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1.
伶仃河口湾铜鼓水域水沙净输运分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
根据对珠江伶仃河口湾铜鼓水域丰水期９个测站大、中、小潮三次同步水文泥沙资料及５７个底质样品的分析结果,本文讨论了此水域的水沙净输运趋势。结果表明,铜鼓水域表层余流向海,浅滩测站中底层余流指向河口方向,欧拉余流主要由径流构成。沟槽悬沙输运以净平流作用为主,浅滩区则以向上游的潮抽吸输运为主。沉积物净输运趋势显示铜鼓浅滩是海陆双向底质输运的汇聚地带 相似文献
2.
基于2017年12月在烟台港近岸海域6个站位大、小潮期的海流和悬沙同步观测资料,分析了悬浮泥沙浓度的时空变化规律,利用悬浮泥沙通量机制分解方法计算了研究区的悬浮泥沙输运通量,并初步讨论了潮流作用下悬浮泥沙的输运机制。结果表明,研究区各站位悬浮泥沙含量大潮期大于小潮期;大潮期各站位悬浮泥沙浓度多出现2～4个峰值,小潮期各站位悬浮泥沙浓度变化较为复杂,其规律性较弱;悬浮泥沙变化一般滞后于流速变化1～2 h。从平面分布上来看,研究区大潮期各站位悬浮泥沙浓度差异较大,小潮期差异较小;垂向上,大小潮期各层位悬浮泥沙含量变化不大,层化现象较弱。研究区水体的平流输运项主导着这一区域的悬浮泥沙输运,垂向净环流项起辅助作用,其他输沙项的贡献很小,研究区悬浮泥沙净输运方向与余流方向大致一致。大潮期垂向净环流项对悬浮泥沙输运的贡献略大于小潮期,小潮期平流输运项对悬浮泥沙输运的贡献略大于大潮期,大小潮变化对研究区泥沙输运影响显著。 相似文献
3.
辽河口海区悬浮体运移扩散动力特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
控制着辽河口海区悬浮运移的主要动力是河流迳流、潮流和余流。它们对最大浑浊带中河水与海水的混合，密度流循环以及悬浮物的沉降和运移共同起作用。悬浮物向海运移与河口区最大浑浊带有关，即与河流迳流、潮流和余流作用所控制的悬浮物数量有关。悬浮物向向运移似乎遵循两个周期：１．小潮－大潮周期；２．河流迳流丰枯周期。最大运移发生在大潮期和河流迳流丰水期。 相似文献
4.
基于2020年7月特大洪水期间长江口浑浊带南槽、北槽和北港多站位同步实测水沙动力数据,研究了河口浑浊带分粒级输沙时空特征及其对泥沙来源响应的指示意义,结果表明：1）北港和北槽是流域泥沙净向口外输移的主要输沙通道,南槽是海域泥沙净向口内输移的主要输沙通道,主槽内粉砂是主要输沙组分,占比63.2%,口外粉砂和黏土是主要输沙组分,分别占43.2%、40.9%;2）大潮粉砂输运占比高于小潮,黏土输运占比低于小潮,口外测站砂组分在大小潮期间在横沙浅滩和九段沙间沿岸输移,横沙浅滩附近大、小潮离岸输沙分别是北港口外的1.7倍和8倍,不利于横沙浅滩淤涨;3）当前流域减沙高达70%,此次特大洪水期间黏土、粉砂和砂三组分近底净向口内输移为减沙背景下的口外供沙提供了有力的佐证。 相似文献
5.
河口最大浑浊带形成的动力模式和数值试验 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用改进的ECOM模式,耦合泥沙输运模型,研究理想河口最大浑浊带形成的动力机制。河口最大浑浊带位于滞流点处,上下游余流均向该处输运泥沙,造成该处泥沙汇合,而由流场辐合产生的上升流又使该处的泥沙不易落淤。南岸(河口东向)的泥沙浓度比北岸高,最大浑浊带位于南岸,这是由于盐水入侵带来的高盐水位于北岸的底层,其斜压效应使底层的环流由北向南流动,把底层高浓度的泥沙向南岸平流,聚集于南岸底层。除上游河流泥沙来源外,强大的涨落潮流冲刷床面,使沉降于床面的泥沙再次悬浮,成为余流输运泥沙的来源之一。 相似文献
6.
