共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
从两个方面,即水环境中的泥沙问题和泥沙运动引起的环境问题出发,说明了环境中泥沙问题的普遍性,指出了结合泥沙运动研究环境问题和结合环境科学研究泥沙问题的重要性和必要性,并将这方面的工作概括为“环境泥沙学”.它研究受泥沙运动影响的污染物(包括泥沙颗粒本身)在环境中的迁移转化规律、控制及其应用,其核心是将水利工程科学主要是水力学、泥沙运动力学和环境科学的某些学科,如环境化学、环境地球化学等结合起来,研究与泥沙运动有关的环境问题,并对其研究内容和方法进行了探讨.这方面工作的深入,必然推动环境科学的加快发展,在某种程度上,也将推动泥沙科学的向前发展和丰富泥沙科学的研究内容. 相似文献
2.
目前,沉积物波的成因还是存在很多争议.通过详细的地震资料解释,发现南海南部海域有一个规模巨大的海底滑坡,滑坡体长达160 km.从剖面上看,滑坡体结构完整,由减损带、加积带、滑阻带、破坏体、滑脱面、滑坡后壁、冠上裂缝、横向裂缝等结构要素组成.在如此低的海底坡度（仅0.3°~0.5°）上形成如此大规模的滑坡体,推测是地震活动触发的.加积带内发育沉积物波.形态特征和剪应力分析显示,沉积物波形成于减损带的推挤作用.加积带中部推力最大,导致下部为逆时针剪切,上部为顺时针剪切.因此,沉积物波属于海底滑坡引起的软沉积物变形.软变形沉积物波是海底滑坡的一种特殊标志,因此这项研究有助于发现海底滑坡,也有助于海底工程的减灾防灾工作. 相似文献
3.
沟系地球化学测量是一种新的地球化学找矿方法。在湖南安源分散流异常检查中取得了较好的地质效果：新发现以Ａｇ为主的综合异常，经详查含银最高达４０ｇ／ｔ，具有较好的找银前景． 相似文献
4.
从水流挟沙力和河槽形态规律分析黄河调水调沙 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析水流挟沙力和河槽水力形态规律的基础上，研究调节流量、含沙量和泥沙组成的优化组合，解决河道输沙减淤和河槽相对稳定问题，提出调水调沙方向。达到合理利用水资源和河道减淤与治理相结合的目的． 相似文献
5.
Sediment and heavy metal accumulation in the Cauvery basin 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Eleven cores were collected from the Cauvery basin. Radiometric dates were used to determine modern sediment accumulation rates. Sediment accumulation rates ranged from 0.4 to 4 mm yr–. Heavy metal concentration decreases with the increase of depth. The heavy metal concentrations at certain depths are attributed to the irregular input of metals and their remobilization. Heavy metal accumulations have been computed using sediment accumulation rates, and accumulation rates show an additional anthropogenic input of metals and sediments in the recent past. Factor analysis and correlation analysis show the diverse source and accumulation mechanism influencing the metal distribution in the basin. 相似文献
6.
Sediment transport and trapping in the Hudson River estuary 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The Hudson River estuary has a pronounced turbidity maximum zone, in which rapid, short-term deposition of sediment occurs during and following the spring freshet. Water-column measurements of currents and suspended sediment were performed during the spring of 1999 to determine the rate and mechanisms of sediment transport and trapping in the estuary. The net convergence of sediment in the lower estuary was approximately 300,000 tons, consistent with an estimate based on sediment cores. The major input of sediment from the watershed occurred during the spring freshet, as expected. Unexpected, however, was that an even larger quantity of sediment was transported landward into the estuary during the 3-mo observation period. The landward movement was largely accomplished by tidal pumping (i.e., the correlation between concentration and velocity at tidal frequencies) during spring tides, when the concentrations were 5 to 10 times higher than during neap tides. The landward flux is not consistent with the long-term sediment budget, which requires a seaward flux at the mouth to account for the excess input from the watershed relative to net accumulation. The anomalous, landward transport in 1999 occurred in part because the freshet was relatively weak, and the freshet occurred during neapetides when sediment resuspension was minimal. An extreme freshet occurred during 1998, which may have provided a repository of sediment just seaward of the mouth that re-entered the estuary in 1999. The amplitude of the spring freshet and its timing with respect to the spring-neap cycle cause large interannual variations in estuarine sediment flux. These variations can result in the remobilization of previously deposited sediment, the mass of which may exceed the annual inputs from the watershed. 相似文献
7.
