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1.
砂砾质松散沉积物粒径组成复杂,钻探取心率低,导致对沉积相和相界面的判别准确度不高。本文结合岩心和测井资料,建立了松散沉积层基于支持向量机的测井数据岩性识别模型,分析了训练集样本数量对模型识别准确率的影响,并与BP神经网络模型进行了对比。结果表明,支持向量机模型的岩性识别准确率高,且对训练样本需求量低,可以有效地弥补钻孔取心率不足的问题,并降低钻探施工成本。在松散沉积物调查中,利用基于支持向量机的测井岩性识别模型自动识别沉积序列具有可行性,是实现绿色勘查的有益尝试。 相似文献
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砂砾岩储集体为快速沉积环境下形成的沉积物,具有很强的非均质性,因此,利用测井数据进行岩性识别的结果准确性较差。笔者针对该问题,从砂砾岩储集体中岩性测井特征提取和模式识别算法2方面进行分析。在测井特征提取上,针对其粒度跨度大、成分复杂、过渡岩性测井特征多样的特点,利用沉积相、物源体系控制岩石的成分和结构特征的多样性,达到准确提取岩石骨架颗粒参数的目的。在模式识别算法上,选取支持向量机、极限学习机和概率神经网络3种基于不同分类原理的模式识别算法,构建SEP岩性判别算法。在松辽盆地南部梨树断陷下白垩统营城组砂砾岩储集体岩性识别中,采用SEP法,利用GR-AC-CNL-DEN-RLLD-w(K-PE测井数据组合,对13口钻井的284块样本岩性进行判别,SEP识别结果与3种单方法相比,能够提高岩性判别结果的准确性和稳定性,识别符合率均值达到83.64%。 相似文献
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基于不同测井曲线参数集的支持向量机岩性识别对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对测井曲线提取的不同参数值,进行支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)岩性识别对比,找出适合于岩性识别的测井参数集。利用取心段岩心和测井资料,依据M-N值法、曲线重叠法和测井曲线特征值法等3种常用的岩性识别方法,提取能够用于岩性识别的测井曲线参数值,再利用支持向量机进行岩性识别,将识别结果进行对比,按照误差最小原则,找出适合于岩性识别的测井参数集。结果显示,M-N值法、曲线重叠法和测井曲线特征值法3种不同的测井参数集在岩性识别时,测井曲线特征值法和重叠法误差最小,可优先作为识别的基础数据。 相似文献
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岩性识别一直是火山岩油气勘探中的重要课题,基于测井数据的岩性识别也逐渐成为火山岩研究的需要,大数据背景下的机器学习算法为测井岩性识别提供了一个新方向。为提高某研究区火山岩岩性识别符合率,本文采用K近邻、支持向量机和自适应增强3种经典机器学习算法,对研究区内的粗面岩、非致密粗面岩、辉绿岩、辉长岩、玄武岩和非致密玄武岩等6类中基性火山岩进行岩性识别。从常规测井系列中优选对研究区岩性敏感的自然伽马、声波时差、补偿中子、深侧向电阻率和补偿密度等5种测井参数作为岩性识别模型的输入向量,从研究区内5口有岩心样品或薄片鉴定资料的目标层中选取测井数据点1 440个,其中960个作为训练样本,其余480个作为测试样本。以识别符合率和时间作为评价指标,对3种算法的识别结果进行对比分析,实验表明：自适应增强算法的分类准确率最高,6类岩性平均识别符合率达到82.10%;支持向量机算法表现良好,平均识别符合率为81.04%;K近邻算法平均识别符合率为76.04%。 相似文献
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基于最小二乘支持向量机测井识别火山岩类型:以辽河盆地中基性火山岩为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
最小二乘支持向量机是在统计学习理论基础上发展起来的模式识别方法。与传统统计学相比,它能有效解决有限样本、非线性、高维数模型的建立问题,而且建立的模型具有很好的预测性能。岩性识别本质是解决分类问题,本文基于最小二乘支持向量机解决分类问题的优势,首先用GR、CNL、DEN、AC、RLLD等常规测井曲线数据建立样本空间;然后通过耦合模拟退火和交叉验证的方法寻找最佳参数,优化最小二乘支持向量机分类器;最后建立了最小二乘支持向量机岩性识别模型。通过取心段岩心描述和岩心/岩屑薄片鉴定,确定辽河盆地40口井315 m井段2 520个岩性样品作为训练样本,建立岩性识别标准。对8口井13 866 m井段110 928个火山岩数据采样点进行测井识别,可识别致密玄武岩、气孔玄武岩、粗面岩等8种主要火山岩类型。识别结果与8口测试井中316个有取心段岩心描述和岩心/岩屑薄片的精确岩矿定名对比,符合率达到75.2%,与以往测井识别复杂火山岩岩性相比,在识别准确率和效率上都有明显提高。 相似文献
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岩性识别是致密砂砾岩测井评价的重要工作。砂砾岩岩性多样、成分复杂,导致测井识别岩性准确率低、测井解释孔隙度不准确。以东营凹陷北部陡坡带沙四下亚段致密砂砾岩为例,在对其岩石学特征分析的基础上,按照岩石类型和骨架矿物差异给砂砾岩分类,利用铸体薄片资料对测井曲线进行岩性标定,提取各种岩性的测井响应特征,在此基础上建立了基于主成分分析的测井岩性识别方法,并分岩性建立了孔隙度测井评价模型,提高了砂砾岩测井岩性识别和测井孔隙度计算的准确率。 相似文献
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针对火山岩储层,从岩石化学成分分类和岩石结构分类两个角度出发,提出了一种利用测井资料识别火山岩岩性的方法。基于取芯薄片鉴定资料获得对应井段的常规测井数据,利用统计学习理论中的支持向量机方法对其处理,得到地质上按岩石化学成分分类的火山岩岩性类别。建立地层微电阻率成像测井图像与不同结构火山岩岩性之间的对应关系,归纳出典型的微电阻率图像模式,从而得到地质上按岩石结构分类的火山岩岩性类别,结合上述两者结论确定最终岩性,实现了运用支持向量机算法处理常规测井资料与微电阻率图像模式相结合的火山岩岩性测井识别新方法。 相似文献
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岩性识别是储层评价中的一项重要工作。随着机器学习方法的不断发展,岩性的智能识别也成为热门研究方向。随钻测井技术目前已经得到了广泛的应用,但是受限于高温高压的钻井作业条件,随钻测井仪器只能测得少量测井参数。由于随钻测井参数较少,直接输入机器学习模型无法充分挖掘其中的信息。对此,本文将随机树嵌入引入随钻测井资料的岩性识别。该方法将低维随钻测井数据通过二叉树编码并转化为高维稀疏特征,利用升维后的数据进行训练从而提升机器学习模型的判别能力。对比实验结果表明,使用随机树嵌入的随机森林方法具有最佳的识别效果,准确率和F1值较直接使用随机森林分别提升了3.16%和3.25%,且优于梯度提升树、极随机树和粒子群优化支持向量机算法。 相似文献
10.
《物探与化探》2021,(3)
