共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Gu Xiaoqiang Li Youhong Hu Jing Shi Zhenhao Liang Fayun Huang Maosong 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(8):3229-3243
Natural clays usually show anisotropic stiffness due to their deposition process and anisotropic in situ stress state. The stiffness anisotropy depends on both of the stress anisotropy and fabric anisotropy, while the latter can be quantified by the stiffness anisotropy at isotropic stress states. This paper measures the K0 value (i.e., stress anisotropy) and elastic shear stiffness anisotropy of natural Shanghai clay in a triaxial apparatus with horizontal and vertical bender elements. The results show that the K0 value of Shanghai clay lies in the range of 0.40–0.66, and an empirical equation is proposed to estimate the K0 value based on the plasticity index and initial void ratio. The fabric anisotropy of natural Shanghai clay lies in the range of 1.2–1.4 with a stronger fabric in the horizontal plane. Moreover, the experimental data of the stiffness anisotropy and fabric anisotropy of different clays in the literature are reviewed and analyzed. It reveals that the stiffness anisotropy generally increases, while the fabric anisotropy remains nearly the same during K0 consolidation. For normally consolidated clay, the fabric anisotropy generally lies in the range of 1.1–1.7. For overconsolidated clays, the fabric anisotropy generally increases as the overconsolidation ratio increases. Empirical equations are proposed to approximately estimate the fabric anisotropy of clays based on its stress normalized elastic shear stiffness.
相似文献2.
The mechanical behavior of natural clays is affected by their inherent anisotropy and metastable soil structure. A simple hierarchical model that considers initial anisotropy and destructuration was formulated within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. In the proposed model, stress sensitivity and a destructuration index were introduced to account for the degree of bonding and the rate of destructuration, respectively. An inclined yield surface was used to incorporate the effect of the initial anisotropy. The proposed model can be degenerated to the Modified Cam Clay model by setting the initial stress sensitivity equal to unity and using a horizontal yield surface. Reasonable agreement between the model simulations and the experimental results on a variety of stress paths demonstrated that the proposed model can capture well the deformation behavior of natural clay and reconstituted soil. The model was implemented into the finite element program for the numerical analysis of an embankment on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains. The numerical predictions were compared with the field-measured data in terms of embankment settlement. Additionally, the numerical simulations were analyzed in terms of horizontal displacements, excess pore water pressure, mean effective stress and volumetric strain. All of the simulations and comparisons indicate the importance of considering the effects of plastic anisotropy, interparticle bonding and destructuration caused by loading beyond yield stress and field disturbance in analyzing the behavior of an embankment on natural soft clay. 相似文献
3.
Hao Zhang 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2018,13(1):1-10
Natural soils such as clays exhibit a variety of features including anisotropy, destruction and overconsolidation. In this work, a constitutive model that is able to replicate those salient features of natural clays is presented. The model is based on the classical S-CLAY1 model, where the anisotropy of the soil is captured through the initial inclination and rotation of the yield surface. To account for overconsolidation, a parabolic Hvorslev envelope is adopted. The compression curve of the reconstituted soil is taken as the reference to describe the structural of the soil. Parameters of the proposed constitutive model all have clear physical meanings and can be conveniently determined from conventional triaixal tests. Numerical examples using the proposed model to simulate overconsolidated natural soils are presented and compared with existing experimental data, demonstrating the capability of the model. 相似文献
4.
