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1.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):591-599
The genus Conus has over 500 species and is the most species-rich taxon of marine invertebrates. Based on mitochondrial DNA, this study focuses on the phylogenetics of Conus, particularly the pennaceus complex collected along the Mozambican coast. Phylogenetic trees based on both the 16S and the 12S ribosomal genes grossly revealed the same groupings: one that clustered the individuals from the north (Pemba, Nacala and Island of Mozambique), another that grouped the individuals from the central/southern coast (Pomene/Massinga and Inhambane) and a third that assembled the specimens from the central/southern islands (Bazaruto and Inhaca). The 16SrRNA-based trees further distinguished the northern group into a Nacala group and a Pemba+Island of Mozambique group. In all trees, C. p. bazarutensis and C. lohri collected on the central/southern islands grouped separately from the C. p. bazarutensis and C. lohri collected on the central/southern coast, suggesting a genetic similarity between these species. Likewise, C. praelatus revealed greater proximity to C. pennaceus from Pemba. Although different topologies were produced by each gene (low bootstrap support in some nodes), we support the hypothesis of a southward ancestral colonisation pattern, indicated by the 16SrRNA trees. The common ancestor would have shifted from planktonic to non-planktonic larval development and this weak vagility would have promoted the divergence between north and south specimens. Our results suggest that the separation of these groups might have been a relatively recent event, and part of the current morphological variability could be the outcome of phenotypic plasticity and/or ecological adaptation. 相似文献
2.
Gary Hoffmann Eli Silver Simon Day Neal Driscoll Bruce Appelgate 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2009,30(4):229-236
Extinct volcanic islands in the Bismarck volcanic arc are fringed by well-developed coral reefs. Drowned platforms offshore
from these islands provide evidence for subsidence in the central section of the arc, north of the Finisterre Terrane–Australia
collision. Bathymetric and backscatter data collected onboard the R/V Kilo Moana in 2004 reveal regularly spaced (~200 m interval)
drowned platforms at depths as much as 1,100 m below sea level. However, the adjacent mainland coast has well documented raised
terraces indicating long-term uplift. Local subsidence may be due to cessation of magmatic activity and cooling, flexural
loading by the uplifting Finisterre Range, loading by nearby active volcanic islands, and/or sediment loading on the seafloor
north of the Finisterre Range. We present some simple models in order to test whether flexural loading can account for local
subsidence. We find that volcanic and sedimentary loading can explain the inferred relative subsidence. 相似文献
3.
通过对北部湾SO-50柱状沉积物进行粒度、Sr-Nd同位素、主微量元素及AMS14C分析,结果表明该柱状沉积物可以划分为两段,即上段（0~540 cm,0~3.0 ka BP）和下段（540~571 cm,3.0~3.3 ka BP）,它们反映了不同的物质源区贡献。下段较上段砂含量相对较高,主量元素（除SiO2外）及稀土元素含量相对减少,87Sr/86Sr与εNd除异常点外,总体变化幅度不大。研究结果显示SO-50柱状沉积物的物质来源比较稳定,具有强烈的陆源特征,下段沉积物的源区主要是琼州海峡东侧原有沉积物的再搬运和台湾岛河流携带沉积物的混合,上段沉积物除了琼州海峡东侧和台湾岛的贡献外,周边陆区海岸侵蚀物的贡献相对加强。根据SO-50柱状沉积物的研究结果表明,北部湾东部泥质区的物质来源除了琼州海峡东侧沉积物和沿岸侵蚀物的贡献外,台湾岛河流携带的沉积物对其影响也应引起重视。 相似文献
4.
Large‐scale connectivity of Grapsus grapsus (Decapoda) in the Southwestern Atlantic oceanic islands: integrating genetic and morphometric data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mariana M. Teschima Patrícia R. Strӧher Carina R. Firkowski Marcio R. Pie Andrea S. Freire 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(6):1360-1372
The degree of connectivity among island populations can influence their demography and affect their level of genetic differentiation. In this study we investigated genetic and morphometric differences among four populations of Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus 1758), in Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (0°55′ N, 29°20′ W), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (3°50′ S, 32°24′ W), Rocas Atoll (3°50′ S, 33°49′ W) and Trindade Island (20°30′ S, 29°20′ W) from 2003 to 2011. Morphometric results indicated the existence of two distinct groups based on the morphology of their chelae (Trindade Island/Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago versus Fernando de Noronha/Rocas Atoll). In addition, genetic variation in a fragment of the mitochondrial control region revealed substantial differentiation between Trindade and the other islands, with Trindade Island showing only exclusive haplotypes. The congruence of the genetic and morphologic analyses suggests the occurrence of a divergent population in Trindade Island as well as high connectivity among the three remaining equatorial islands. This is the first study to assess the level of morphologic differentiation and genetic connectivity of a species among all four Southwestern Atlantic oceanic islands. Our results provide valuable insight into understanding connectivity through surface ocean currents and suggest that the unstable current system of this area could be responsible for different dispersal patterns. We also suggest that the design of Brazilian marine protected areas should be adjusted to provide stronger protection for Trindade Island as it harbors unique genetic and morphologic variation in G. grapsus. 相似文献
5.