煤体结构作为煤层勘探开发研究的重点参数之一,影响着煤层产能,有效识别煤层煤体结构至关重要。本文利用支持向量机算法,以地球物理测井资料为基础进行煤体结构识别,并以沁水煤田柿庄北区3号层为例,对该区块进行煤体结构类型分类,利用支持向量机的双二分类与"一对多"分类两种建模模式,建立基于测井曲线的煤体结构识别模型,再利用交叉验证评价模型的泛化性,并对该模型用未参与建模数据进行准确性评价。结果表明,应用支持向量机算法的两种模式能有效识别煤体结构,模型具有泛化性与准确性,且"一对多"分类模式精度更高,在对有利产出煤和不利产出煤的区分上效果突出,对有利产出煤的具体类型区分上具有准确性,可对后续压裂施工提供指导。总体上,基于支持向量机算法和地球物理测井资料建立的煤体结构识别模型对煤层气勘探开发有指导意义,具有实际应用价值。 相似文献
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Philip J. Potts Peter C. Webb Michael Thompson 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(4):403-416
Data reported by laboratories contributing to the GeoPT proficiency testing programme for geochemical laboratories over the period from 2001 to 2011 have been assessed to identify the elements and concentration ranges over which analytical performance can be considered satisfactory. Criteria developed in the paper indicated that performance in the content determination of the elements/constituents SiO2, Al2O3, MnO, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, Tm, U, Y, Yb and Zn was satisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. The elements/constituents TiO2, Fe2O3(T), MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Ba, Be, Cd, Ce, Co, Gd, La, Li, Nb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Ta, Th, V and Zr showed some degradation in performance at lower concentration levels (approaching the detection limit of some techniques). Performance in determining LOI, As, Bi, Cr, Cu, Ge, Mo, Ni, Pb and W was in general unsatisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. Other elements (especially Fe(II)O, H2O+, CO2, Ag, Au, B, Br, Cl, F, Hg, I, In, Ir, N, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, S, Se, Te) could not be evaluated as they were not routinely reported by laboratories participating in the GeoPT programme, often because they are present in silicate rocks at sufficiently low concentrations to require a pre‐concentration stage. Some suggestions are made for the causes of unsatisfactory performance, but further progress will require a detailed assessment of the methods used by participating laboratories, which will form the subject of a further paper. 相似文献
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Christopher J. Duffin Jane P. Davidson 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(1):7-15
The diabolical and supernatural folklore traditions of geology are examined systematically for the first time. The following have all been suggested explanations for fossil remains: Devil's footprints, bones, toenails, fingers, thumbs, buttons, money and ninepins; Hobgoblin's claws; Fairy's fingers, heads, faces, hearts, beads, causeways, saltcellars, bottles, weights, money and loaves; elf arrows; witches’ beads and tongues. Twinned staurolite crystals have been called Fairy crosses. 相似文献
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The Ilgin lignite field can be subdivided into the Haramiköy and Kurugöl areas which are separated by an area of basement and a fault. The lignite-bearing sequence consists mainly of fluvial and lacustrine Neogene deposits. The Ilgin lignite, averaging 8 m (up to 25 m) thick, is blackish brown and dark brown in colour. The lignite contains abundant brown wood, plant remains and white gastropod shells. Samples have an average of 38.9% moisture on an as-received basis and a mean of 3.9% total sulphur on an air-dried