在岩土破损力学基础上,基于微观破损机制,提出了考虑各向异性的结构性砂土本构理论。采用Lade-Duncan强度准则考虑中主应力对抗剪强度的影响;采用考虑颗粒排列组构的各向异性状态变量A反映各向异性对土体强度和变形的影响;通过相似扩大重塑土的屈服面反映结构性对土性的影响;通过引入非相关联流动法则考虑各向异性和结构性对土体塑性变形的影响。同时,将基于微观力学机制的损伤演化规律引入结构性土的硬化规律;该硬化规律同时考虑了塑性体积应变和剪切应变对各向异性结构性土强度的影响。然后将该模型用于模拟室内三轴压缩试验,初步验证了该模型的合理性和适用性。 相似文献
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在临界状态弹塑性力学的框架内,建立了可以考虑循环荷载作用下各向异性对饱和软土力学特性影响的边界面塑性模型。该模型采用非关联的流动法则,引入了反映土体各向异性的内变量,利用该内变量的初始值描述初始各向异性,采用一种理论更为严谨、模型参数确定更为恰当的旋转硬化法则描述循环加载过程中各向异性的演化,利用更新映射中心的径向映射法则和与塑性偏应变路径长度有关的塑性模量插值规律,保证模型能够模拟循环加载时应力-应变响应的非线性、滞回性、应变累积性等基本特性,解释了模型参数的物理意义和确定方法,特别是给出了一种合理确定描述土体初始各向异性状态变量方法。通过文献中等压固结和偏压固结饱和黏土的循环三轴试验结果与模型预测结果的对比验证了模型的合理性。 相似文献
6.
A new constitutive model for soft structured clays is developed based on an existing model called S‐CLAY1S, which is a Cam clay type model that accounts for anisotropy and destructuration. The new model (E‐SCLAY1S) uses the framework of logarithmic contractancy to introduce a new parameter that controls the shape of the yield surface as well as the plastic potential (as an assumed associated flow rule is applied). This new parameter can be used to fit the coefficient of earth pressure at rest, the undrained shear strength or the stiffness under shearing stress paths predicted by the model. The improvement to previous constitutive models that account for soil fabric and bonding is formulated within the contractancy framework such that the model predicts the uniqueness of the critical state line and its slope is independent of the contractancy parameter. Good agreement has been found between the model predictions and published laboratory results for triaxial compression tests. An important finding is that the contractancy parameter, and consequently the shape of the yield surface, seems to change with the degree of anisotropy; however, further study is required to investigate this response. From published data, the yield surface for isotropically consolidated clays seems ‘bullet’ or ‘almond’ shaped, similar to that of the Cam clay model; while for anisotropically consolidated clays, the yield surface is more elliptical, like a rotated and distorted modified Cam clay yield surface. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Burland于1990年提出重塑土的固有压缩特性,为定量评价天然沉积结构性黏性土的力学性质提供参考依据。通过对四种液限的重塑土进行大量的室内一维固结试验,重塑土样的初始含水率调整扩大为液限的0.7~2.0倍,探讨了初始含水率,液限对重塑土固有压缩特性的影响。结果表明:重塑土压缩曲线不仅与土的液限有关,还受初始含水率的影响; 在较低固结压力下,采用Burland引入的孔隙指数不能将不同初始含水率的重塑土压缩曲线归一化,但当固结压力超过约25kPa时,各种压缩曲线均可较好地归一化至重塑土的固有压缩曲线(ICL); 此外,重塑土固有压缩参数并非仅与土的液限有关,试验实测的结果显示出与Burland的固有压缩参数经验有一定的偏离,结合试验结果对其进行了修正。 相似文献
8.
This paper presents a novel, exact, semi-analytical solution for the quasi-static undrained expansion of a cylindrical cavity in soft soils with fabric anisotropy. This is the first theoretical solution of the undrained expansion of a cylindrical cavity under plane strain conditions for soft soils with anisotropic behaviour of plastic nature. The solution is rigorously developed in detail, introducing a new stress invariant to deal with the soil fabric. The semi-analytical solution requires numerical evaluation of a system of six first-order ordinary differential equations. The results agree with finite element analyses and show the influence of anisotropic plastic behaviour. The effective stresses at critical state are constant, and they may be analytically related to the undrained shear strength. The initial vertical cross-anisotropy caused by soil deposition changes towards a radial cross-anisotropy after cavity expansion. The analysis of the stress paths shows that proper modelling of anisotropic plastic behaviour involves modelling not only the initial fabric anisotropy but also its evolution with plastic straining. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a semi-analytical solution of undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in anisotropic soils with both isotropic and frictional destructuration. The rigorous derivation based on the general form of the SANICLAY model with destructuration is provided following a standardized solving procedure, and the features of anisotropy and structuration are then invoked in the cavity expansion solution by adopting the non-associated hierarchical model. Cavity expansion tests in both structured and unstructured clays with various overconsolidation ratio are conducted to investigate the evolutions of effective stresses, excess pore pressure, anisotropic parameters and structuration factors during cylindrical expansion. The results show that the effective stresses at the cavity wall are lower after expansion and the cavity excess pore pressure is oppositely higher in structured clays with slightly smaller plastic regions. The evolutions of anisotropy for structured clays appear to follow similar patterns to unstructured cases, whereas the degree of anisotropy is further developed with gradual loss of inter-particle bonds. Finally, the proposed solution is applied to predict the limit pressure of pressuremeter tests in Bothkennar clay, showing its ability for interpretation of in situ testing data in natural structured clays.
