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动载确定方法对岩石动态断裂韧度测试的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了考察不同方法确定的动态载荷对测试岩石动态断裂韧度的影响,在SHPB压杆系统上动态冲击直径80 mm的大理岩圆孔裂缝平台巴西圆盘,获得了弹性压杆上的应力波形,间接计算得到3种不同的作用在圆盘端部的动态载荷。将载荷输入ANSYS动态有限元模型中,求得了相应的动态应力强度因子,并根据试验-数值分析方法确定了岩石的动态断裂韧度测试值。结果表明,在加载速率约为4.0×104 MPa•m1/2/s的条件下,采用三波法确定的大理岩的平均动态断裂韧度为 3.92 MPa•m1/2,采用一波法比三波法计算的结果偏低11.22%,采用二波法比三波法计算的结果偏高20.15%,3种方法得到的结果差异较大。应力波在传播过程中,通过圆盘表面和预制裂缝面发生散射,部分能量不断发生释放是造成圆盘试件两端加载载荷不相等的主要原因。三波法是3种方法中比较理想的动态载荷确定方法,但需要考察试件的动态应力平衡性。 相似文献
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岩石脆性临界破坏的波速特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据岩石加载破坏过程中应力-应变和波速-应变曲线所反映的的波速变化特征,研究了岩石声波传播速度与其加载变形过程的相关性。研究表明:岩石破裂前波速及特征参数随着变形破坏阶段变化会有显著改变,特别是应力水平到达70%80%之后,当加载破坏过程中岩石的裂隙大量增加后波速参数出现突变。这是由于在膨胀点附近岩石中微裂隙迅速丛集式增长,改变了岩石内部的微观结构,导致岩石波速降低。伴随着波速降低,波速走时急剧增大,离散度增大;S波和P波的振幅减小,但其振幅比急剧增大;S波、P的波Q值也会出现突变。通过对岩石加载过程中的波速变化与应力-应变曲线之间的关联性分析,利用波速信息变化可以实现对岩石脆性破裂前兆的识别。 相似文献
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压实度和含水率对压实黏性土动态力学性能的影响试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用直径为? 25 mm的聚碳酸脂分离式SHPB试验装置和真空封泥作为波形整形器,以不同速度撞击试件,测试了不同压实度和含水率试件在应变率范围为600～2 500 s－1内的动态力学性能,并对试验结果的有效性进行了讨论,分析了冲击压缩荷载作用下应力-应变曲线、动态峰值应力与峰值应变,动态峰值应力和峰值应变增长因子以及比能量吸收与应变率之间的关系。研究结果表明：压实黏性土的动态峰值应力、峰值应变和比能量吸收随应变率的增大而增大,而压实度与含水率对压实黏性土的动态峰值应力、峰值应变和比能量吸收基本无影响;压实度与含水率对动态峰值应力和峰值应变增长因子有较大影响;比能量吸收随应变率而呈指数增长。 相似文献
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采用分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)上对花岗岩进行了10~1～10~2 s~(-1)应变率段的动态压缩试验.试验主要做了以下3点改进:(1)采用大直径变截面锥杆,并严格限制试件长径比;(2)选用退火紫铜片和药用胶布作为脉冲整形器;(3)在入射杆与试件接触端面加设万向头.此外,通过高―低应变率重复加载试验得到了花岗岩材料在变速重复冲击下特有的力学性能.结论表明,在此应变率段花岗岩材料具有明显的应变率硬化效应,峰值应力前应力-应变曲线的跃进特性. 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(8)
采用改进的SHPB试验装置,进行深部岩石的三维高静载频繁动态扰动试验,分析动态应力-应变曲线的一般特征,可将其细分为微裂纹稳定发展、微裂纹非稳定发展、疲劳损伤、疲劳破坏4个阶段进行描述,其中峰值后的2个阶段处于动态应力卸载过程。基于连续因子、应变等效原理及统计损伤理论定义岩石的损伤变量并推演损伤演化方程,采用组合模型法建立岩石的本构模型。结合试验数据,验证岩石的损伤演化规律及建立的本构模型,结果表明:利用推演的损伤演化方程计算出损伤变量,其与动态应变的关系曲线符合试验中岩样的损伤规律;建立本构方程的拟合曲线与试验曲线具有较好的一致性,说明建立的本构模型可以用来预测深部岩石处于三维高静载频繁动态扰动时的动力学特性。 相似文献
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冻土蠕变指标试验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过不同温度、不同加载应力作用下冻结兰州黄土、黏土、砂质黏土的蠕变试验,分析了蠕变曲线、初始应变、流变起始应变与流变起始时间、破坏应变与破坏时间及相对蠕变指标.结果表明：3种土质冻土的蠕变曲线变化规律大致相同,加载过程中,应变非线性增加,且加载应力越大、温度越高,初始应变越大;流变起始时间与破坏时间都与加载应力、温度有密切关系,加载应力越大、温度越高,越先出现流变和破坏. 对于相同的土质,加载应力和温度对流变起始应变、破坏应变的影响不大;对于不同土质的初始应变、流变起始应变和破坏应变,都是黏土最大、砂质黏土次之、兰州黄土最小. 3种土质冻土的初始加载段和非稳定蠕变段所占的时间较短,但产生的应变却较大;同时,温度越高,相对流变时间越短、相对破坏时间越长,说明非稳定蠕变阶段所占的时间随温度的升高而变短、稳定蠕变阶段所占的时间随温度的升高而变长. 相似文献
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低温含水砂岩动态压缩力学性能试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究砂岩动态压缩力学性能,采用SHPB装置对低温含水砂岩试样进行6种不同加载速率的冲击压缩试验。结果表明：-10℃时砂岩动态抗压强度和弹性模量明显大于-15℃时,动态抗压强度与应变率均呈乘幂关系增长;动态弹性模量与应变率呈正相关性,-10℃和-15℃时均呈多项式关系;动态应力-应变曲线分为4个阶段,应变软化阶段的应变范围随应变率的增加而增大;砂岩试样破坏模式随着应变率的增加,由块状劈裂结构、片状层裂结构的拉伸破坏,转变为锥形体结构的剪切破坏,最终呈现颗粒状粉碎破坏。 相似文献
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动荷载作用下岩石非线性弹性响应研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
岩石是一种典型的颗粒孔隙介质。在冲击荷载下,即便是在作用荷载比较低的阶段,由于岩石内部自然缺陷的存在,应力波随着传播距离延伸,其幅值有较大的衰减。文中对饱油和饱水的砂岩、大理岩进行SHPB冲击试验,研究结果表明:对于同种岩石试样,饱油岩样的衰减系数比饱水样品的小;对于不同的岩样,孔隙率大的岩样相应的衰减系数大。应力波在饱和介质中的衰减与介质中液体的粘滞系数有关。同时,材料中的孔隙和液体的存在对应力波的弥散特征也有一定的影响。然后基于Preisach-Mayergoyz(P-M)空间模型对冲击荷载比较低的阶段,岩石内部应力波的衰减和弥散问题进行了较详细的分析,得到了一些初步结论。本研究对于石油开采、物探以及岩土工程有一定的意义。 相似文献