辽河口海区悬浮体运移扩散动力特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
控制着辽河口海区悬浮体运移的主要动力是河流迳流、潮流和余流．它们对最大浑浊带中河水与海水的混合，密度流循环以及悬浮物的沉降和运移共同起作用．悬浮物向海运移与河口区最大浑浊带有关，即与河流迳流、潮流和余流作用所控制的悬浮物数量有关。悬浮物向海运移似乎遵循两个周期：１．小潮—大湖周期；２．河流迳流丰枯周期．最大运移发生在大潮期和河流迳流丰水期。 相似文献
7.
河口最大浑浊带表层沉积物的动态变化在很大程度上反映径潮流交汇作用影响的悬底沙交换过程,直接关联最大浑浊带区域的拦门沙冲淤整治。利用2013年6月在长江口南槽最大浑浊带小潮至大潮期间定点持续采集的共9 d逐时水文资料及表层沉积物等数据,分析了南槽最大浑浊带表层沉积物沉积动力过程。主要结果包括：(1)南槽最大浑浊带表层沉积物颗粒较细,以粉砂为优势粒级,沉积物分选性较差,平均粒径、分选系数及偏态自小潮到大潮呈逐渐减小的特征。落潮时水体悬浮泥沙易发生絮凝沉降,表层沉积物较细,以极细粉砂为主;涨潮期间,受涨潮顶托作用,以细砂为主的水体粗颗粒泥沙易于沉降,表层沉积物较粗。(2)沉积物组分存在2种变化模式：主要模式为潮流作用及盐水絮凝引起细颗粒悬沙沉降,以粗黏土及极细粉砂为主的沉积模式;次要模式为径流作用下,细颗粒泥沙被冲刷,细砂比重增加,导致表层沉积物变粗,以中粉砂为主的沉积特征;其中径流主导了表层沉积物的短时间内变化,而盐度的变化决定了表层沉积物整体的粗细转换。 相似文献
8.
长江口浑浊带核心区北槽水动力特征研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
本文根据2015年长江口洪季浑浊带水域座底三脚架全水深范围观测数据，对北槽中下段纵横向流、余流结构、边界层特征等进行了深入研究，结果显示:（1）大潮潮流矢量特征在垂向上的变化差异最为显著；北槽中下段水流出现明显的横向输移，指向航槽北面；（2）横向流速在大潮期间的变化（垂线平均）为-0.10~0.39 m/s，小潮期间的变化为-0.13~0.25 m/s；横向平流对于北槽纵向物质输运有显著调整作用；（3）余流垂向差异大，底部几乎为0，小潮期间余流更强；周期性再悬浮的细颗粒泥沙可作为北槽最大浑浊带的重要物质来源；（4）传统六点对数流速拟合法获得摩阻流速误差较大，近底1 m区域高分辨流速剖面是准确获取底边界层参数的有效途径。 相似文献
9.
径流量和海平面变化对河口最大浑浊带的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用改进的ECOM模式,耦合泥沙输运方程,研究径流量和海平面变化对河口最大浑浊带的影响.河口最大浑浊带位于滞流点处,底层上下游余流均向该处输运泥沙,造成该处泥沙汇合,而由流场辐合产生的上升流又使该处的泥沙不易落淤.由于盐水入侵带来的高盐水位于北岸的底层,其斜压效应使底层的横向环流由北向南流动,把底层高浓度的泥沙向南岸平流,使得最大浑浊带位于南岸.研究河口最大浑浊带现象必须使用三维泥沙输运模式.在径流量增大的情况下,与控制试验相比底层向陆的密度流减弱,滞流点下移,导致最大浑浊带也下移;因上游来沙量增加,在最大浑浊带中心和河口拦门沙处悬浮泥沙浓度趋于增加.在径流量减少的情况下,最大浑浊带的变化趋势与径流量增大情况的结果相反.在海平面上升的情况下,拦门沙区域底层向陆的密度流趋于增强,滞流点上移,最大浑浊带也相应向上游移动;最大浑浊带中心处泥沙浓度趋于增大,但口门拦门沙处泥沙浓度趋于减小.径流量和海平面变化对最大浑浊带影响明显. 相似文献
10.
