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1.
A. V. Leonov V. M. Pishchal’nik V. S. Arkhipkin O. V. Chicherina 《Water Resources》2010,37(4):528-564
This study has no analogues in terms of methodology, as it uses three electronic instruments for studying the oceanographic
regime of Tatar Strait. GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” was used to reconstruct annual variations in hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics
of the marine environment at standard horizons of oceanographic stations in fixed geographic coordinates. An adapted version
of the Oceanic Model created in Bergen University was used to reconstruct the spatial and temporal distribution of seawater
temperature and salinity, to calculate the density and the circulation rate of water masses and water exchange parameters
between the strait and nearby water areas and between regions within the strait. The hydroecological CNPSi-model was next
used to assess the annual dynamics of concentrations of biogenic element compounds; the biomasses, biohydrochemical activity,
and bioproductivity of microorganisms (heterotrophic bacteria, three phytoplankton and two zooplankton groups), involved in
transformation of biogenic substances, as well as the internal fluxes of biogenic substances, governed by microorganism activity
and the external load onto the marine ecosystem. Analysis of calculation results made it possible to reveal new features in
water circulation in the strait (including those for winter) and, for the first time, to analyze the transport regime of biogenic
substances through the external boundaries of Tatar Strait and through the boundaries of three regions identified within the
strait. 相似文献
2.
The conditions of transformations of biogenic substances and the redistribution of their concentrations in the shelf water
of Sakhalin Island are studied. Preliminary works have given the results for the water area of La Perouse Strait and Aniva
Bay (the Sea of Okhotsk), while this paper gives such results for Tatar Strait (the Sea of Japan). Three electronic instruments
of oceanographic studies are applied: an adapted version of Bergen Oceanic Model (for the reconstruction of the space and
time distribution of seawater temperature, salinity, and density; the circulation intensity of water masses; and water exchange
parameters with nearby water areas and within the strait); GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” (for the reconstruction of annual variations
in thermohaline characteristics on a standard grid and horizons of oceanographic stations, and the parameters of the aquatic
environment); hydroecological CNPSi-model (for studying the annual dynamics of biogenic element compounds, the biomasses,
biohydrochemical activity and bioproduction of microorganisms—bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton, taking part in transformation
of biogenic substances and petroleum hydrocarbons, as well as the internal fluxes of biogenic substances governed by the activity
of microorganisms and the external load on the marine ecosystem). The results of modeling the spatial transport of biogenic
substances through the outer boundaries of Tatar Strait water area and the boundaries of the three areas identified within
it are presented and discussed. 相似文献
3.
The biohydrochemical features of the Caspian Sea ecosystem were estimated for its ten water areas with the use of a mathematical model describing the transformation of compounds of organogenic elements (C, Si, N, and P) and taking into account the morphometric characteristics of the water areas and long-term mean monthly values of the major characteristics of the aquatic environment. Variations in the estimated concentrations of mineral and aggregated biogenic substance fractions, microorganism biomasses (heterotrophic bacteria, three phytoplankton groups and two zooplankton groups) in different water areas of the sea were analyzed. The formation conditions of microorganism biomasses in different water areas are characterized by the analysis of their bioproductivity estimates based on evaluated internal biogenic substance fluxes. 相似文献
4.
A hydroecological model is used for simultaneous studying water pollution processes by petroleum hydrocarbons and their decay
under the oceanographic conditions of Tatar Strait. The model calculations were based on long-term averaged observational
data on interannual variations of water temperature, light intensity, and transparency. Some oceanographic characteristics
of the strait were reconstructed with the help of GIS “Sakhalin Shelf.” The strait’s water area was divided into three regions,
and water exchange between them and the neighboring regions of the Sea of Japan was estimated by a hydrodynamic model. The
results of the study made it possible to assess interannual variations in the concentrations and inner fluxes of petroleum
hydrocarbons, oil-oxidizing bacteria biomasses, and the characteristics of their oxidation activity. 相似文献
5.
Numerical modeling with the help of an oceanic model developed in the Bergen University and with mean annual data was used to carry out monthly calculations of water circulation fields in Tatar Strait, to calculate the vertical velocities and horizontal transfer rates between three areas identified within the strait and on its external boundaries. Analysis of calculation results revealed new features in water circulation in the strait (in particular, in winter) and made it possible, for the first time, to jointly evaluate water exchange components on the external boundaries and within the strait. 相似文献
6.
