠长石化花岗岩为研究对象,开展了岩相学、岩石地球化学、岩浆和热液锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素的研究,探讨了岩浆源区性质和成岩成矿的构造环境。研究结果表明,钠长石化花岗岩中热液锆石加权平均年龄为118.9 ± 1.8Ma;天河石化花岗岩岩浆锆石年龄为116±2Ma,热液锆石加权平均年龄结果为112.8±2.2Ma;热液锆石年龄略晚于岩浆锆石,说明热液锆石是在岩浆演化最后的熔体-流体相互作用阶段形成的。天河石化花岗岩和钠长石化花岗岩在主量元素上富硅、碱和铝,贫镁、钙、铁、钛和磷;在微量元素上均富集Rb、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Hf,强烈亏损Ba、Sr;其轻重稀土元素分异不明显,具有强烈的Eu负异常。岩体中发育以钠长石化,天河石化为主的蚀变,稀土元素呈现似M型"四分组"效应,Nb/Ta小于5,表明天河石化、钠长石化花岗岩经历了熔体和流体的相互作用。Lu-Hf同位素分析结果显示较负的ε_(Hf)(t)值(天河石化花岗岩:-10.91～-8.17;钠长石化花岗岩:-10.98～-9.19),其对应的两阶段模式年龄t_(DM2)分别为1689～1867Ma和1762～1871Ma,暗示富含Nb、Ta的中元古代渣尔泰山群、白云鄂博群为其岩浆源岩或提供了成岩、成矿物质。燕山晚期伸展的构造背景下,玄武质岩浆高位底侵富铌钽地壳造成减压部分熔融而形成的岩浆,岩浆在F、Cl等挥发组分的作用下发生结晶分异作用,造成铌、钽等成矿物质初步富集,并在岩浆晚期先后发生了以钠长石化、天河石化为代表的两期自交代作用及Nb、Ta的矿化作用,形成赵井沟钽铌多金属稀有矿床,该矿床为岩浆结晶分异-热液自交代作用混合成因。 相似文献
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云南个旧碱性岩体主要的岩石类型有碱性正长岩和似长石正长岩,其中,似长石正长岩中出现大量似长石矿物霞石、方钠石和碱性暗色矿物。本文根据矿物成分及特征,将这些似长石正长岩进一步划分为黑榴霞石方钠正长岩、霞石方钠正长岩、霞石正长岩及方钠霞石正长岩4类。岩石地球化学结果表明,4类岩石的地球化学行为整体表现出过碱质岩的特征,K2O+Na2O含量很高,为钾玄岩系列,同时表现出钾质的特点。分异指数高,呈现高度分异演化特点。稀土元素变化大,轻重稀土元素分异明显,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Th、U及Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr大离子亲石元素,而P和高场强元素Ta、Ti亏损,同时Cr、Co、Ni含量非常低,具有中等的负Eu异常和微弱的负Ce异常。研究表明,似长石正长岩在岩浆演化过程中表现出明显的分离结晶作用特征,且岩浆起源温度较高,约为835℃,起源较深。个旧似长石正长岩为A型岩套A1亚型,结合构造判别图解,认为其可能来自角闪石或者金云母相矿物存在的富集地幔,形成于燕山晚期伸展的构造背景,岩浆在较高温度下高度结晶分异,并在侵位过程中伴随陆壳成分的混染。 相似文献
6.
卡房矿床位于个旧矿田东南部,矿区花岗岩为致矿岩体,以往对花岗岩的研究也较多,对花岗岩的定名为:黑云母花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩或者黑云母斜长花岗岩等等。通过对卡房花岗岩进行系统的岩矿鉴定和电子探针分析,发现长石为碱性长石(钾长石和钠长石),钠长石的An值均小于等于5。因此最终确定卡房岩体花岗岩为碱长花岗岩。而这种碱长花岗岩由富挥发分的岩浆形成,液态不混溶作用广泛发育于岩体顶部附近,是锡多金属矿富集成矿的主要分异方式,钠长石的An值可部分作为花岗岩成矿属性的评价标识之一。 相似文献
7.