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基于改进的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）岩石动静组合加载试验系统,进行了在不同静力轴压条件下受频繁动力扰动作用的动力学试验,研究蛇纹岩在高静载下受频繁冲击扰动过程中的动态变形特性、动态峰值应力和应变、能量变化规律和岩石破坏模式等动力学特性。研究结果表明：高静载条件下受频繁冲击扰动作用时,在动态峰值应力前,动态应力与应变呈正相关关系,而在动态峰值应力后,出现变形回弹和不回弹两种现象;随着动力扰动次数的增加,岩石动态峰值应力减小、动态峰值应变增大、动态变形模量减小、岩石由释放能量向吸收能量方向转化;随着预加静力轴压的增大,单次冲击过程中岩石损伤加剧,岩石破坏需要的扰动冲击次数减少,同时岩石由拉伸破坏模式向压剪破坏模式转变,破坏块度由小变大、均匀度降低。试验结果对揭示深部岩体承受高地应力和频繁开挖爆破等动力扰动作用下的破坏机制具有重要意义,同时为工程实际中通过调整围岩静应力状态和爆破以提高围岩长期稳定性的可行性提供了室内试验支持。 相似文献
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Dynamic Characteristics of Granite Subjected to Intermediate Loading Rate 总被引：29，自引：11，他引：18
Summary A large diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) has been developed. This equipment is briefly described, together with a shaped striker that initiates a half-sine incident waveform to obtain the complete stress-strain relationship of the Bukit Timah granite at medium strain rate. Good constant strain rate was derived, and the dynamic complete stress-strain curves and energy absorption of the granite were measured at a strain rate between 20 and 60 per second. Repeated impact between 60–90% of the static strength of the granite was also conducted. Results from the tests show that the cumulative damage of the granite depends on the peak stress of the dynamic loads with a fixed duration. The dynamic fracture strength of the granite loaded at medium strain rate is directly proportional to the cube root of the strain rate. For the granite loaded at this strain rate, Youngs modulus is unchanged. Energy absorption of the samples loading to fragmentation determined its fragmented size distribution. At high strain rate, the rock possesses large energy absorption and the particle size of the fragments is much smaller. 相似文献
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A three‐phase medium model is proposed in describing the dynamic property of filled rock joints and an analytical study on longitudinal wave transmission normally across a three‐phase rock joint is presented. Parameters in the three‐phase medium model were determined by a series of modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests, where a sand or clay layer was used to represent an artificially filled rock joint. The effect of the unloading path on the transmitted wave was discussed by comparing the analytical and SHPB test results. The derived wave transmission coefficients across the filled joint agreed very well with those from the test results. Both the analytical and the test results showed that the wave transmission coefficients were affected by the mechanical properties of the fillings. Parametric studies with respect to the volume ratios of water and air in the three‐phase medium and the type of filling material have also been performed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Humberto C. Godinez Esteban Rougier Dave Osthus Zhou Lei Earl Knight Gowri Srinivasan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):30-44
Fracture propagation plays a key role for a number of applications of interest to the scientific community, from dynamic fracture processes like spallation and fragmentation in metals to failure of ceramics, airplane wings, etc. Simulations of material deformation and fracture propagation rely on accurate knowledge of material characteristics such as material strength and the amount of energy being dissipated during the fracture process. Within the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) framework material fracture behavior is typically described through a parametrized softening