针对海岛信息的特点,结合建立海岛管理信息系统的需求,利用ArcGIS Server技术,借助Visual Studio.NET开发平台,提出基于B/S和C/S的混合架构来构建海岛信息管理系统的思想,设计了系统的基本框架、功能和数据库,探讨了系统实现过程中的关键技术,并以辽宁省海岛为例研发了该系统,实现了海岛的集中统一管理和高效、灵活的数据查询统计以及信息共享,提高了海岛管理的信息化、高效化和科学化,并以可视化的方式为海岛开发利用与保护提供了一种新的决策支持方法。 相似文献
6.
大陆岛入海沉积物通量（Qs）信息对于精确解译大陆架沉积记录的研究是个重要补充。针对如何估算大陆岛Qs的科学问题,本文以中国东南部海域的8 227个大陆岛为例,提出了一种基于邻近大陆中小型河流Qs的经验公式计算大陆岛Qs的解决方案。该方案在实施时需设置两个假定,即大陆岛的Qs法则遵循邻近大陆中小河流的Qs法则和可将1个大陆岛当作1个河流流域计算其Qs。结果表明:（1）经验公式计算的大陆岛Qs为其最小估计值;如考虑大陆岛流域的具体情况,实际的Qs值会稍微增加,但其增幅不超过n0.13（n为流域数量）;（2）经验公式能获取大陆岛Qs的大致数量级信息;大陆岛的总面积为4 418.49 km2,对应Qs的数量级为106 t/a,与邻近大陆中型河流入海通量的数量级相当;（3）在大河河口湾充填阶段完成以前,大陆岛沉积物是内陆架泥质沉积体的主要物源之一。因此,大陆岛入海沉积物会对大陆架沉积体系的形成和演化造成一定程度的影响,需引起研究人员的高度重视。 相似文献
7.
Lorenzo Ciannelli Richard D. Brodeur Gordon L. Swartzman Sigrid Salo 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2002,49(26):6109-6126
The waters around the Pribilof Islands, in the southeast Bering Sea, are a main nursery area for age-0 pollock. Each summer, the islands are surrounded by a well-mixed inshore region, separated from a stratified offshore region by a frontal zone. To study the spatial distribution of age-0 pollock around this frontal structure in relation to physical and biological factors that are likely to influence it, such as advection, age-0 pollock feeding, and predation, samples were collected during September of four consecutive years, 1994–97, along two transects. Samples collected included water column hydrography and currents, acoustic backscatter, and groundfish predator density.Our analysis suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in controlling age-0 pollock distribution north and south of the islands. On the shelf area north of the islands, high age-0 pollock density was significantly associated with areas of high potential for growth only in years or portions of the frontal transect in which predator numbers were relatively low, indicating the importance of predation in controlling fish distribution in this area. In contrast, south of the islands, age-0 pollock distribution was associated more with prey availability, which appeared to be determined by vertical spatial overlap between predators and prey. Moreover, south of the islands, the stronger geostrophic currents, typical of the slope region, were more likely to affect the overall standing biomass of juvenile pollock, by constantly advecting fish away from the area. 相似文献
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9.