珠江口的黏性泥沙输运对区域海洋工程和河口海洋环境有着重要的影响。本文利用SELFE模型,针对珠江河口海域建立了一个采用非结构三角形网格的三维斜压水动力模型,可耦合模拟海流、潮流及风海流水动力环境,并在此基础上开发了包括底床模块的黏性泥沙输运模型。模拟结果与实测值验证较好,再现了丰水期珠江河口的泥沙输运特征以及最大浑浊带的变化和分布特点。研究表明,丰水期珠江口悬沙质量浓度西侧大于东侧,泥沙主要来自河口上游。河口浅滩上会形成最大浑浊带,最大质量浓度可达0.5 g/L。珠江口最大浑浊带的形成主要受潮动力、重力环流及泥沙再悬浮和沉积过程影响,其中泥沙再悬浮和沉积过程对中滩的最大浑浊带影响显著,而重力环流作用对西滩的最大浑浊带影响显著。 相似文献
11.
本文基于4次洪枯季同步水文观测资料,着重分析了长江口北支悬沙浓度的潮周期变化、垂向分布、纵向分布和悬沙输移及其时空差异。研究结果显示,悬沙浓度的潮周期变化过程在大中潮期以M型(双峰型)为主,下段主槽内在大潮期多出现V型,上段在枯季可出现涨潮单峰型;小潮期可出现无峰、单峰或双峰型。涨、落潮悬沙浓度峰值及均值,在枯季多涨潮大于落潮,洪季中小潮特别是小潮期易出现落潮大于涨潮;下段主槽内在大潮期易出现落潮大于涨潮。悬沙浓度的垂向分布及其变化特点,在大中潮期与悬沙的潮周期变化型式有关,其中M型存在显著的洪枯季差异。纵向上,最高悬沙浓度在枯季出现于中段灵甸港至三和港之间及附近河段,洪季则在下段三条港附近。潮周期悬沙净输移,枯季大多向陆特别是大中潮期,洪季中上段大多向海,下段大潮期多向陆、中小潮易出现向海;下段主槽内在大潮期易出现向海。 相似文献
12.
鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带水动力特征对叶绿素分布的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在河口最大浑浊带有独特的生态动力过程。利用鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带上下游两个定点站和大面站的流速、叶绿素和浊度数据,在分析最大浑浊带形成的基础上探讨了悬沙浓度与叶绿素浓度分布的对应关系及最大浑浊带水动力特征对叶绿素分布的影响。分析结果表明,定点站大小潮涨落潮时均出现悬沙浓度与叶绿素a浓度的高值分布中心,该中心主要出现在底部,且高叶绿素a浓度与高悬沙浓度中心相对应。通过对最大浑浊带形成机制的分析发现,强烈的底部泥沙再悬浮是鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带形成的主要原因。最大浑浊带内悬沙浓度与叶绿素a浓度的相关关系均为底层大于表层,大潮高于小潮;高叶绿素a浓度与高悬沙浓度时刻有很好的对应关系,在一定程度上表明水动力特征对叶绿素a浓度在时间和空间上的分布有重要影响。初步分析认为鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带内的高叶绿素a浓度主要是由再悬浮作用使底部沉积物中的底栖藻类和沉积物一起聚集在水体的底部造成的,但是该结论还有待结合其他相关研究进一步检验。 相似文献
13.