近年来,九岭南缘同安-白水洞地区取得了重大找矿突破,发现了多处大型、超大型蚀变花岗岩型锂矿床,系统梳理该地区锂矿成矿地质特征对于总结区域成矿规律,指导下一步找矿勘查具有重要意义。笔者通过详细的野外地质调查和钻孔编录,并结合前人研究成果,将九岭南缘燕山期花岗岩划分为4个阶段,其岩性从老到新依次为中细-中粗粒斑状二云母二长花岗岩→中细粒含斑（少斑）二云母二长花岗岩→细粒二云母二长花岗岩→中细粒白云母二长花岗岩,各岩性之间呈明显的侵入接触关系。其中晚阶段白云母二长花岗岩与锂矿具有成矿专属性,并常超覆于其他燕山期岩体之上,内部见有早期岩体的捕虏体。以w（Li2O）≥ 0.20%圈定锂矿体,矿体主要分布于白水洞岩体上部的中、强钠长石化白云母二长花岗岩中,同时有少量的伟晶岩和细晶岩矿体,局部花岗岩围岩被矿化,但下部弱钠长石化白云母二长花岗岩及地表局部地段白云母二长花岗岩不含矿。锂主要赋存于锂白云母和锂云母中,脉石矿物主要为钠长石、石英、钾长石、云母等。燕山期花岗岩蚀变普遍且较强烈,蚀变类型主要有钾长石化、钠长石化、白（锂）云母化、云英岩化、黄玉化等。白（锂）云母化表现为围绕原生白云母边缘发育交代的白云母和锂云母,同时与钠长石化紧密伴生。成矿作用主要发生在碱交代阶段,局部叠加云英岩化（酸交代）阶段。上述特征表明九岭南缘蚀变花岗岩型锂矿为热液作用的碱交代阶段富集成矿。结合水系沉积物异常特征,笔者初步总结了该地区锂矿成矿要素,建立了找矿标志,并圈定了陈家里-新庵里、港口-东坑、三角岭-东窝里、张家里-窑场里等地区作为下一步重点找矿靶区,为九岭南缘蚀变花岗岩型锂矿勘查提供参考。 相似文献
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通过对湖南湘东钨矿三类花岗岩系统的岩矿鉴定和探针分析,确定燕山早期花岗岩中的长石为碱性长石,钠长石An5,大多数样品An3;而印支期花岗岩的斜长石An=10~15,为更长石。因此,确定邓阜仙复式岩体的岩性,分别为印支期的粗粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、燕山早期的中粒斑状白云母碱长花岗岩和细粒碱长花岗岩。系统的常量、微量元素地球化学研究也显示出燕山早期岩浆作用明显不同于印支期花岗岩,具有富硅、偏铝、富钙碱等特点,燕山早期花岗岩为碱长花岗岩,和南岭地区与脉型钨矿有关碱长花岗岩一致。成矿与燕山早期花岗岩浆活动有关。 相似文献
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文中提出了奥长花岗岩成因的一种模式—通过富Na变质流体的渗透使花岗岩转化成奥长花岗岩。Alabama Piedmont北部Rockford花岗岩作为这个过程的一个实例,它以同变质的过铝奥长花岗岩—花岗岩组合为特征。从花岗岩到奥长花岗岩转化的主要作用是通过挥发性流体介质使长石和云母相中的K阳离子被Na阳离子置换。奥长花岗岩全岩δ~(18)O值和K/Na比值负相关,这一关系表示被改造的花岗质岩石与富Na和~(18)O变质成因的流体之间局部的处于再平衡。黑云母分解成富Al绿帘石—钠云母一次生石英集合体的过程也与Na交代作用有关,同时Al绿帘石和次生锆石取代了磷灰石。在奥长花岗中罕见原生岩浆成因斜长石的钠长石化,并且见到岩浆成因石榴石外缘生长的钙铝榴石反应边。上述现象表明了碱交代过程中钙的活动性。交代相代替岩浆相显不出在渗流交代过程中所发生的化学变化。与花岗岩相比,奥长花岗岩在这个过程中P_2O_5、Th、U、Rb、K_2O、V、Sn、F、MgO、Pb、TiO_2、FcO~*和Li发生了亏损,而CaO、Na_2O、Zr、Sr富集。其它元素如Cr、MnO、Cu、Zn、Co、Ba、SiO_2、Ni、Al_2O_2在交代过程中表现为相对稳定。这种渗流交代作用大概出现在递增区域变质作用期间,是在角闪岩相变质沉积岩中产生的不连续流体相的影响下发生的。很明显花岗岩中片理作为流体流动的通道,加强了反应的渗透性,在长石中Na对K的置换使其摩尔体积降低8％。变质流体中Na和Sr可能来源于变质沉积岩围岩中的钠云母。Rb和K可能保留于变沉积岩的黑云母之中。Ontario东南SilenfLake侵入体可能发生与Rockford花岗岩类似的碱交代作用。 相似文献
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11.