在碱蓬滩选取互花米草斑块,由外向内分为外围(A)、外侧(B)、内侧(C)、中心(D)四个取样点,研究互花米草实生苗、分蘖苗与本地植物碱蓬、芦苇的相对竞争力,探讨互花米草在碱蓬滩地入侵扩张的趋势。结果表明:1)在斑块B点处,互花米草实生苗与碱蓬相对竞争力高于互花米草分蘖苗与碱蓬相对竞争力;在斑块C点处,互花米草实生苗与碱蓬相对竞争力低于互花米草分蘖苗与碱蓬相对竞争力;多样性指数分析表现为:B点>C点>A点>D点;在互花米草斑块B点处重要值大小表现为:互花米草实生苗>碱蓬>芦苇实生苗>互花米草分蘖苗,在互花米草斑块C点处重要值大小表现为:互花米草分蘖苗>芦苇实生苗>互花米草实生苗>碱蓬。因此,碱蓬滩互花米草斑块主要是通过实生苗入侵新生境,向外扩张,通过互花米草分蘖苗维持种群的稳定。2)在斑块B点,芦苇实生苗与互花米草实生苗的相对竞争力相当,大于互花米草分蘖苗的相对竞争力,但在斑块C点处,互花米草分蘖苗高于芦苇实生苗。碱蓬与本地种芦苇也产生了竞争关系,并很有可能被芦苇和互花米草共同取代。3)互花米草实生苗与碱蓬的相对竞争力与滩涂微生境土壤含水量、土壤全盐量负相关(P<0.01),与土壤pH正相关(P<0.01);互花米草分蘖苗与碱蓬的相对竞争力与土壤含水量、土壤全盐量正相关(P<0.05),与土壤pH负相关(P<0.01)。碱蓬滩斑块处的含水量、盐度适合互花米草的定居、扩张。 相似文献
10.
为了解浙江苍南海域无居民海岛岩相潮间带生物群落组成与结构,于2019年3月对该海域内11个无居民海岛进行了潮间带生物调查,对采集到的样品进行鉴定,并计算了栖息密度、生物量和生物多样性指数。11个无居民海岛共鉴定出58种潮间带生物,平均栖息密度和平均生物量分别为857±205 ind/m2和2 847.83±1 032.50 g/m2,各断面的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′、Pielou均匀度指数J和Margalef丰富度指数D范围分别为1.07~1.61, 0.66~0.83和0.54~1.30。与大陆沿岸潮间带相比,无居民海岛生态系统独特,拥有更多的生物资源,具有重要的生态价值,需要重视并加强保护。 相似文献
11.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(1-2):189-197
A study was undertaken to investigate the potential long-term sustainability of sea kayaking in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. The biological and physical state of the environment of four islands frequently visited by sea kayakers was measured in spring, summer, and fall, 1997. Information was also collected on the quality of kayakers’ wilderness experience, and whether encounters with other groups of people or the quality of the environment affected that experience.The kayakers’ impact on the bio-physical states of the islands was found to be minimal. Few impacts were recorded, and most of these were in areas that were frequently and readily modified by waves and tides. All respondents indicated that their wilderness experience was good to excellent, with 97% indicating a very good to excellent experience. More than 80% of respondents indicated that the quality of the natural environment had either a positive or very positive impact on their wilderness experience. Nearly half (43%) of respondents indicated that encounters with other groups of people had a negative or very negative effect on their wilderness experience.Recommendations have been developed for the management of islands in maritime environments with the goal of long-term sustainability. 相似文献
12.
浙江6个列岛大型底栖藻类分类多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于对七星列岛大型底栖藻类的实地调查,结合浙南3个列岛(七星列岛、南麂列岛和洞头列岛)和浙北3个列岛(渔山列岛、中街山列岛和马鞍列岛)大型底栖藻类物种组成的有关文献,构建大型底栖藻类基础数据库。采用平均分类差异指数△~+、分类差异变异指数∧~+、G-F多样性测度指数和相似性系数开展分类多样性研究。结果显示:6个列岛藻类在目级和科级的相似性很高,其值均在0.800以上;洞头列岛的△~+值最高(77.42),中街山列岛最低(72.65),这表明洞头列岛大型底栖藻类类群间的亲缘关系较远,中街山列岛藻类类群间的亲缘关系较近;七星列岛的∧~+值最高,达942.00,南麂列岛最低,仅865.12,这表明南麂列岛大型底栖藻类在不同分类阶元分布最均匀,七星列岛的藻类分布较集中;南麂列岛无论是F指数、G指数还是G-F指数的值均比其他5个列岛高,依次为18.62,4.40和0.76,这说明南麂列岛藻类的生态位分化程度较高。本研究构建了6个列岛大型底栖藻类资源与分类多样性基础数据库,为有效保护和管理大型底栖藻类提供了理论依据。 相似文献
13.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):439-444
Breeding numbers of Laridae and other surface-nesting seabirds have been monitored at sub-Antarctic Marion Island since 1996/1997 and counts of breeding birds were made at nearby Prince Edward Island in December 2001 and December 2008. Four species are regular breeders at the islands: Subantarctic skua Catharacta antarctica, kelp gull Larus dominicanus, Antarctic tern Sterna vittata and Kerguelen tern S. virgata. The latter three species currently each have populations of below 150 breeding pairs at the islands. Kelp gull numbers appear to be relatively stable though they may have decreased since the 1980s. Kerguelen tern numbers decreased and then recovered at Marion Island, but numbers of the species have declined at Prince Edward Island and it maintains a tenuous foothold there. The small Antarctic tern population appears to be stable. 相似文献
14.
