共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
Toivo Jaakkola 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1982,88(2):283-291
At the beginning of a series of papers concerning reality of various suggested cosmological evolutionary effects, the counts of quasars are examined. The recently reported counts of optically selected quasars (Green and Schmidt, 1978) probably have been biased by the use of distance-dependent morphological criteria of selection. The influence of this bias is to mimic cosmological evolution. The application of theK-correction for the counts of quasars is discussed. TheK-corrected, presumably unbiased counts of objects with ultraviolet excess and broad emission lines, including quasars and type 1 Seyfert galaxies, give the slopeb=0.6, i.e. a uniform radial distribution. Correctness of the latter sampling of data is dependent on the solution of the redshift problem and presupposes an inverse correlation between luminosity and intrinsic redshift. 相似文献
2.
D. Basu 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2001,322(4):229-231
Periodicities and selection effects in the redshift (z) distribution of QSOs have been debated for a long time in the literature. Here we show that peaks and troughs in the redshift distribution of three new samples, claimed to demonstrate the existence of a periodicity, can be interpreted in terms of known selection effects. This analysis confirms earlier findings that the presence of such selection effects seriously weakens any suggestion for periodicity of the form Δl n (1 + z) = constant. 相似文献
3.
D. Basu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,94(2):463-468
The peak in the distribution of apparent magnitude (V) of QSOs at 18.0 can be explained by loss of QSOs forV<-18.0 arising out of selection effects due to the availability of search lines necessary for the determination of redshifts and due to the misidentification of QSOs as Main-Sequence stars. ForV>18.0, the number of objects seem to fall off as they become progressively fainter and detection efficiency goes down. The present analysis also shows that a strong correlation exists between apparent magnitude and redshift of QSOs indicating redshifts are of cosmological origin. 相似文献
4.
D. Basu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1992,191(1):43-48
Absorption features shown by QSOs may be identified and measured as reported absorption redshift systems, or may remain unidentified and not measured. The features are believed to be observed in objects with high emission redshifts (z
em), although no quantitative analysis exists to examine any such preferential trend, except that by Basu (1982). However, redshift data have since increased enormously both in range of the redshift spectrum and in number. Furthermore, the earlier analysis was based on only the reported absorption redshifts while unidentified absorption features were not dealt with. The present paper analyses the updated data, both identified and unidentified features. It is found that absorption features may be expressed as exponential function ofz
em, and upper limits are set for the percentage of QSOs showing absorption features. Finally, an entirely new method of analysis confirms the earlier conclusion of Basu (1982) that the appearance of absorbing clouds is closely associated with the creation of the QSOs, the two may be having a common cause. It is suggested that absorption QSOs may be a separate class of QSOs whose birth is accompanied with creation of absorbing clouds. 相似文献
5.
J. Liske A. Grazian E. Vanzella M. Dessauges M. Viel L. Pasquini M. Haehnelt S. Cristiani F. Pepe G. Avila P. Bonifacio F. Bouchy H. Dekker B. Delabre S. D'Odorico V. D'Odorico S. Levshakov C. Lovis M. Mayor P. Molaro L. Moscardini M. T. Murphy D. Queloz P. Shaver S. Udry T. Wiklind S. Zucker 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,386(3):1192-1218
The redshifts of all cosmologically distant sources are expected to experience a small, systematic drift as a function of time due to the evolution of the Universe's expansion rate. A measurement of this effect would represent a direct and entirely model-independent determination of the expansion history of the Universe over a redshift range that is inaccessible to other methods. Here we investigate the impact of the next generation of Extremely Large Telescopes on the feasibility of detecting and characterizing the cosmological redshift drift. We consider the Lyα forest in the redshift range 2 < z < 5 and other absorption lines in the spectra of high-redshift QSOs as the most suitable targets for a redshift drift experiment. Assuming photon-noise-limited observations and using extensive Monte Carlo simulations we determine the accuracy to which the redshift drift can be measured from the Lyα forest as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and redshift. Based on this relation and using the brightness and redshift distributions of known QSOs we find that a 42-m telescope is capable of unambiguously detecting the redshift drift over a period of ∼20 yr using 4000 h of observing time. Such an experiment would provide independent evidence for the existence of dark energy without assuming spatial flatness, using any other cosmological constraints or making any other astrophysical assumption. 相似文献
6.