To use bioassessments to help diagnose or identify the specific environmental stressors affecting estuaries, we need a better
understanding of the relationships among sediment chemistry guidelines, ambient toxicity tests, and community metrics. However,
this relationship is not simple because metrics generally assess the responses at the community level of biological organization
whereas sediment guidelines and ambient toxicity tests generally assess or are based on the responses at the organism level.
The relationship may be further complicated by the influence of other chemical and physical variables that affect the bioavailability
and toxicity of chemical contaminants in the environment. Between 1990 and 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) conducted an Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) survey of estuarine sites in the Virginian Province
of the eastern United States. The surveys collected data on benthic assemblages, physical and chemical habitat characteristics,
and sediment chemistry and toxicity. We characterized these estuarine sites as affected by sediment contamination based on
the exceedence of sediment guidelines or on ambient sediment toxicity tests (i.e., 10-day Ampelisca abdita survival). Then, benthic invertebrate metrics were compared among affected and unaffected sites to identify metrics sensitive
to the contamination. A number of benthic invertebrate metrics differed between groups of sites segregated using the organism-level
measures whereas other metrics did not. The difference among metrics appears to depend on the sensitivity of the individual
metrics to the stressor gradient represented by metals or persistent organic toxics in sediments because the insensitive metrics
do not effectively quantify the changes in the benthic invertebrate assemblage associated with these stressors. The significant
relationships suggest that a relationship exists between the organism-level effects assessed by chemistry or ambient toxicity
tests and the community-level effects assessed by community metrics and that the organism-level effects are predictive, to
some extent, of community-level effects. 相似文献
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9.
沉积物粒度分布特征可揭示沉积动力环境。基于广西南流江河口水下三角洲的粒度分析数据,采用Folk分类法进行分类,应用端元分析对其粒度数据进行分解,探讨了南流江河口水下三角洲的物源和现代沉积动力环境。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可划分为9类,其中含砾沉积物5类,不含砾沉积物4类,沉积物类型与河口环境动力特征相吻合。端元分析结果显示,研究区有5个不同类型的端元,分别代表着5种类型的沉积物动力环境:端元1反映了风浪和潮流对表层沉积物的动力作用;端元2指示了外海涌浪对表层沉积物的作用过程;端元3代表了南流江冲淡水引起的表层沉积物的输运;端元4代表了大陆架残留沉积物;端元5为干扰端元,可能是由于工程建设等人类活动所引起的。利用端元分析探讨复杂环境(如小型山溪性河口)下的沉积动力环境时,一方面需要综合考虑研究区域的物源与环境动力特征;另一方面可以结合参数拟合、粒径趋势分析等研究手段。 相似文献
10.
The Mahanadi River is one of the largest river systems in the east coast of Indiaand the estuary drains and communicates with the Bay of Bengal. The seasonallyvarying fresh water river discharge and the intrusion of salt water from the baydepend on the flow associated with the semi-diurnal component of the astronomicaltide (dominated by M2 component). A numerical model has been developed tosimulate and study the salinity structure, velocity profile, flow and circulation patternand have been compared with the observed data. A reasonably good agreement isnoticed between the model simulations and the observations. The model result hasbeen utilised to compute sediment load transport to the estuary channel over a tidalcycle as well as on a monthly time scale. The sediment load transport owing to monthlyclimatological rainfall is discussed and it is inferred that a dynamic equilibrium existson a long-term over good/bad monsoons. 相似文献