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1.
抗滑桩广泛应用于边坡支护工程,但路桥不稳定边坡抗滑桩对其进行加固时,其在地震作用下的动力响应问题仍未定论。以道真至瓮安高速公路河槽大桥不稳定边坡治理工程为依托,以SIMQKE_GR软件拟合地震设计反应谱,利用FLAC3D有限差分软件建立数值模型,对比地震作用下抗滑桩等支挡结构设立与否对路桥不稳定边坡的动力响应变化规律的影响。结果表明:（1）加速度放大系数无论是沿坡内还是抗滑桩,其值沿竖向均存在一定的震荡变化,但在抗滑桩支护情况下,其震荡幅度明显变小,加速度放大系数变化更平稳。（2）速度放大系数随着高度的增加逐渐减小,未加抗滑桩时速度放大系数在顶层附近出现大幅度波动,添加了抗滑桩的情况下其震荡幅度明显趋缓,变化更稳定。（3）坡体在施加抗滑桩后,治理效果明显,残余位移最大值由无抗滑桩的16.9 cm变为有抗滑桩的1 cm,但最大值均位于边坡表层碎石土和粉质黏土附近。 相似文献
2.
Newmark永久位移是评价边坡在地震时稳定性的一个重要指标,近年来广泛应用于地震边坡危险性评价中。传统Newmark永久位移法在计算临界加速度时假定其为常数,未考虑滑动面上抗剪强度参数的变化,过低估计了边坡的永久位移。为了解决这一问题,本文从岩土结构理论获得思路,详细分析滑块底面抗剪强度参数在地震中的变化过程,以边坡震动过程中黏聚力逐步丧失为基本思路,在黏聚力符合一定概率分布的基础上,提出了一种利用蒙特卡罗法模拟其动态减小过程从而实现临界加速度动态变化的计算方法。经过算例计算,黏聚力和临界加速度体现了地震过程中边坡滑块黏聚力和临界加速度的动态变化,位移大小符合地震边坡实际位移的常规数值。本文提出的蒙特卡罗法实现动态黏聚力和动态临界加速度的计算过程与地震时程相对应,不仅在一定程度上解决了抗剪强度参数的动态变化问题,还解决了传统Newmark位移计算中永久位移比实际位移偏小的问题。 相似文献
3.
高边坡在水平动荷载作用下的动力响应规律研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
高岩石边坡在水平动荷载作用下的动力响应规律是有关工程界十分关心的问题。本文通过大量的数值模拟分析对边坡的动力响应规律进行研究，发现了高岩石边坡在水平动荷载下动力响应的加速度、速度、位移三量放大系数等值线在边坡剖面上分布的规律性特点。对于一定的岩土体材料，当边坡高度在一定时，边坡动力响应的加速度、速度、位移三量会随着边坡角度的增大而减小；当边坡的角度一定时，边坡动力响应的加速度、速度、位移三量会随着边坡高度的增加而放大；边坡的下覆岩层的材料特性对于边坡的动力响应的加速度、速度、位移三量的放大作用的影响具有一定的规律性；边坡动力响应的加速度、速度二量受动荷载的特征周期影响较位移明显，具有一定的规律性。边坡的边缘部位对振动的反应幅值较之内部存在放大现象，坡度决定了三量分布的等值线方向的走向。其结论性成果体现了高岩石边坡的地震动力响应特征，为高边坡工程提供理论基础和实践依据。 相似文献
4.
Conventional methods of designing earth structures are based on pseudo-static stability analysis employing a horizontal seismic coefficient. This paper discusses the stability and permanent displacement of a slope subject to combined horizontal and vertical accelerations. A log-spiral failure mechanism is used. It is shown that seismic force has a significant effect on stability and permanent displacement of slopes. The parametric study reveals that vertical acceleration may play an important role on stability and permanent displacement if the corresponding horizontal acceleration is large. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Seismic permanent displacement of the soil walls plays an important role in design of these structures. Due to the increase in growth of urban areas and the limitations in use of flat grounds, many structures are built near slopes and retaining walls. During earthquakes, these structures can apply an additional surcharge on the wall. The intensity and location of the surcharge is of considerable importance on the seismic displacements of the soil wall. In this study, by using the limit analysis and upper bound theorem, seismic permanent displacement of the soil wall under surcharge has been analyzed. Thus, a formulation is presented for calculating the yield acceleration and seismic displacement for different surcharge conditions. The effect of seismic acceleration, surcharge intensity, its location and soil properties is investigated. A parameter called the “displacement coefficient” is proposed, and is a potential modification for Newmark’s sliding-block method. 相似文献
6.