大龙山岩体和城山岩体的铅同位素组成特征及其成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
详细研究了大龙山岩体和城山岩体钾长石的铅同位素组成,并参考这些岩体的黑云母化学成分、锶同位素、稀土元素、岩石化学和地球物理资料,发现它们是多阶段侵入的复式岩体,与庐枞火山岩系有渊源关系,属燕山晚期岩浆活动的产物。它们的初始成岩物质来源于上地幔部分熔融,岩浆上升侵位过程中已不同程度地受到了上部地壳的混染。经计算,其中约有61.6％的铅来自上地幔,约有38.4％铅来自上地壳,该区陆壳的乎均年龄约26亿年,陆壳在演化过程中具有富铀的趋势。这些岩体与深大断裂和地幔隆起有成因上的密切联系。 相似文献
12.
Beyene G.Haile Urszula Czarniecka Kelai Xi Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora Jens Jahren Alvar Braathen Helge Hellevang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(2):629-649
Sedimentary basins containing igneous intrusions within sedimentary reservoir units represent an important risk in petroleum exploration. The Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic sediments at Wilhelm?ya(Svalbard) contains reservoir heterogeneity as a result of sill emplacement and represent a unique case study to better understand the effect of magmatic intrusions on the general burial diagenesis of siliciclastic sediments. Sills develop contact metamorphic aureoles by conduction as presented in many earlier studies. However, there is significant impact of localized hydrothermal circulation systems affecting reservoir sediments at considerable distance from the sill intrusions. Dolerite sill intrusions in the studied area are of limited vertical extent(～12 m thick), but created localized hydrothermal convection cells affecting sediments at considerable distance(more than five times the thickness of the sill)from the intrusions. We present evidence that the sedimentary sequence can be divided into two units:(1) the bulk poorly lithified sediment with a maximum burial temperature much lower than 60-70 ℃,and(2) thinner intervals outside the contact zone that have experienced hydrothermal temperatures(around 140 ℃). The main diagenetic alteration associated with normal burial diagenesis is minor mechanical plastic deformation of ductile grains such as mica. Mineral grain contacts show no evidence of pressure dissolution and the vitrinite reflectance suggests a maximum temperature of ～40 ℃. Contrary to this, part of the sediment, preferentially along calcite cemented flow baffles, show evidence of hydrothermal alteration. These hydrothermally altered sediment sections are characterized by recrystallized carbonate cemented intervals. Further, the hydrothermal solutions have resulted in localized sericitization(illitization) of feldspars, albitization of both K-feldspar and plagioclase and the formation of fibrous illite nucleated on kaolinite. These observations suggest hydrothermal alteration at T 120-140 ℃ at distances considerably further away than expected from sill heat dissipation by conduction only, which commonly affect sediments about twice the thickness of the sill intrusion. We propose that carbonate-cemented sections acted as flow baffles already during the hydrothermal fluid mobility and controlled the migration pathways of the buoyant hot fluids. Significant hydrothermally induced diagenetic alterations affecting the porosity and hence reservoir quality was not noted in the noncarbonate-cemented reservoir intervals. 相似文献
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盘山花岗岩裂隙水研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
盘山花岗岩裂隙水起源于大气降水，赋存于各种成因的裂隙中，裂隙水年龄从小于４ａ到接近４０ａ，差异较大。裂隙水中常量元素和微量元素主要来源于长石类矿物的水解，特别是钙长石的水解，其中ＳｉＯ２和Ｓｒ在裂隙水中含量较高，已达到饮用矿泉水标准。裂隙水可开采资源量多年平均为１２９１．５６万ｍ＾３／ａ，富水规律明显。 相似文献