Functioning of the White Sea Ecosystem: Studying the Transformations of Organogenic Substances Using a Mathematical Model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Long-term observational data on hydrology, hydrochemistry, and hydrobiology are generalized and used for systems analysis of the biohydrochemical transformation processes of organic and biogenic substances in a marine environment. An ecological model with the systematized data is used to assess the annual dynamics of concentrations of organic and mineral N, P, and Si compounds and dissolved organic C and O2 in eight water areas within the White Sea at specified conditions of water mass transport, river runoff, and water exchange with the Barents Sea. Variations in the biomasses of the major transformers of organic and biogenic substances (heterotrophic bacteria, phyto- and zooplankton, and microphytes) and their biological production were also evaluated. These characteristics serve as indicators of the state of the water environment, the presence of nutrients in it, and their import from outside. 相似文献
7.
Statistical modeling and GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” are used to restore the annual variations of water temperature and salinity
at standard oceanographic stations in Tatar Strait, where observation series are about 45 years long. Numerical modeling techniques
with the help of Bergen University model are used to restore the spatial fields of water temperature and salinity. Analysis
of calculation results made it possible to identify new features of the hydrological regime in the strait, in particular,
during winter, for which no generalizations have been made before. 相似文献
8.
A hydroecological model is used to study the transformations of biogenic-element (N, P, C, and Si) compounds in different parts of the Caspian Sea. The existing notions of the biotransformation processes of these compounds in the marine environment are formalized. The state of the marine environment is characterized based on calculated annual dynamics of biogenic element concentrations, their relationships, and internal fluxes. Relationships between the concentrations of N and P mineral components are used to establish distinctions between different parts of the sea in the conditions of primary production limited by biogenic elements, as well as the development conditions of aquatic lifeforms (nutrient consumption, release of metabolic products, and detritus formation). 相似文献
9.
The available observational data on variations of oil hydrocarbon concentrations in White Sea tributaries and in individual parts of the sea are analyzed, and the contributions of different external sources to marine environment pollution are evaluated. The results of calculations are used to determine the possible total input of hydrocarbons from additional potential sources—internal natural (production by microorganisms) and external anthropogenic (navigation and sea shipping), which are most active in the summer and autumn. The hydroecological CNPSi-model is used to reproduce the processes of pollution of nine areas in the White Sea by oil hydrocarbons and their subsequent biodegradation in the marine environment. The annual dynamics of hydrocarbon concentrations was calculated using the long-term annual observations of monthly variations of the temperature, light intensity, and transparency of water, data on the morphometry of sea areas (the squares, mean depths, and water volumes) and water exchange between the chosen areas, calculated by a hydrodynamic model. For large bays (Dvina, Kandalaksha), the calculated concentrations of oil hydrocarbons are shown to be in agreement with the available estimates (the mean and maximal concentrations). The annual variations of oil hydrocarbon concentrations; the biomasses, oxidation activity and bioproduction characteristics of oil hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria are characterized. The calculated internal fluxes of oil hydrocarbons (the inputs from different sources, horizontal transport, and biotransformation) were used to calculate their annual balances for individual areas and the sea as a whole, showing the balanced character of their fluxes with the total balance discrepancies for individual areas varying within 0.3–4.1%. 相似文献
10.
T. A. Mikhailik P. Ya. Tishchenko A. M. Koltunov P. P. Tishchenko M. G. Shvetsova 《Water Resources》2011,38(4):512-521
Seasonal variations in biogenic substances (nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, phosphates, and silicates), dissolved oxygen, dissolved
organic matter, chlorophyll, humus, and suspended matter at seven stations on the Razdol’naya River are examined. Based on
seasonal variations, the local sources of river water pollution by biogenic substances were identified. The annual and daily
fluxes of biogenic substances through the Razdol’naya River into Amur Bay are calculated. A diffuse pollution source—agricultural
fields in river valley—are shown to be the main source of biogenic substance fluxes. The vast hypoxia in the bottom water
of Amur Bay, detected by the authors in 2007 and 2008, is supposed to be mostly caused by floods on the Razdol’naya R., which
create favorable conditions of water blooming in Amur Bay in summer. The biomass of dead phytoplankton, experiencing microbiological
decomposition and oxidation, causes hypoxia of bottom waters in the bay. 相似文献
11.