The 25-h measurements of current speed, flow direction, water depth, suspended sediment concentration and salinity were carried out at six anchored stations in the study area during spring and neap tides in winter of 1987 and summer of 1989. Caculations and analyses of the data obtained show that large amounts of suspended sediments are moved back and forth under the action of tidal current, and the net transport of sediment is small, with its predominance upstream in winter and downstream in summer. These calculations and analyses also suggest that the advective transport of sediment is dominant, while the vertical gravitational circulation of the suspended sediment comes next. Meantime, it is indicated that tidal currents play a major role in the suspended sediment transport, and residual flows have effect on the net transport of the suspended sediment, which is more remarkable during neap tide than during spring tide. 相似文献
14.
Observations of the residual fluxes of water, salt and suspended sediment are presented for seven stations along the Tamar Estuary. The data include measurements over single spring and neap tidal cycles, and are generally applicable to medium or high run-off conditions.Surface to bed differences in salinity are typically of the order of several parts per thousand. Gravitational circulation is an important component of residual flow in the deep, lower reaches of the estuary. Here, Stokes drift is insignificant. In the shallow upper reaches, the major residual currents are generated by Stokes drift and freshwater inputs. Data are compared with predictions from Hansen and Rattray's (1966) model of estuarine circulation.Salt fluxes due to tidal pumping and vertical shear are directed up-estuary at spring tides, tidal pumping being dominant. Tidal pumping of salt is also directed up-estuary at neap tides, although it is insignificant in the lower reaches, where vertical shear dominates.Tidal pumping of suspended sediment is directed up-estuary near the head at spring tides, and probably contributes to the formation of the turbidity maximum. The existence of the turbidity maximum is predicted using a simplified model of the transport of water and sediment. The model shows that an additional mechanism for the existence of the turbidity maximum is an up-estuary maximum in the tidal current speeds (and thus resuspension). In the lower reaches, transport of suspended sediment is directed down-estuary at both spring and neap tides, and sediment is essentially flushed to sea with the fresh water. 相似文献
15.
Jackson O. Blanton Harvey Seim Clark Alexander Julie Amft Gail Kineke 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):993-1006
This study describes the transport of salt and suspended sediment in a curving reach of a shallow mesotidal coastal plain estuary. Circulation data revealed a subtidal upstream bottom flow during neap tide, indicating the presence of a gravitational circulation mode throughout the channel. During spring tide, landward bottom flow weakened considerably at the upstream end of the channel and changed to seaward in the middle and downstream areas of the reach, suggesting the importance of tidal pumping. Salt flux near-bottom was landward at both ends of the channel during neap tide. At spring, however, the salt flux diverged along the bottom of the thalweg suggesting that tidal pumping caused a transfer of salt vertically and laterally into the intertidal zone. Thus, landward flux of salt is maintained even in the presence of subtidal seaward flow along the bottom at the downstream end of the channel.Landward bottom stress is greater than seaward stress, preferentially transporting suspended sediments upstream. Compared with salt, however, the weight of the suspended sediments causes less upward transfer of sediments into the intertidal zone. Flood flow carried more suspended sediments landward at the upstream end compared with the downstream end. We speculate that secondary flow in the curving channel picks up increasing amounts of suspended sediments along the sides during flood and adds them to the axial flow in the thalweg. Since the landward flow along the bottom of the thalweg weakens and even reverses during spring tide, there appears to be a complex re-circulation system for sediments re-suspended in curving channels that complicates the picture of a net transport of sediments landward. 相似文献
16.