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文章采用了新型自动矿物相识别技术（INCA Mineral）对中国北方10个沙漠盆地以及蒙古戈壁沉积物的碎屑长石开展了矿物定量研究。钾长石/钠长石和钙质斜长石/石英的比值指示了沙漠沉积物的长石矿物含量特征,表现出显著的地球化学区域分布特证。沿着青藏高原北部边缘分布的塔克拉玛干、柴达木、腾格里、巴丹吉林与毛乌素沙漠的沉积物中两种长石矿物比值均较低;中亚造山带以北的古尔班通古特、蒙古戈壁、浑善达克、呼伦贝尔和科尔沁沙漠的沉积物中两种长石矿物指标均具有较高值。长石矿物含量特征揭示的“两单元”区域分布结果,可以由过去采用Nd-Sr-Hf同位素示踪结果来验证。东亚沙漠长石含量的二元空间分布特征,支持了构造成山控制盆地沉积物矿物成分的假说。黄土高原末次冰期黄土的长石含量特征,与青藏高原北缘的长石分布特征一致,该区域可能是末次冰期黄土高原物质的主要来源,但也并不排除中亚造山带物质通过远距离搬运传输对末次冰期风尘的贡献。 相似文献
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Improved Inter‐calibration of Faraday Cup and Ion Counting for In Situ Pb Isotope Measurements Using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS: Application to the Study of the Origin of the Fangshan Pluton,North China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Wen Zhang Zhaochu Hu Lu Yang Yongsheng Liu Keqing Zong Haijin Xu Haihong Chen Shan Gao Lei Xu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2015,39(4):467-487
A laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) method was developed to obtain precise and accurate Pb isotopic ratio measurements in low‐Pb materials (< 10 μg g?1) using a combination of Faraday cups and ion counters (FC–IC). The low abundance 204Pb (~ 1.4%) was collected using an IC. A NBS 981 standard solution was used to cross‐calculate the FC–IC gain and to investigate the signal response characteristics of the IC. A significant, continuous and linear decrease in the FC–IC gain was observed within 1 hr, but this drift could be corrected using the calibrator‐sample‐calibrator bracketing method. In addition, a non‐linear response of the IC used in this study was observed and corrected by a non‐linear correction algorithm, which was established by measuring a series of gravimetrically prepared NBS 981 standard solutions (NIST SRM 981). Compared with the conventional arrangement, the use of the newly designed X skimmer cone and Jet sample cone improved the signal intensities from Pb isotopes by a factor of 1.9. Compared with only Faraday cups, using a combination FC–IC array was found to enhance the measurement repeatability (RSD) of 20xPb/204Pb by approximately one order of magnitude when the 204Pb intensity was < 8 mV. Eight natural glasses and the NIST SRM 612 reference material glass (as a calibration material) were measured to evaluate the new protocol for Pb isotope determination. The analytical results were in agreement with the reference values within 2s measurement uncertainties. For MPI‐DING ATHO‐G (5.67 μg g?1 total Pb), KL2‐G (2.07 μg g?1 total Pb) and ML3B‐G (1.38 μg g?1 total Pb), the typical accuracies of 20xPb/204Pb were 0.09% of preferred values with precisions of < 0.33% (2RSD). The Pb isotope ratios in feldspars from granodiorite and within mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) from the Fangshan pluton, North China, were measured using the present method. The Pb isotopic compositions of feldspars from the whole host granodiorite show that that are radiogenic in the margin zone and gradually become less radiogenic. For the MMEs, the Pb isotopic compositions of feldspars are highly variable and overlap with those of the whole host granodiorite. For single‐grain feldspar, the strong rim‐core‐rim variations of the Pb isotopic compositions and trace elements are interpreted to have been generated via magma mixing. These results suggest that the Fangshan pluton underwent magma mixing of mantle‐derived mafic magmas with felsic magmas, and the proportion of the mafic magma influx decreased over time. 相似文献