curve, which defines a stress-strain relationship unique to each material. We apply the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test to explore how each of these parameters influences the simulated damage processes and to determine the key input parameters that have the most impact on the model response. We present several sensitivity numerical experiments for the simulation of a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test for weathered granite samples using different combinations of model parameters. We validate the obtained results against SHPB experimental data. The experiments show that the model is mostly sensitive to parameters related to tensile and shear strengths, even in the presence of other parameter perturbations. The results suggest that the specification of tensile and shear strengths at the interfaces dominate the stress-time history of the FDEM simulation of SHPB test. 相似文献
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假定各物理量沿径向不变化,建立了低应变瞬态集中荷载作用下现浇大直径管桩振动响应的计算模型和波动方程。采用Laplace变换法,求得了波动方程的频域解析解,采用Fourier逆变换求得了时域响应。将文中解计算结果与三维频域解析解进行了对比分析,文中解的入射峰-反射峰时间差与三维频域解差别很小,说明对于PCC桩这种大直径薄壁管桩,采用径向不变假定对计算结果几乎没有影响。因此,在PCC桩低应变检测波形分析时,采用基于径向不变假定的二维解是完全合理的。将文中二维频域解的计算结果与二维时域解的结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,2种解在入射波、第一个桩底反射波、第二个桩底反射波峰值大小和到达时间非常吻合,这说明考虑环向位移与否对计算结果没有太大的影响,研究PCC桩低应变动力响应的问题时忽略水平方向的位移是完全可以的。 相似文献
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The propagation velocity of certain elastic waves (so-called surface waves) in vertically inhomogeneous materials is dispersive. The dispersion determination is however frequently ambiguous. To verify the signal analysis reliability and to estimate the dispersive character of the waves an algorithm for dispersive waveform calculation was designed. It is based on the summation of frequency components, with shifts corresponding to the velocity dispersion and distance. The knowledge of physical parameters of the medium is not required. The resulting waveform only contains an individual dispersive wave of the selected mode, thus being particularly suitable for testing of methodologies for dispersive wave analysis. 相似文献
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Numerical Investigation of the Dynamic Compressive Behaviour of Rock Materials at High Strain Rate 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The dynamic compressive strength of rock materials increases with the strain rate. They are usually obtained by conducting laboratory tests such as split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test or drop-weight test. It is commonly agreed now that the dynamic increase factor (DIF) obtained from impact test is affected by lateral inertia confinement, friction confinement between the specimen and impact materials and the specimen sizes and geometries. Therefore, those derived directly from testing data do not necessarily reflect the true dynamic material properties. The influences of these parameters, however, are not straightforward to be quantified in laboratory tests. Therefore, the empirical DIF relations of rock materials obtained directly from impact tests consist of contributions from lateral inertia and end friction confinements, which need be eliminated to reflect the true dynamic material properties. Moreover, different rocks, such as granite, limestone and tuff have different material parameters, e.g., equation of state (EOS) and strength, which may also affect the DIF of materials but are not explicitly