相似文献11.
Experiments indicate that in one-dimensionally consolidated natural clays the elastic anisotropy is much stronger than the plastic strain anisotropy. Moreover, the elastic anisotropy appears to be dependent on the pre-consolidation strain. Coupled elasto-plastic constitutive law is shown to be able to simulate these anisotropy effects of natural clay deposits. In this law the elastic potential is not only a function of stress, but additionly of the plastic strain. The plastic strain comprises the geological process of pre-consolidation idealized as an one-dimensional plastic straining as well as a mechanically induced strain due to engineering activity. Calibration of the model and simulation of some stress paths are presented and related to the classical experimental results by Mitchell (1972). 相似文献
12.
Kannan K. R. Iyer Jeevan Joseph Bruna C. F. L. Lopes D. N. Singh Alessandro Tarantino 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2018,13(2):88-103
The soil–water retention (SWR) characteristics of the clays play an important role in controlling their engineering behaviour, particularly, in the unsaturated state. Although, researchers have attempted to understand the water retention characteristics of the clays in their reconstituted or remoulded state, such studies are rare for the clays in their intact state. In this context, it becomes important to understand the influence of initial state of compaction, which would create different pore and fabric structure (viz., microstructure), on the water retention characteristics of the clays. With this in view, SWR behaviour was experimentally determined for the swelling clays (dried from different compaction states, viz., intact, reconstituted and remoulded) by employing Dewpoint PotentiaMeter (WP4C®). The changes in the pore size distribution of the clays at different stages of drying cycle were also studied by employing the Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry. The study reveals that the SWR curves for the intact and reconstituted specimens of the clays converge beyond a certain stage of drying. Also, a critical analysis of changes in the pore structure of the swelling clay specimens, during drying, indicates that the progressively deforming pore structure plays an important role in controlling its water retention characteristics to a great extent. 相似文献
13.
本文对原状软土和重塑软土进行渗透特性试验,考察了饱和软土的渗透特性。原状样加载初期,渗透系数变化较小,当固结应力大于结构屈服应力时,渗透系数急剧下降,而结构屈服应力前后阶段的孔隙比与渗透系数对数坐标的直线关系没有发生变化,说明胶结对渗透性的影响较小。重塑土的渗透系数在加载过程中变化相对较小。试验结果表明,相同孔隙比时原状土渗透系数要明显大于重塑土。这是由于两者的组构不一样,即原状样的大颗粒和凝聚体间的大孔隙以及历史上形成的土颗粒的排列使其渗流通道要比重塑土通畅。用相同重塑方式制样得到的不同含水量土样,其渗透系数值相近;而用不同重塑方式制样得到的相近含水量土样,其渗透系数相差相对较大。确定饱和软粘土渗透性时要考虑孔隙比和组构的影响。 相似文献
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人工制备初始应力各向异性结构性土方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对结构性黏土的研究可以掌握天然土受荷过程中的变形破坏过程,从而为考虑土结构性的结构物的设计、地基加固等提供依据。近年来随着高、深和大型建筑的兴建,结构性黏土的研究变得尤为重要。天然土都具有结构性和各向异性。发展了一种能够考虑初始应力各向异性影响的结构性土的人工制样方法。通过对原料粉质黏土中添加水泥形成颗粒之间的胶结作用,添加盐粒并溶解后形成大孔隙组构分布和在水化过程中的侧限应力状态的结构性土样的端部施加竖向荷载,从而人工制备了具有初始应力各向异性的结构性土样。然后对初始均质结构性土样、初始应力各向异性结构性土样和重塑土样进行了三轴固结排水剪切试验,初步分析了初始应力对结构性土样的应力-应变特性的影响和初始应力各向异性结构性土的破损机制。 相似文献
16.