Mathematical modeling is used to study the conditions of natural biotransformation of biogenic element compounds (containing C, N, P, Si) in five areas within Aniva Bay. The input data for the model are evaluated with the use of GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” and the available reference literature on the bay oceanography. Water masses that transferred through the boundaries between the areas were evaluated based on the values of water level, river runoff, atmospheric precipitation, evaporation, and the volume of water in the bay, all of which vary as a result of water heating. The model was used to evaluate annual variations in the concentrations of organic and mineral fractions of these elements and the biomasses of planktonic organisms for the five areas in the bay. Modeling results also allowed the assessment of biogenic substance input with river runoff into Lososei Bay. Based on the internal fluxes of substances, the monthly and annual aquatic animal production was evaluated. 相似文献
12.
Literary data have been used to assess the inflow of petroleum hydrocarbons (with river runoff, precipitation, wastewaters, sea transport, and at ice thawing) into different regions of the White Sea. The hydroecological CNPSi-model was used as an instrument to reproduce the annual dynamics of hydrocarbon concentrations at their parallel inflow and subsequent transformation in the waters of the nine White Sea regions (the bays of Kandalaksha, Onega, Dvina, and Mezen; the Solovetskie Islands; the deep-water part: Bassein, Gorlo, Voronka, and Chupa Bay). The calculations were based on normal annual values of monthly variations of water temperature, light intensity, and transparency, the morphometric parameters of the regions (water areas, mean depths, and water volumes) and water exchange between the regions and with the Barents Sea (calculated by a hydrodynamic model). The calculated concentrations of hydrocarbons, the biomasses and activity characteristics of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria have been analyzed (their values were estimated for the 2-m surface water layer). The results of calculations were used to evaluate hydrocarbon balances for regions and the sea as a whole. The calculations demonstrate the balanced character of hydrocarbon fluxes, the balance discrepancy for the regions being <0.1–16.1%. 相似文献
13.
The transformation conditions of oil hydrocarbons in water are considered for the case of Karkinitskii Bay, the Black Sea, where gas deposits have been developed actively in recent years and oil product pollution of marine environment has been recorded repeatedly. Data on measured oil hydrocarbon concentrations, their input into the northwestern part of the Black Sea, and experimental estimates of oil decomposition in the marine environment are presented. The biotransformation conditions of oil hydrocarbons are simulated by reproducing the biochemical activity of microflora and effecting substrate consumption processes, metabolic product excretions, and biomass decay. These processes maintain the biogenic substance turnover in water environment. The calculations are based on the morphometric characteristics of Karkinitskii Bay, and mean long-term data on the monthly dynamics of marine environmental characteristics (temperature, light intensity, transparency, atmospheric precipitation, and the characteristics of water regime and Danube runoff). A check calculation was performed to reproduce the concentration dynamics of biogenic substances and oil products with allowance made for the effect of river runoff and background pollution of the marine environment. The numerical scenarios take into account the marine environmental pollution conditions (an immediate discharge of 1000, 500, or 200 t of oil products per week) in winter, spring, summer, and autumn. The obtained model estimates of the rates of oil product decomposition and oxygen consumption are shown to agree well with experimental data. The time required for the concentration of oil products to reach the MAC after pollution of the marine environment is estimated. 相似文献
14.
Results of comprehensive experimental hydrophysical and hydrochemical studies of deep-sea municipal wastewater discharge to the marine environment are presented. Relationships between variations in the rates of physical dilution, destruction of unstable organic matter contained in municipal wastewater, and utilization of biogenic compounds by phytoplankton are determined. The contribution of physical dilution and utilization of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and phosphates to the process of marine environment self-purification is estimated for different depths of wastewater discharge. 相似文献
15.
The trophic state of the Ivankovo Reservoir is evaluated based on the characteristics of phytoplankton development and silt accumulation. Data on the space and time distribution of plant pigments in silt deposits are examined. Correlation between plant pigments and the main characteristics of silts are established. The ratio of chlorophyll content of the normal annual layer of sediment accumulation to the annual primary production of phytoplankton is calculated. The bedding of gray clayey silts onto gray sandy silts is shown to correlate with an increase in pigment concentrations in the top sediment horizons. 相似文献
16.