根据2006年10月在崇明东滩潮间带和潮下带两个站位的大小潮水文泥沙观测资料和悬沙水样的室内粒度分析资料,对悬沙粒径的时空分布特征及其与流速等的关系进行了分析,并对再悬浮特点进行了探讨,结果表明,大小潮期间的悬沙颗粒组成较细,平均粒径的均值仅为6μm;大潮时的悬沙粒径略粗于小潮的,潮间带的略粗于潮下带的;由底床向上悬沙粒径趋于减小。悬沙粒径与流速、悬沙含量无明显的统计学关系,底质粒径、再悬浮强度和再悬浮泥沙粒径的空间变化以及浮泥的悬浮作用等是主要的影响因素。由于底质粒径的空间分布复杂,在东滩水域再悬浮具有明显的空间变化。在底质平均粒径大于60μm的粗颗粒沉积区,大小潮的再悬浮作用微小,底质以推移质运动为主。在底质平均粒径介于5~11μm的细颗粒沉积区上,悬沙级配与底质级配基本相同,该区域是再悬浮的主要发生源地;悬沙级配的变化过程揭示,再悬浮对底层悬沙的贡献率平均为8%~20%,大潮时的再悬浮强度是小潮的5~10倍,由底质再悬浮产生的悬沙在底部水层中的平均含量约为0.03~0.47 kg/m3。 相似文献
17.
C.M. Davies 《Marine Geology》1974,16(2):M31-M38
Two separate current systems have been identified in Swansea Bay — a rotatory current system, located in the northern part of the embayment, and a rectilinear current system, offshore. The amount of fine-grained sediment suspended in the rotatory currents varies with both direction during a tide cycle and tidal range. Measurements of suspended sediment indicate that the suspended load is higher on neap tides than spring tides. This is due to a change in axial orientation of the rectilinear system, which directs ebb-tide currents towards the northern part of the embayment on neap tides, but “deflects” ebb-tide currents from the northern area on spring tides. 相似文献
18.
基于椒江河口大、小潮期间水位、流速、盐度和悬沙浓度观测数据,研究了椒江河口主潮汐通道的水动力、盐度和悬沙浓度的时空变化特征,解释了高浊度强潮作用下的层化物理机制。椒江河口大潮期悬沙浓度和盐度均大于小潮期,主潮汐通道区域落潮期悬沙浓度大于涨潮期;盐度随潮变化,盐水锋面出现在S2测站,锋面附近出现最大浑浊带;自陆向海,悬沙浓度递减,盐度递增;随水深增加,悬沙浓度与盐度递增。Richardson数与混合参数显示,盐度和悬沙引起的层化现象,是随着潮汐的变化而变化,涨潮时的层化均强于落潮,小潮时的层化持续时间最长,区域更广。混合参数随潮周期变化,大潮期高于临界值1.0,小潮期低于临界值1.0。小潮期水体层化强于大潮期;潮汐应变项是影响势能差异变化率的重要因素;落潮期间层化向混合状态转化,涨潮相反。 相似文献
19.
Measurements of suspended particle concentration, size and settling velocity were made at a shallow site in the southern North Sea during a spring phytoplankton bloom. The site was characterised by strong differences in surface and near-bed residual flows; therefore particle processes in each layer are effectively decoupled as long as the water column is stratified. Four distinct energetic events during the observation period caused variation in the characteristics and behaviour of the particle population: (1) moderate spring tides with low wave activity; (2) strong winds, increased wave activity; (3) strong spring tides; (4) weak neap tides. During Event 1 weak tidal resuspension occurred, median particle diameter was relatively large, but median settling velocities of both chlorophyll and total SPM were low. During the higher energy Events 2 and 3 there was resuspension of relatively small, high-density particles producing high median total SPM settling velocities but low median particle diameter. In addition, a phytodetrital fluff layer, characterised by high chlorophyll settling velocity, was resuspended and dispersed during storm conditions (Event 2). During calm, weak neap tides (Event 4) there was negligible resuspension and enhanced particle settling and deposition, particularly in the phytodetritral component of the particle population, allowing rapid replenishment of the benthic fluff layer. This work indicates the relatively rapid rate at which fluff layers can be formed and dispersed, and highlights the need for high frequency measurements. The range of contrasting physical conditions over which the data-set was collected makes it an ideal candidate for parameterising and validating suspended sediment dynamics models. 相似文献