basis. Geochemical analysis, using an ICP-MS, was undertaken. Thirteen lignite core samples from three boreholes drilled in the Kurugöl area were ashed at 750°C. The average trace element contents of the lignite show a higher concentration of U (average 43 ppm) when compared to the range for most coals in the world, while the others (Ti, P, Sc, Be, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cs, Ba, Y, Ta, W, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu) agree with the global ranges. The Ilgin lignite is identified as of Middle Miocene (Middle Serravallian) age and occurs within lacustrine sediments deposited under subtropical climatic conditions. 相似文献
14.
Tectono-geochemical samples were systematically collected from 5 drillcores along the No. 304 explora-tion line and at the -310 m level under the pit in the mining area, totalling 705 samples from the metamorphic rocks, granites, altered rocks and orebodies, and were determined for their contents of 20 kinds of elements including Au, Ag, As, Sb, Hg, Cu,,Pb, Zn, Sn, Bi, Mo, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, Ba, Rb, Sr, etc. By using the Surfer software the geochemical exploration line profile maps for the 20 kinds of elements and the curves for the element geochemical contents of individual ore vein groups were established. In conbination with the geochemical map analytical method and Gregorian’s zoning index calculation method, the vertical, longitudinal and lateral zonation sequences of the elements were ascertained and the geochemical three-dimentional zonation model of the primary halos was estab-lished on the basis of the analysis of metallogenic structures and alteration zonation. Coupled with the results of analysis of the geology and geochemistry data, it may be concluded that the process of alteration of granites in the mining area is also accompanied with the process of gold enrichment and mineralization. With the intensification of alteration of granites from granite →potash feldspathization granite →sericite-quartz alteration granite, seric-ite-quartz rocks →beresitized granite, pyrite sericite-quartz rock, silicified granite →gold ore, the contents of thio-phile ore-forming elements such as Au, Ag, As, Cu, Bi, Mo, Pb, Sb, Hg, and Sn tended to increase. Factor analysis of trace elements indicated: factor F2 (Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, As) represents the element association brought in at the main stage of hydrothermal metallogenesis; factor F4 (Bi, Sb) and factor F5 (Pb, Zn) represent the ore-forming element association supperposed during the late stage of Au-bearing sulfides. By using the Gregorian’s zoning index and map analysis method we have ascertained the primary halo axial zonation sequence (form frontal halo →tail halo): Pb, Zn, Mn, Ba, Sr, Rb, As, Sb, Ag, Cu, Sn, Mo, Au, Bi, Hg, Ti, Cr, V, Ni, and Co. The geochemical anomalies in the mining area display a tendency of lateral plunging to WS, which is consistent with the lateral plunging of orebodies and mineralization alteration zone. Comprehensive analysis of the results of investigations on ore-controlling structures, mineralization-alteration zonation and geochemical zonation of the primary halos indicates that the gold orebodies in this area are still of greater extension. 相似文献