A bounding surface model is formulated to simulate the behavior of clays that are subject to an anisotropic consolidation stress history. Conventional rotational hardening is revisited from the perspective of thermodynamics. As the free energy cannot be accumulated infinitely upon critical state failure, the deviatoric back stress must vanish. This requires the rotated yield surface to be turned back to eventually align on the hydrostatic axis in the stress plane. Noting that most of the previous propositions violate this restriction, an innovative rotational hardening rule is formulated that is thermodynamically admissible. The bounding surface framework that employs the modified yield surface is applied to simulate elastoplastic deformations for overconsolidated clays, with which the overprediction of strength on the “dry” side can be greatly improved with reasonable results. Other important features, including contractive or dilative response and hardening or softening behavior, can also be well-captured. It has been shown that the model can simulate three types of reconstituted clays that are sheared with initial conditions over a wide range of anisotropic consolidation stress ratios and overconsolidation ratios under both triaxial undrained and drained conditions. Limitations and potential improvement of the model regarding the fabric anisotropy at critical state have been discussed. 相似文献
17.
The porosity of soils is considered to be a directional measure and its distribution is characterized by a functional form. This form has been used to extend the critical state soil mechanics framework to include the effects of structure in soils. A new internal plastic energy dissipation formulation has been proposed to account for fabric arrangement. New expressions for the yield locus, and the plastic stress–strain response of structural soils have been derived. The applicability of the concepts to model the plastic stress–strain behaviour of a number of soils is illustrated. The advantage of the new model is very well identified in modelling the stress–strain behaviour of K0 consolidated and natural clays. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
天然土体的初始各向异性通常可对其后继循环特性产生显著影响。现有考虑循环载荷作用的土体弹塑性模型,往往采用类似修正剑桥模型的椭圆形屈服面,已有研究表明,该椭圆形屈服面因其拉伸弹性区域偏大,针对天然K0固结状态的土体,其计算精度较差。基于新近提出的广义各向同性硬化准则,在边界面方程中引入初始各向异性张量,并采用空间滑动面破坏准则（SMP）的变换应力法,建立了能考虑饱和黏土初始各向异性的循环边界面塑性模型。分别针对等压和偏压固结的饱和黏土静、动三轴试验进行模拟,结果表明,该模型能合理反映土体的初始各向异性及其后继循环动力特性。 相似文献
19.
考虑各向异性的软黏土扰动状态本构模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以大量试验结果为依据,运用物理意义明确、获取简便快捷、经济实用的土电阻率结构指标进行软黏土扰动变量的表征和测定。以三轴试验与电阻率测试结果为基础,进行了扰动函数的构建。在软黏土扰动状态描述中,引入旋转硬化因子,用以考虑应力诱发各向异性,进而构建了考虑各向异性的软黏土扰动状态概念本构模型。模型从一定程度上克服了传统扰动变量获取方法的弊端,克服了传统借用数学演绎手段建立扰动函数的不足,提高了模型应用的适用性。在模型构建中,融入初始应力各向异性的影响,从而使模型能更好地反映软土实际工程情况。三轴排水剪切试验验证结果表明,该模型可较好反映软黏土受荷下的结构变化情况和受力特性。 相似文献
20.
为了研究土体结构破坏对软黏土一维变形的时效特性的影响,在Bjerrum的等时间线体系基础上,提出了等黏塑性应变率线等黏塑性应变率线概念,建立了非结构性软黏土的一维弹黏塑性模型;为了描述土体结构渐进破坏特征,定义了结构性参数--结构应变,在非结构性模型的基础上推导了结构性软黏土一维弹黏塑性模型;讨论了通过试验法直接确定模型参数的方法,并利用新建模型对温州天然软黏土的一维常规压缩试验、天然Ariake 黏土的分级快速固结试验、结构性Berthierville黏土的一维等应变率压缩试验及长期蠕变试验进行模拟。模拟与试验结果的对比表明,该模型能较好地描述结构性软黏土一维压缩变形的时效特征。 相似文献