The similarities of the spectra of QSOs with those of Wolf-Rayet stars are pointed out. The emission spectrum of the earliest discovered QSO, 3C 273, in the ultraviolet and visible regions is interpreted as that of an object deficient in hydrogen like Wolf-Rayet stars but havingno redshift. The visible emission spectra of two other QSOs, 3C 48 and 3C 280.1, are also similarly interpreted. It is further assumed that the absorption lines of QSOs are produced in an expanding atmosphere so that they are violet shifted as in Wolf-Rayet stars. Fifty-four out of 55 narrow absorption lines of the QSO Q 1246-057 are interpreted on the assumption that the average velocity of the absorbing ions is 500 km s–1, although the redshift theory can explain only 23 lines by invoking six different redshifts: Four of the five emission lines of the same object can be identified assuming no shift. Since the QSOs are here assumed to be comparatively local objects, the problems of energy supply, superluminal velocities, etc., raised by the conventional explanation do not arise in this case.Presently at the Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Erlangen, F.R.G. 相似文献
7.
D. Basu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1980,72(1):241-245
In this Letter we report the findings of a statistically significant relation between the continuum color indices and redshift of optically violent variable QSOs. No such correlation is found to exist for non-variable and moderately variable QSOs. 相似文献
8.
本文报导光学选类星体样本的光变研究结果。利用ＣＣＤ 测光资料,本文研究中等亮类星体样本的长期光变行为。结果表明,大约４０ ％ 的光学选类星体在１８ 年的研究期间内有光变;变光类星体的光变同光度负相关,即愈亮的类星体的光变愈小;光变同红移也可能存在负相关。 相似文献
9.
D. Basu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1984,100(1-2):441-445
Distribution of the redshift difference (z) between emission and absorption lines of QSOs is half-gaussian. Also, the quantity z increases with increase in emission line redshift (z
em). The correlation between the two quantities (z andz
em) is statistically significant. The interpretation of the results indicate that the co-moving density of absorbing clouds decreases with redshift and that the absorbing clouds are associated with the QSOs rather than completely unrelated intervening material. 相似文献
10.
Abundance ratios in QSOs Q 1246-057, 0453-423, PKS 0528-250, Q 0002-422, and PKS 2126-158 have been calculated by the method of curve of growth. Relative abundance of carbon with respect to silicon has been calculated in the QSOs Q 1246-057, PKS 0528-250, Q 0002-422, and PKS 2126-158. Relative abundance of aluminium with respect to silicon has been calculated in the QSOs PKS 0528-250 and PKS 2126-158. Relative abundance of iron with respect to magnesium has been also calculated in the QSOs Q 0453-423 and Q 0002-422. The ratiosN(C)/N(Si) andN(Al)/N(Si) andN(Fe)/N(Mg) in QSOs considered as a class are 3.45±2.33, 0.063±0.054, and 1.08±0.70, respectively.The ratiosN(C)/N(Si) andN(Al)/N(Si) show a mild trend of increase with decreasing emission redshift. On the other hand, the ratioN(Fe)/N(Mg) shows a mild trend of decrease with decreasing emission redshift. This suggests the possibility of the chemical evolution of QSOs.The comparison ofN(C)/N(Si), the relative abundance of carbon-one of the four most plentiful elements — with respect to silicon in QSOs and normal galaxies suggests that QSOs might belong to an early phase in the evolutionary sequence of galaxies and that they evolve chemically into normal galaxies in course of time.Mrs. Alpana Gangopadhyaya after marriage. 相似文献
11.