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Bhaskar Chandra ACHARYA Prasanta Kumar PANIGRAHY Binod Bihari NAYAK Rama Krishna SAHOO 《Resource Geology》1998,48(2):125-136
Abstract: Ilmenite, hematite, garnet, monazite, zircon, rutile, magnetite, sillimanite, pyroxene and amphibole from the beach sands of Ekakula, Gahiramatha coast, Orissa, India are reported here for the first time. Their total concentration varies from 26. 4 to 100%. Ilmenite, monazite and zircon are between 100 and 300 um in size and are well rounded in shape. Ilmenite-hematite intergrowth is common. Ilmenite has 50. 02–54. 73% TiO2 , 42. 42–46. 90% FeO (total Fe) and small amounts of Al, Mn, Mg, Ca, Ba, Si, V, Cr, and Zn. The bulk samples contain 10. 63–41. 42 % TiO2 , 6. 15–26. 07 % FeO, 5. 86–16. 75 % Fe2 O3 , 7. 41–61. 74 % SiO2 , 1. 39–12. 83% A12 O3 , 0. 32–4. 97% CaO, 0. 53–4. 24% P2 O5 , 0. 17–3. 27% MgO, 0. 15–2. 97% Na2 O, 0. 07–2. 34% K2 O, and 0. 05–0. 71% V2 O5 together with appreciable amounts of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, U, Th, Zr, and trace amounts of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr. Khondalite, charnockite, calc-silicate granulite, leptynite, migmatite, gneiss, basic granulite and pegmatite of the Eastern Ghats appear to be the major source for the above heavy mineral assemblages. The samples are amenable to gravity and magnetic methods of beneficiation. 相似文献
16.
贵阳花溪下三叠统大冶组中富产遗迹化石,产出18个遗迹属:Beaconichnus,Circulichnis,Cosmorhaphe,Dendrohaphe,Glockerichnus,Gyrochorte,Gordia,Maeandropolydora,Micatuba,Mammillichnis,Megagrapton,Planolites,Palaeophycus,Phycodes,Phycosiphon,Rhizocorallium,Thalassinoides和Undichna。自下而上可识别出三个遗迹组构,分别为Phycodes、Phycosiphon Mammillichnis和Thalassinoidess遗迹组构。根据遗迹化石各属种分布,大冶组自下而上出现四个遗迹相:Cruziana遗迹相、Zoophycoss遗迹相、Nereites遗迹相和Cruziana遗迹相。结合遗迹组构,对大冶组的沉积环境进行了讨论,Phycodes组构属于Cruziana相,指示浅水环境;Phycosiphon Mammillichnis组构属于Zoophycos遗迹相—Nereites遗迹相,代表台缘下斜坡半深海低能环境;Thalassinoides组构属于Cruziana相,指示早三叠世印度期末的浅水高能环境。 相似文献
17.
Saday Azadoglu ALIYEV Ali SARI Bahadir KTEN Ankara University Faculty of Engineering Department of Geological Engineering Tandogan Ankara Turkey 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6)
Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr,Ga,Ni,Zn,Mo,Cu, Pb,Yb,Y,Nb,Ti,Sr,Ba,Mn,Sc,Co,V,Zr,Fe,Al,W,Se,Bi,Sb,As,Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated.The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups.Of these,concentrations of 12 elements(As,Bi,Cd,Co,Ga,Mo,Nb, Sb,Se,Sc,W and Yb)are below zero [(0.053-0.79)×10~(-6)];concentrations of seven elements(Cr,Ni, Pb,V,Y,Zr and Cu)are(1.0-6.0)×10~(-6);concentrations of four elements(Ti,Mn,Ba and Zn)are 10- 20×10~(-6);and concentrations of five elements(Si,Al,Fe,Mg and Sr)are(47.44-268.11)×10~(-6).The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina(Linné),Pitar-rudis(Poll),Nassarius reticulatus(Linné),Venerupis senescens (Coocconi),Mytilus galloprovincialis(Lamarck),Mytilaster lineatus(Gemelin in Linné)and Chlamys glabra.It was found that,in mollusk taxonomy,the elements have unique values.In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks.In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment.Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment. 相似文献
18.
Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cu, Pb, Yb, Y, Nb, Ti, Sr, Ba, Mn, Sc, Co, V, Zr, Fe, Al, W, Se, Bi, Sb, As, Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated. The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups. Of these, concentrations of 12 elements （As, Bi, Cd, Co, Ga, Mo, Nb, Sb, Se, Sc, W and Yb） are below zero [（0.053-0.79）×10^-6]; concentrations of seven elements （Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Y, Zr and Cu） are （1.0-6.0）×10^-6; concentrations of four elements （Ti, Mn, Ba and Zn） are 10- 20×10^-6; and concentrations of five elements （Si, Al, Fe, Mg and Sr） are （47.44-268.11）×10^-6. The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina （Linn6）, Pitar rudis （Poli）, Nassarius reticulatus （Linn6）, Venerupis senescens （Coocconi）, Mytilus galloprovincialis （Lamarck）, Mytilaster lineatus （Gemelin in Linne） and Chlamys glabra. It was found that, in mollusk taxonomy, the elements have unique values. In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks. In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment. Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment. 相似文献
19.
Selenium and heavy metals content in some Mediterranean soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L. Roca-Perez C. Gil M.L. Cervera A. Gonzálvez J. Ramos-Miras V. Pons J. Bech R. Boluda 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010
The study of metal contents in industrial, agricultural or/and polluted soils compared with natural or unpolluted soils is currently necessary to obtain reference values and to assess soil contamination. Nonetheless, very few works published appear in international journals on elements like Se, Li and Sr in Spanish soils. This study determines the total levels of Se, Li, Sr, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ba in 14 natural (unpolluted) soils (Gypsisols, Leptosols, Arenosols and Acrisols), 14 agricultural soils (Anthrosols, Fluvisols and Luvisols), and 4 industrial–urban affected-surface soil horizons (Anthrosols and Fluvisols) of Eastern Spain. The geochemical baseline concentrations (GBC) and reference values (RV) have been established, and the relationships among elements and also between soil properties and elemental concentrations have been analysed. The RV obtained in this study were (mg kg−1): Se 2.68, Li 115, Sr 298, Cd 0.97, Co 35, Cr 217, Cu 46, Ni 50, Pb 137, V 120, Zn 246, Fe 124,472, Mn 2691, and Ba 743. The RV for Se and Li were used as a preliminary approach to assess soil contamination in Spanish soils. The results confirm human impact on Sr, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn soil concentrations, but evidence no deviation from natural Se, Li, Co, V, Fe, Mn and Ba concentrations. The results obtained from the statistical analysis reveal significant correlations between some elements and clay and soil organic matter (SOM) contents, indicating that metal concentrations are controlled by soil composition. One particularly interesting finding is the high correlation coefficients obtained between SOM and Se, Cd, Cr, V, Fe, and Mn, and between clay and Cd, Zn, V, Fe and Mn. Once again, these facts confirm the role of SOM and clay minerals in soil functions and that soil is an ecosystem element responsible for maintaining environmental quality. 相似文献
20.
Synthesis and Preliminary Characterisation of New Silicate, Phosphate and Titanite Reference Glasses 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Stephan Klemme Stefan Prowatke Carsten Münker Charles W. Magee Yann Lahaye Thomas Zack Simone A. Kasemann E. Joan A. Cabato Benjamin Kaeser 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2008,32(1):39-54
Eleven synthetic silicate and phosphate glasses were prepared to serve as reference materials for in situ microanalysis of clinopyroxenes, apatite and titanite, and other phosphate and titanite phases. Analytical results using different micro-analytical techniques showed that the glass fragments were homogeneous in major and trace elements down to the micrometre scale. Trace element determinations using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and secondary ionisation mass spectrometry (SIMS) showed good agreement for most elements (Li, Be, B, Cs, Rb, Ba, Sr, Ga, Pb, U, Th, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb) studied and provide provisional recommended values. 相似文献