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Abstract. The Cornubian Batholith comprises six major and several smaller bodies of S‐type granite in southwestern England. These late‐Variscan granites comprise two‐mica granites, and much less abundant Li‐mica granites that are restricted to one of the major bodies (St Austell) and smaller bodies. Some of these intrusive rocks are associated with major Sn mineralization. This paper is concerned with the geochemistry of the two‐mica granites, which are felsic, strongly peraluminous, and have a high total alkali content and low Na:K. Rocks with very similar compositions to these granites occur elsewhere, including the Variscan granites of continental Europe, and in southeastern Australia. In detail all of the major plutons of this batholith have distinctive compositions, except for Bodmin Moor and Carnmenellis which cannot be discriminated from each other compositionally. A comparison with experimental data shows that the granites attained their major element composition under conditions of crystal‐liquid equilibrium, with the final melt being saturated in H2O, at temperatures close to 770d?C and pressures about 50 MPa. That temperature estimate is in good agreement with values obtained from zircon saturation thermometry. The specific minimum‐temperature composition excludes the possibility of widespread transfer of elements during hydrothermal alteration. Minor elements that are relatively very abundant are Li, B, Cs and U, while F, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sn, Ta, W and Tl are quite abundant and P is high for felsic rocks. Sr, Ba, and the trace transition metals Sc to Zn, are low, but not as low as they commonly are in very felsic granites. These trace element abundances, and the EL2O‐saturation, resulted from the fractional crystallization of a melt derived by the partial melting of feldspathic greywackes in the crust. The Cornubian granites have compositions very similar to the more felsic rocks of the Koetong Suite of southeastern Australia, where a full range of granites formed at the various stages of magmatic fractionation postulated for the Cornubian granites, can be observed. The operation of fractional crystallization in the Cornubian granites is confirmed by the high P abundances in the feldspars, with P contents of the plagioclase crystals correlating with Ab‐con‐tent Most of the granites represent solidified melt compositions but within the Dartmoor pluton there is a significant component of granites that are cumulative, shown by their higher Ca contents. The Cornubian plutons define areas of high heat flow, of a magnitude which requires that fractionated magmas were transported laterally from their sources and concentrated in the exposed plutons. The generation of these granite plutons therefore involved magmatic fractionation during the stages of partial melting, removal of unmelted material from that melt, and fractional crystallization. During the later stages of those processes, movement of those magmas occurred on a crustal scale. 相似文献
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金矿物统计研究中容易忽略的问题 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
当前的金矿物统计工作大多局限于颗粒数百分比计算,而且常常把粒比简单地等同于重量比,这在理论上的实践上均是错误的。金矿物配分的本质是重量上的配分。根据物质的三维尺度特性,在光片中可以用面积比代替重量比;而在重砂分析中应尽量直接测定金矿物的质量,否则只能用体积比代重量比。 相似文献
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甘肃省黑河干流细土平原区灌溉水入渗运移的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
西北干旱地带农业区的灌溉水入渗是地下水补给的重要途径。在甘肃省黑河干流细土平原区，利用中子仪和负压计观测了灌溉水入渗时包气带的含水率和土水势的变化，初步分析了灌溉水入渗运移规律，确定了灌溉水入渗补给系数随地下水埋深的变化，为本区进行地下水资源评价奠定了基础。 相似文献