Effects of vertical seismic acceleration on 3D slope stability 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The conventional pseudo-static approach often neglects the effect of the vertical seismic acceleration on the stability of a slope, but some analyses under plane-strain (2D) conditions show a significant effect on the slope stability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the vertical acceleration on the safety of three-dimensional (3D) slopes. In the strict framework of limit analysis, a 3D kinematically admissible rotational failure mechanism is adopted here for 3D homogeneous slopes in frictional/cohesive soils. A set of stability charts is presented in a wide range of parameters for 3D slopes under combined horizontal and vertical seismic loading conditions. Accounting for the effects of the vertical seismic acceleration, the difference in safety factors for 3D slopes can exceed 10%, which will significantly overestimate the safety of the 3D slopes. 相似文献
7.
在区域边坡地震危险性评价中主要采用永久位移预测模型进行地震边坡永久位移计算。永久位移预测模型以Newmark滑块理论为基础,通过大量实测地震时程记录统计拟合得出。针对Newmark理论中滑动面抗剪强度参数保持不变和已有位移预测模型的计算位移小于实测位移的问题,利用动态临界加速度理论,分别构建含有峰值加速度和阿里亚斯强度的两种位移预测模型。对该模型计算出的永久位移合理性进行讨论,发现永久位移计算结果符合滑坡实测位移的数量级。采用本文模型计算的永久位移更加接近地震滑坡位移实际大小,可以解决一直存在的预测位移小于实测位移的问题。在更进一步讨论发展的基础上,本文模型可满足更多的理论应用和工程实际,为区域边坡地震危险性评价提供思路。 相似文献
8.
Different models were developed for evaluating the probabilistic three-dimensional (3D) stability analysis of earth slopes and embankments under earthquake loading using both the safety factor and the displacement criteria of slope failure. In the 3D analysis, the critical and total slope widths become two new and important parameters.The probabilistic models evaluate the probability of failure under seismic loading considering the different sources of uncertainties involved in the problem, i.e. uncertainties stemming from the discrepancies between laboratory-measured and in-situ values of shear strength parameters, randomness of earthquake occurrence, and earthquake-induced acceleration. The models also takes into consideration the spatial variabilities and correlations of soil properties.Five probabilistic models of earthquake-induced displacement were developed based on the non-exceedance of a limited value criterion. Moreover, a probabilistic model for dynamic slope stability analysis was developed based on 3D dynamic safety factor.These models are formulated and incorporated within a computer program (PTDDSSA).A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the different parameters involved in the developed models by applying those models to a well-known landslides (Selset landslide) under different levels of seismic hazard.The parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different input parameters on the resulting critical failure width, 3D dynamic safety factor, earthquake-induced displacement and the probability of failure. Input parameters include: average values and coefficients of variations of water table, cohesion and angle of friction for effective stress analysis, scales of fluctuations in both distance and time, hypocentral distance, earthquake magnitude, earthquake strong shaking period, etc.The hypocentral distance and earthquake magnitude were found to have major influence on the earthquake-induced displacement, probability of failure (i.e. probability of allowable displacement exceedance), and dynamic 2D and 3D safety factors. 相似文献
9.
The paper focuses on seismic sliding displacement calculations of gravity wall bridge abutments when subjected to passive condition during earthquakes. Pseudo-dynamic approach has been used for the calculation of the passive seismic earth pressure. A novel element of the present investigation is the computation of seismic passive earth pressure coefficients by considering the composite curved rupture surface behind the abutment wall in the framework of limit equilibrium method. Sliding failure along the wall base is considered in the new pseudo-dynamic method. The critical seismic acceleration coefficient for sliding and sliding component of the displacement, resulting from horizontal and vertical sinusoidal ground accelerations, are computed by using Newmark's sliding block method. The effect of sliding on the response of earth structures is evaluated and comparisons are made between sliding displacements calculated using planar and composite failure mechanisms. Results of the comparative study showed that the assumption of planar failure mechanism for rough soil–wall interfaces significantly overestimates the critical seismic accelerations for sliding and underestimates the sliding displacements. 相似文献
10.
Cement-mixed piles, as countermeasure against liquefaction of silt and sand ground, can improve the shear strength and bearing capacity of foundation soil, meaning cement-mixed piles are capable of resisting displacement when an earthquake happens. However, investigations of cement-mixed piles by experimental methods such as the shaking table test is few and far between. It is especially true for the seismic performance of cement-mixed piles in liquefiable railway foundations in high seismic intensity regions. To this end, a cross-section of the Yuxi-Mengzi railway was selected as the prototype and studied by the shaking table test in this study. The results showed that composite foundation of cement-mixed piles was not liquefied when the seismic acceleration was lower than 0.30g. In the process of acceleration increasing from 0.30g at 2Hz to 0.60g at 3Hz, the upper middle silt outside slope toe was partly liquefied. The foundation soil under the shoulders and center of subgrade was far from the initial liquefaction criterion during the test. Cement-mixed piles can effectively reduce the embankment settlement and differential settlement. It can be concluded that, the design of cement-mixed piles can ensure the seismic performance of the subgrade, and satisfy the seismic design requirements of the Yuxi-Mengzi railway in areas of VⅢ degrees seismic fortification intensity. 相似文献
11.