studied in the open literature. In the present study, numerical models of granite, limestone and tuff materials with different EOS and strength under impact loads are developed to simulate SHPB tests and to study the influences of EOS and strength, lateral inertia confinement and end friction confinement effects on their respective DIFs in the strain rate range between 1 and 1,000 s?1. The commercial software AUTODYN with user-provided subroutines is used to perform the numerical simulations of SHPB tests. Numerical simulation results indicate that the lateral inertia confinement, friction confinement and specimen aspect (L/D) ratio significantly influence DIF obtained from impact tests and the inertia confinement effect is different for different rocks. Based on the numerical results, quantifications on the relative contributions from the lateral inertia confinement and the material strain rate effect on DIF of granite, limestone and tuff material compressive strength are made. The effects of friction coefficient, L/D ratio and rock type on DIF are discussed. Empirical relations of DIF with strain rate for the three rock materials representing the true material strain rate effect are also proposed. 相似文献
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利用GCTS动态空心圆柱扭剪仪,基于正弦波和方波两种波形循环荷载作用,考虑围压、振幅、频率及振次等因素的影响,研究结构性软黏土动力特性。试验结果表明:动应力低于土体结构屈服应力时,波形对动应力-应变关系曲线整体形状影响很小;动应力超过结构屈服应力时,应力-应变关系都呈软化型,方波软化程度高。同条件下,方波累积变形量总是大于正弦波。波形对孔压变化有影响,正弦波作用下孔压值总是大于方波。振幅对于孔压变化的影响表现为:稳定型幅值时上升速度快,数值也大于临界型幅值作用下的孔压值,即临界型幅值作用下的孔压滞后现象严重。屈服应变与动强度都随振次的增加呈减小趋势,最终都分别趋于一定值,最终数值大小都与波形有关,前者正弦波小于方波,后者正弦波大于方波。 相似文献
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Numerical Simulation of the Rock SHPB Test with a Special Shape Striker Based on the Discrete Element Method 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system with a special shape striker has been suggested as the test method by the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) to determine the dynamic characteristics of rock materials. In order to further verify this testing technique and microscopically reveal the dynamic responses of specimens in SHPB tests, a numerical SHPB test system was established based on particle flow code (PFC). Numerical dynamic tests under different impact velocities were conducted. Investigation of the stresses at the ends of a specimen showed that the specimen could reach stress equilibrium after several wave reverberations, and this balance could be maintained well for a certain time period after the peak stress. In addition, analyses of the reflected waves showed that there was a clear relationship between the variation of the reflected wave and the stress equilibrium state in the specimen, and the turning point of the reflected wave corresponded well with the peak stress in the specimen. Furthermore, the reflected waves can be classified into three types according to their patterns. Under certain impact velocities, the specimen deforms at a constant strain rate during the whole loading process. Finally, the influence of the micro-strength ratio ( \({{\tau_{\text{c}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\tau_{\text{c}} } {\sigma_{\text{c}} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {\sigma_{\text{c}} }}\) ) and distribution pattern on the dynamic increase factor (DIF) of the strength DIF were studied, and the lateral inertia confinement and heterogeneity were found to be two important factors causing the strain rate effect for rock materials. 相似文献