温岭海岛潮间带大型底栖生物的群落结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解浙江温岭海岛潮间带大型底栖生物在沿海经济快速发展背景下的群落结构变化,2011年10月和2012年4月对温岭8个海岛8条断面开展了春、秋季2个航次的调查。本次调查共鉴定出潮间带大型底栖生物96种,包括软体动物40种,藻类29种,甲壳动物15种,多毛类6种,棘皮动物6种;平均生物量为1 794.16±1 148.08 g/m2,平均丰度为679±497 ind/m2,生物量和丰度均为秋季高于春季。温岭潮间带大型底栖生物主要以藤壶-荔枝螺群落为主,主要优势种为日本笠藤壶Tetraclita japonica和疣荔枝螺Thais clavigera,其生物量和丰度占80%以上,优势度非常明显。运用ABC曲线、等级聚类和nMDS对大型底栖生物群落结构分析发现,群落结构已受到中度干扰,稳定性差;与周边的洞头列岛、南麂列岛和嵊泗列岛相比,物种数仅为其一半左右。这种分布情况与其所处的生境有关,同时也表明受到人类活动(如污染和采捕等)的影响,群落结构次生化。 相似文献
15.
Habitat information, frequency of occurrence at depth ranges, collections and sight records, and live colours of Echinodermata from The Snares (48 ° 07′S, 166 ° 36′E) are recorded. Forty species are now known from the islands, 16 of which are new records. The Snares appear to be an ecotone between southern New Zealand (Forsterian Province) and the southern islands (Antipodean Province) having stronger affinities with southern New Zealand. 相似文献
16.
Plastic pollution has biological, chemical, and physical effects on marine environments and economic effects on coastal communities. These effects are acute on southeastern Hawai‘i Island, where volunteers remove 16 metric tons of debris annually from a 15 km coastline. Although the majority is foreign-origin, a portion is locally-generated. We used floating debris-retention booms in two urban waterways to measure the input of debris from Hilo, the island’s largest community, and released wooden drifters in nearby coastal waters to track the fate of that debris. In 205 days, 30 kilograms of debris (73.6% plastic) were retained from two watersheds comprising 10.2% of Hilo’s developed land area. Of 851 wooden drifters released offshore of Hilo in four events, 23.3% were recovered locally, 1.4% at distant locations, and 6.5% on other islands. Comparisons with modeled surface currents and wind were mixed, indicating the importance of nearshore and tidal dynamics not included in the model. This study demonstrated that local pollutants can be retained nearby, contribute to the island’s debris-accumulation area, and quickly contaminate other islands. 相似文献
17.
全球气候变暖引起的热压力增大是南海诸岛珊瑚礁面临的最主要威胁,基于热压力对珊瑚礁白化的评估有利于对其保护和管理。周热度（Degree Heating Week, DHW）可以衡量热压力的强度和持续时间,代表过去连续12周珊瑚礁区海表温度（SST）正异常的累积。本文基于美国国家海洋和大气管理珊瑚礁监测计划（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Coral Reef Watch, NOAACRW）海表温度数据集,逐像元对35个年最大周热度数值进行K-means聚类分析,将南海诸岛珊瑚礁区分为6个区域：南沙–1、南沙–2、南沙–3、东沙、西沙和中沙珊瑚礁区。分析南海诸岛珊瑚礁区1985–2019年热压力时空变化及其与El Ni?o的相关关系。结果表明：（1）南海诸岛珊瑚礁区最大DHW为0～12.9℃-周,纬度上由高到低呈现减小变化规律。（2）线性拟合法分析1985–2019年的年最大DHW,显示南海诸岛珊瑚礁区热压力强度呈现上升趋势,为0.013～0.174℃-周/a,南海诸岛珊瑚礁区最大DHW出现在1998年、2010年、2014年... 相似文献
18.