Seismic stability analysis of reinforced slopes 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In this paper, the seismic stability of slopes reinforced with geosynthetics is analysed within the framework of the pseudo-static approach. Calculations are conducted by applying the kinematic theorem of limit analysis. Different failure modes are considered, and for each analytical expressions are derived that enable one to readily calculate the reinforcement force required to prevent failure and the yield acceleration of slopes subjected to earthquake loading. Several results are presented in order to illustrate the influence of seismic forces on slope stability. Moreover, a suitable procedure based on the assessment of earthquake-induced permanent displacement is proposed for the design of reinforced slopes in seismically active areas. 相似文献
12.
基于动态临界加速度计算地震边坡永久位移的方法应用了边坡分布的不均匀性,不均匀分布程度影响着永久位移计算结果。研究Newmark滑块底部或潜在滑动面上抗剪强度参数的分布特征,有利于了解地震过程中临界加速度的分布和变化过程,为地震边坡永久位移计算参数选取提供依据。通过计算发现：边坡土体标准差的线性关系比较微弱,在缺乏实验数据时,仅可参考使用;黏聚力随机数个数达到200时所计算的永久位移数值不再有波动;黏聚力无论设置为正态分布还是对数正态分布均不影响永久位移计算结果;黏聚力标准差的数值大小对永久位移的大小和离散性影响很大。在地震边坡计算时,尽量将其设置为符合正态分布;尽量根据实测数据设定黏聚力标准差,若缺乏实测资料,可参考两者的线性关系并结合经验进行标准差设定。 相似文献
13.
Deterministic sliding block methods for estimating seismic displacements of earth structures 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A review and quantitative comparison of existing deterministic sliding block methods for predicting permanent displacements of earth structures subjected to seismic loading is presented. The reviewed sliding block methods are divided into two main groups based on the characteristic earthquake parameters referenced in each method. One group uses the maximum horizontal ground acceleration and velocity, and the other uses the maximum horizontal ground acceleration and the predominant period of the acceleration spectrum. Displacement functions published by previous authors are reformulated to give common non-dimensionalized displacement functions of the critical acceleration ratio which are then used to compare the different methods for the estimate of permanent seismic displacement of soil structures. The results show that despite the fact that the different methods were formulated using a wide range of earthquake records and different characteristic seismic parameters, permanent displacement values predicted using these methods fall within a reasonably narrow band. Selected acceleration data from three recent earthquakes that occurred in California are used to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the reviewed displacement methods for practical applications. 相似文献
14.
为了更科学地评价地震荷载作用下土钉支护季节冻土边坡的抗震性能，基于热-动力理论控制方程，应用大型非线性有限元软件ABAQUS，建立带有黏弹性人工边界的地震荷载作用下土钉支护季节冻土边坡的数值模型，对比分析夏季和冬季这两个典型季节时的加速度响应、位移响应以及土钉轴力响应。结果表明：无论是夏季还是冬季，加速度峰值随着季节冻土边坡高程以及激振加速度峰值增加而增加，在夏季时刻的季节冻土边坡坡顶位置处达到最大。此外，在不同地震波峰值加速度作用下，相同位置处的位移响应峰值却有明显的不同，同一地震烈度地震波激震时，夏季的季节冻土边坡坡顶位移最大，表明地震荷载对夏季的季节冻土边坡坡顶破坏效应最为明显，土钉轴力具有高程放大效应和坡面放大效应，季节冻土边坡坡底至坡顶的土钉端部轴力峰值逐渐增大。文中数值模拟模型及结论可为制定地震荷载作用下土钉支护季节冻土边坡抗震设计提供一定的参考。 相似文献
15.