Deng Zu-Gan Zhou You-Yuan Liu Yong-Zhen Dai He-Jun 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,126(2):301-312
In former works (Zhouet al., 1983, 1985), a quantitative method have been developed to take the selection effects in the identification of emission lines of quasars into account. It was proved that these selection effects may be the cause of the unevenness in the redshift distribution of quasars. The present work is a continuation and development of former works. We use results given by the surveys with same limit-apparent magnitude and choose the quasars whose absolute magnitudes are within a specific range as the analysing samples. Using the method given in the former papers we may find out the evolutionary parameter in an evolutionary law with form of (1+z)
y
from the best fitting between the calculative and observational redshift distribution. The result of analysis shows that the evolutionary law of quasars selected by slitless technique isp =p
0(1 + z)6.5 ± 1 up toz=2.8. This result coincides with and generalizes the earlier result given by other authors. 相似文献
12.
The physical state of optically thin, primordial gas in intergalactic space at redshift about Z=2.5 is re-examined, assuming the gas is in ionzation and thermal equilibrium by the integrated UV flux from QSOs. For densities in the range 10–5–10–2 cm–3, the structure of the gas can be well described by an isothermal polytrope of infinite index. The L absorbing clouds observed in the spectra of distant QSOs may arise in such self-gravitating intergalactic clouds. Some properties of the clouds are discussed with reference to recent observations and equilibrium models.This work is partially supported by CNSF. 相似文献
13.
D. Basu 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2003,24(1-2):11-21
A correlation between redshifts (z) and apparent magnitudes (V) (Hubble relation) of Quasi Stellar Objects (QSOs) has long been sought. Such a correlation exists for galaxies whose redshifts are of cosmological origin. However, a plot of the two quantities representing the Hubble diagram for QSOs exhibits, in general, a wild scatter. This raises the question whether redshifts of QSOs are cosmological. On the other hand, most luminous QSOs in groups, and subsamples with particular properties, have been reported to show the Hubble relation. In the present paper, we analyse all optically non-variable QSOs in a comprehensive sample. In our analysis we grouped the objects into certain intervals of apparent magnitudes. Correlations obtained between redshifts and magnitudes are all statistically robust. Also, the Hubble relation in the usual formV = 5 logz +C is obeyed very convincingly for QSOs withV < 19.5. 相似文献
14.
In this paper we discuss the effect of features in the spectrum of QSOs on their color indices and the consequent variation of the latter with the redshift. As the redshift increases, the various absorption features shortwards of the Ly emission line enter into the visible region and alter the way in which the color indices vary with the redshift, while the effects of the intrinsic power-law spectrum and emission lines on the color indices become secondary. The largest effect is due to the Lyman limit absorption system. These results are checked using the color indices calculated from IUE spectra. 相似文献
15.
继文[1]之后,本文利用15个中—高红移类星体的Lα森林构成统计样本,再度考察了Lα森林吸收线密度N(Z_(abs))与发射红移Z_(em)的相关性。本文的统计样本包含的红移范围比文[1]更大:类星体的发射红移值从1.715到3.750,Lα森林吸收线红移范围从1.501到3.780;统计方法亦与文[1]略有差异。统计结果再度表明,Lα森林吸收线密度N(Z_(abs))明显依赖于类星体自身的发射红移Z_(em),这不仅在于Z_(em)越大的类星体其全部吸收线的平均数密度N(Z_(abs))也越大,更重要的是,对于相同的吸收红移值Z_(abs)而言,N(Z_(abs))在统计意义上明显地随Z_(em)的增大而增大。文末对所得的结果作了讨论。 相似文献
16.