为研究福建海岛水域软体动物多样性与分布,根据1990年2月至1992年1月对福建乡级以上海岛水域进行的大型底栖生物调查资料进行了深入分析.结果表明,福建海岛水域软体动物有82科97属345种,主要有蚶科(Arcidae)、贻贝科(Mytilidae)、蛤蜊科(Mactridae)、樱蛤科(Tellinidae),帘蛤科(Veneridae)、篮蛤科(Corbulidae)、角贝科(Dentaliidae)、玉螺科(Naticidae)、骨螺科(Muricidae)、蛾螺科(Buccinidae)、织纹螺科(Nassariidae)、衲螺科(Cancellariidae)、塔螺科(Turridae)、笋螺科(Terebridae)、小塔螺科(Pyramidellidae)等.在12个乡级以上海岛水域,福建中南部岛屿水域软体动物物种数较多,北部相对较少.平均生物量为8.81 g/m~2,栖息密度为36个/m~2.生物量厦门岛水域最高(33.18 g/m~2),南日岛最低(0.73 g/m~2);栖息密度江阴岛最高(188个/m~2),湄洲岛最低(4个/m~2).福建省海岛水域软体动物种数季节变化,夏季大于冬季大于秋季大于春季;数量季节变化,生物量以春季最高,冬季最低;栖息密度以春季最高,秋季最低. 相似文献
19.
渤海表层沉积物中有机碳的分布和来源 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大河影响下的陆架边缘海沉积有机碳的分布和来源是全球碳循环研究的重要内容。本研究于2012年5月采集了渤海海域的29个表层沉积物样品,分析了粒度组成、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、木质素含量和稳定碳同位素丰度(δ13C)等参数,结合基于蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型,定量研究了沉积物中有机碳的分布和来源情况,并讨论了其影响因素。结果表明,研究区域表层沉积物中TOC含量为0.19%~0.81%,渤海中部泥质区站位(大于0.65%)明显高于其周围砂质区域站位(小于0.40%);TOC与黏土含量也有显著的正相关性,说明细颗粒沉积物容易富集有机碳。沉积有机碳的δ13C范围为-23.7‰~-21.8‰,显示沉积有机碳是海源和陆源有机碳的混合输入。木质素参数,如C/V、S/V和LPVI的数值范围显示研究区域表层沉积物中木质素主要来源于被子植物草本组织与木本组织的混合,同时有少量裸子植物的贡献。基于蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型显示研究区域沉积物中有机碳主要来源于海洋浮游植物,平均为64%,陆源有机碳中来自土壤的贡献最高(平均为27%),C3维管植物的贡献较少(平均为9%)。海洋浮游植物有机碳主要分布在渤海中部泥质区及离岸较远的区域,而土壤有机碳和C3维管植物有机碳则主要沉积在河口附近及近岸区,并可以离岸输运到较远的地方。 相似文献
20.
Abigail E. Noble Mak A. Saito Kanchan Maiti Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(10-13):1473
The vertical distributions of cobalt, iron, and manganese in the water column were studied during the E-Flux Program (E-Flux II and III), which focused on the biogeochemistry of cold-core cyclonic eddies that form in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands. During E-Flux II (January 2005) and E-Flux III (March 2005), 17 stations were sampled for cobalt (n=147), all of which demonstrated nutrient-like depletion in surface waters. During E-Flux III, two depth profiles collected from within a mesoscale cold-core eddy, Cyclone Opal, revealed small distinct maxima in cobalt at 100 m depth and a larger inventory of cobalt within the eddy. We hypothesize that this was due to a cobalt concentrating effect within the eddy, where upwelled cobalt was subsequently associated with sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) via biological activity and was released at a depth coincident with nearly complete POC remineralization [Benitez-Nelson, C., Bidigare, R.R., Dickey, T.D., Landry, M.R., Leonard, C.L., Brown, S.L., Nencioli, F., Rii, Y.M., Maiti, K., Becker, J.W., Bibby, T.S., Black, W., Cai, W.J., Carlson, C.A., Chen, F., Kuwahara, V.S., Mahaffey, C., McAndrew, P.M., Quay, P.D., Rappe, M.S., Selph, K.E., Simmons, M.P., Yang, E.J., 2007. Mesoscale eddies drive increased silica export in the subtropical Pacific Ocean. Science 316, 1017–1020]. There is also evidence for the formation of a correlation between cobalt and soluble reactive phosphorus during E-Flux III relative to the E-Flux II cruise that we suggest is due to increased productivity, implying a minimum threshold of primary production below which cobalt–phosphate coupling does not occur. Dissolved iron was measured in E-Flux II and found in somewhat elevated concentrations (0.5 nM) in surface waters relative to the iron depleted waters of the surrounding Pacific [Fitzwater, S.E., Coale, K.H., Gordon, M.R., Johnson, K.S., Ondrusek, M.E., 1996. Iron deficiency and phytoplankton growth in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 43 (4–6), 995–1015], possibly due to island effects associated with the iron-rich volcanic soil from the Hawaiian Islands and/or anthropogenic inputs. Distinct depth maxima in total dissolved cobalt were observed at 400–600 m depth, suggestive of the release of metals from the shelf area of comparable depth that surrounds these islands. 相似文献