为研究液化场地变截面桩的动力响应,依托翔安大桥实体工程,采用有限元软件,建立变截面桩－土和等截面桩－土相互作用模型,模拟液化场地变截面桩及等截面桩在地震作用下的振动反应,分析在地震作用下变截面位置不同的变截面桩及等截面桩的动力响应特征。结果表明:地震作用下,液化土层不同深度处的孔压比变化规律基本相同,均从0逐渐增大最后趋于稳定;变截面桩的桩身加速度和桩身位移均大于等截面桩,且桩顶加速度峰值出现的时刻均滞后于桩底;在饱和砂土层处,桩身位移变化趋势均较陡;变截面桩的桩身弯矩峰值和桩身剪力峰值均大于等截面桩,且其峰值出现的位置较等截面桩深;地震作用下,变截面桩及等截面桩的弯矩与剪力均在安全范围之内;液化场地变截面梁桥桩基础抗震设计时,应着重分析液化土层与非液化土层分界面以下的抗弯能力设计及液化土层中抗剪能力设计。 相似文献
16.
爆破地震作用下桩-土-结构相互作用的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土-结构动力相互作用是地震工程和结构抗震的重要研究内容,但目前对爆破地震作用下土-结构动力相互作用的研究较少。运用大型有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,建立了桩-土-结构相互作用体系的三维有限元模型,由桩尖输入实测爆破地震波,取得了良好的计算效果。计算结果表明：考虑桩-土-结构相互作用后,群桩基础中每个桩的位移、加速度和剪应力幅值均呈桩顶大、桩尖小的倒三角分布,桩与承台的接合部比较容易受到损坏;桩-土-结构相互作用体系在爆破地震波冲击后,还会发生几次振动,但是这些振动产生的影响要小于爆破地震产生的影响,这与实测结果相符合;爆破地震波冲击下,群桩基础中,角桩顶部表面的桩土接触压力较大,但在爆破地震波冲击后,中心桩顶部表面的桩土接触压力较大,且具有一定的周期性,直至衰减为零。 相似文献
17.
提出一种组合型减震结构,由钢框架、节点阻尼器和原结构连接组成,外附钢框架将节点阻尼器连接在原混凝土框架结构上形成的增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构,节点阻尼器的剪切滞回变形可以减小结构自身需要消耗的能量,从而提高原结构抗震性能。对原混凝土结构和增设节点阻尼器的组合型结构进行了的振动台试验。通过分析结构在不同地震波激励下的加速度和位移响应,得出楼层加速度和层位移的减震效果。研究结果表明:该结构体系在小震作用下通过提高结构刚度来增强其抗震性能;在大震作用下则可借助节点阻尼器的变形耗能来提升结构耗能能力,结构加速度减震系数达到53%,层间位移减震系数高达72%,验证了增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构的减震效果。 相似文献
18.
Flow and deformation failure of sandy slopes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The effects of earthquake induced pore pressure on seismic and post seismic stability conditions of cohesionless slopes are investigated with reference to the infinite slope scheme. In cohesionless slopes the shear strength reduction caused by pore pressure build-up may lead the slope to a deformation failure or to a flow failure if liquefaction conditions are approached. Two critical values of the seismic induced pore pressure ratio are introduced to evaluate the effect of shear strength reduction on the slope failure mechanism. The results are given in the form of stability charts and a procedure for the evaluation of the seismic stability condition is described. The procedure gives useful information about the failure mechanism that slopes may exhibit and the displacement analysis which should be carried out. 相似文献
19.
Seismic performance of natural slopes, earth structures and solid-waste landfills can be evaluated through displacement-based methods in which permanent displacements induced by earthquake loading are assumed to progressively develop along the critical sliding surface as a result of transient activation of plastic mechanisms within the soil mass. For sliding mechanisms of general shape the earthquake-induced displacements should be computed using a model that provides a closer approximation of sliding surface. When large permanent displacement are induced by seismic actions, due to substantial shear strength reduction, and significant changes in ground surface occur, an improved estimate of permanent displacement can be obtained using a model which accounts for shear strength reduction and mass transfer between adjacent portions of the slope resulting from geometry changes of ground surface during the seismic event.In this paper, a GLE-based model is proposed for seismic displacement analysis of slopes that accounts for shear strength degradation and for geometry rearrangement. Model accuracy is validated against experimental results obtained from shaking table tests carried out on small scale model slopes. Comparison of computed and experimental results demonstrates the capability of the proposed approach in capturing the main features of the observed seismic response of the model slopes. 相似文献
20.
桩板式挡土结构由抗滑桩发展而来,可用于一般地区、浸水地区和地震区的边坡工程支挡;对于地震区边坡,采用单排或双排支挡结构的形式及其支挡效果尚缺少深入研究。本文基于地震力作用下单排、双排桩板结构在不同加载等级时的桩身土压力、土体加速度、桩身位移等变化的振动台模型试验结果,对比采用单排、双排桩板结构边坡的支挡效果,得出静力状态和不同加速度峰值地震力作用桩前后土压力分布、桩后土体加速度分布和桩体位移的一些规律,为今后边坡桩板式支挡结构的抗震设计提供参考。 相似文献