D. Basu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,95(1):123-129
A gap in the distribution of a parameter is simply the absence of the parameter for the values corresponding to the gap. The gap in the emission line redshift (z) of QSOs thus represents absence of QSOs with emission line redshift values corresponding to the gap region. Gaps in emission line redshifts of QSOs have been analysed statistically with updated data consisting of 1549 values. The study indicates: (i) There is a critical redshiftz c =2.4, which separates two distinct phases in the creation of QSOs. Forz>z c , the creation appears to have been a slow process. Atz?z c there was a triggering action which produced a burst of QSOs simultaneously. Forz c , the rate of production of QSOs have been fast. (ii) The distribution of gaps atz c ; appear to be consequence of periodicities, provided the periodicities involved are perfect and the redshift values are accurate. (iii) The distribution of gaps atz>z c are not random, but follow a definite trend. 相似文献
17.
In order to investigate the nature of the redshifts of QSOs, Hubble diagrams have been plotted. First, [log (cz),m
v
] pairs have been plotted for a sample of 252 QSOs. This sample has been drawn from the recent catalogue (Burbidgeet al., 1977) of 633 QSOs after excluding those for which either the redshifts are uncertain or theV magnitudes are not known accurately. Before plotting,K-correction has been applied to theV magnitudes. A least-squares linear fit has been obtained for this plot and, as a result, we get a slope of 0.165±0.012 against 0.2 expected theoretically on the basis of the assumption that the QSOs are at cosmological distances implied by their redshifts. The discrepancy in the value of the slope has been attributed partly to the uncertainty in theK-correction and partly to the evolutionary effect. In order to eliminate the uncertainty due to theK-correction, [log (cz), logf(H)] pairs have been plotted for a sample of 52 QSOs and a least-squares linear fit has been obtained which has a slope of –0.497±0.076, in close agreement with the theoretically expected value of –0.5. This lends support to the hypothesis that the redshifts of the QSOs are cosmological in nature. Finally, the evolutionary effect has been examined, and we conclude that the QSOs do evolve in luminosity in course of time. 相似文献
18.
Hannes Alfvén 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1979,64(2):401-419
The possibility that annihilation is a major source of energy in cosmic physics is discussed. Since Klein suggested that the Universe might be matter-antimatter symmetric over two decades ago, there have been a significant number of papers developing the consequences of this view. These, however, have been largely ignored in the general literature. There have also been a number of papers claiming to prove that there cannot be antimatter anywhere in the observable Universe. In the first part of this paper an assessment of the differing views is given, and it is shown that none of the arguments against antimatter is convincing. The existence of antimatter is not in conflict with any observational fact. The reason for the negative attitude towards the existence of antimatter seems to be that this view is in conflict with a number of speculative but generally accepted theories. However, recent magnetospheric and heliospheric research, includingin situ measurements of cosmic plasmas, is now drastically changing cosmic plasma physics in a way that leads to growing scepticism about quite a few of the speculative theories.An attempt is made to develop a simple phenomenological model of QSOs based on star-antistar collisions. This model can account for such basic observational properties as the acceleration to very large (non-cosmological) velocities, the existence of broad emission lines, and at the same time narrow absorption lines with different redshifts. The absence of blueshifts is also explained. The model predicts that relatively young QSOs should be at cosmological distances whereas the old ones may very well be much closer to us than indicated by their redshift. 相似文献
19.
20.
We study the growth of black holes and stellar population in spheroids at high redshift using several (sub)mm-loud QSO samples. Applying the same criteria established in an earlier work, we find that, similar to IR QSOs at low redshift, the far-infrared emission of these (sub)mm-loud QSOs mainly originates from dust heated by starbursts. By combining low-z IR QSOs and high-z (sub)mm-loud QSOs, we find a trend that the star formation rate (M) increases with the accretion rate (Macc). We compare the values of M/Macc for submm emitting galaxies (SMGs), far-infrared ultraluminous/hyperluminous QSOs and typical QSOs, and construct a likely evolution scenario for these objects. The (sub)mm-loud QSO transition phase has both high Macc and M and hence is important for establishing the correlation between the masses of black holes and spheroids. 相似文献