Study on the transverse structures across Taiwan Strait 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The mountain ranges are almost NE- or NNE-trending in mainland and Taiwan island across the strait. But a number of correspondent
transverse structures across Taiwan Strait have been identified on the basis of morphology, surface structure, deep seismic
survey and gravity field etc. Moreover, it is inferred from the square or/and rectangular shape of the isoseist maps of 8
M≥ 6 earthquakes occurring in the western foothill plain of Taiwan that there is an apparent segmentation of the Taiwan Island
along the N-S orientation. This has been verified from the GPS’s results of the ground motions measured during the Chi-Chi
earthquake in 1999. As a matter of fact, the transverse structures within the Taiwan Island could be correlated with more
salient NW- and EW-trending structures in the mainland of Fujian than in Taiwan. The investigation of the transverse structures
across Taiwan Strait is conducive to realizing the geology within the strait. Hence, the tectonic sketch map of the strait
as well as mainland and island drawn in this context shows NW- and EW-trending structures for the study area. 相似文献
17.
Sergey V. Prants Andrey G. Andreev Michael Yu. Uleysky Maxim V. Budyansky 《Ocean Dynamics》2014,64(6):771-780
Using Lagrangian methods, we analyze a 20-year-long estimate of water flux through the Kamchatka Strait in the northern North Pacific based on AVISO velocity field. It sheds new light on the flux pattern and its variability on annual and monthly time scales. Strong seasonality in surface outflow through the strait could be explained by temporal changes in the wind stress over the northern and western Bering Sea slopes. Interannual changes in a surface outflow through the Kamchatka Strait correlate significantly with the Near Strait inflow and Bering Strait outflow. Enhanced westward surface flow of the Alaskan Stream across the 174°E section in the northern North Pacific is accompanied by an increased inflow into the Bering Sea through the Near Strait. In summer, the surface flow pattern in the Kamchatka Strait is determined by the passage of anticyclonic and cyclonic mesoscale eddies. The wind stress over the Bering basin in winter–spring is responsible for eddy generation in the region. 相似文献
18.
Normal annual data are used to evaluate the within-year variations in the concentrations of biogenic substances (organic and mineral components of N and P, dissolved organic carbon, inorganic Si) in the major tributaries of the Caspian Sea. Variations in the concentrations of biogenic substances are analyzed, the relationships between their mass concentrations in individual months are evaluated, and correlation between the organic and mineral components of N and P and their aggregated fractions are established. The obtained high-significance correlation between the concentrations of N and P components suggests that the rates of biochemical processes of biogenic substance transformation taking place in the water of tributaries are commensurable. 相似文献
19.
An oil spill-food chain interaction model, composed of a multiphase oil spill model (MOSM) and a food chain model, has been developed to assess the probable impacts of oil spills on several key marine organisms (phytoplankton, zooplankton, small fish, large fish and benthic invertebrates). The MOSM predicts oil slick thickness on the water surface; dissolved, emulsified and particulate oil concentrations in the water column; and dissolved and particulate oil concentrations in bed sediments. This model is used to predict the fate of oil spills and transport with respect to specific organic compounds, while the food chain model addresses the uptake of toxicant by marine organisms. The oil spill-food chain interaction model can be used to assess the environmental impacts of oil spills in marine ecosystems. The model is applied to the recent Evoikos-Orapin Global oil spill that occurred in the Singapore Strait. 相似文献
20.
In the Eastern part of the English Channel, high biomasses of the phytoplankton prymnesiophyceae Phaeocystisglobosa (reaching biomasses over 20 microg Chlal(-1)) are a recurrent spring event (March-June). A significant part of the pelagic Phaeocystis-derived organic matter can be broken down in the sandy permeable sediment that makes up most of the intertidal zone in this part of the Channel. Sediment characteristics, macrofaunal distribution, bacterial biomass, organic carbon content, sediment oxygen demand (SOD), and the sediment-water flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and silicates were calculated for an exposed sandy beach (Wimereux, France) over a two-year period (2004-2006). According to the data collected, the SOD remains relatively low throughout the whole survey (64-306 micromol m(-2)h(-1)), indicating limited mineralization. However, the same data reveals a temporal variability in the flux, with a sharp increase in the SOD and ammonium released in spring when Phaeocystis-derived phytodetritus was deposited. The organic carbon content and bacterial biomass values indicate similar patterns of increase in response to the phytodetritus deposit. The nitrogen cycle also appears to be modified during the Phaeocystis bloom, with a clear stimulation of nitrification. The influence of various factors (e.g., temperature, nutrient concentrations, and bacterial activity) on the temporal fluctuations of the exchanges is discussed, as are the direct effects of spring bloom. A synthesis of the annual cycle of the mineralization dynamics in this permeable sediment type is also presented. 相似文献