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1.
我国海洋农牧化发展研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
该文对我国海洋渔业资源与开发现状进行评价,并在我国社会经济发展及技术条件允许的基础上,提出将传统的猎捕型渔业生产方式转变为管理型,以及进行海洋农牧化建设。 相似文献
2.
中国海洋经济省际空间差异与海洋经济强省建设 总被引：28，自引：3，他引：25
我国的海洋经济在空间分布上是由沿海具有海岸带、海岛与广阔海域的11个省(市、区)组成。20世纪90年代以来,中国把海洋资源开发作为国家发展战略的重要内容,把发展海洋经济作为振兴国家经济的重大举措,从而提出了到2010年形成若干个海洋经济强省的规划。建设海洋经济强省既可为我国建设小康社会,又能吸纳劳动力缓解我国的就业问题,又为我国西部开发和振兴东北老工业基地提供相关条件,使我国整体国民经济得到提升和快速发展。在研究中应用分析区域空间差异的定量方法、对各省(市、区)海洋产业以及海洋三次产业结构等的空间集聚与扩散程度进行分析,从而揭示其海洋经济形成的机制与规律,并提出了关于我国建设海洋经济强省的对策。 相似文献
3.
目前,我国海洋经济出现了许多问题,其突出表现在：海洋科技含量不高,海洋产业结构不甚合理,海洋资源合理利用程度不高,海洋生态环境遭受破坏,海洋资源开发出现较为严重的无偿、无序、无度等现象,严重影响了海洋经济的可持续发展。为了使海洋经济可持续发展,我国建立了相应的海洋保护区,由国家海洋局批准设立的国家级海洋特别保护区和地方级海洋特别保护区。 相似文献
4.
中国能源安全与南海开发 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
二十一世纪是海洋经济时代。随着我国经济的发展,能源问题日益突出。由于我国陆上石油资源日益枯竭,海上石油开发成为我国能源的战略重点。南海陆架新生代地层厚约2000～3000m。第三纪沉积有海相、陆相及海陆交互相,具有良好的生油和储油岩系。南海扼海上要冲-马六甲海峡,南海航线是我国能源的海上生命线,具有不可替代的战略地位。我国南海资源和海域主权遭受到极大的侵犯。发展深海油气的勘探和开发技术,开发我国的南海深水石油资源,维护我国海域主权已经刻不容缓。优先进行南海石油开发是破解我国石油能源困局的必选战略。 相似文献
5.
辽宁海洋综合经济区划分的初步探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
我国是海洋大国，有相当陆域国土面积三分之一的海洋国土。随着海洋资源的开发利用，海洋经济不断发展，海洋经济区逐渐形成。在全国划分经济区时，不应忽视海洋经济区。沿海省区在划分经济区时，更应把海洋列入到省级经济区内。辽宁是我国沿海省区之一，通过对辽宁海洋经济区划分的研究，探讨海洋经济区及其划分的有关理论、实践与方法。 相似文献
6.
我国三大经济区海洋经济时空差异探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文以我国陆域三大经济区为空间尺度划分海洋经济区域,在采用变差系数和泰尔指数定量分析海洋经济省际差异的基础上．运用泰尔指数对三大经济区海洋经济总体差异进行区际结构分解．比较环渤海、长三角和珠三角经济区内部海洋经济差异及区际差异,探究海洋经济差异的内部机理。并运用基尼系数分析三大区产业结构的演进过程。最后,总结我国三大经济区海洋经济差异的动力机制。 相似文献
7.
21世纪是海洋经济时代.随着我国经济的发展,能源问题日益突出.2005年石油进口量达到了12 280万t,对外依存度达到34%.由于我国陆上石油资源日益枯竭,海上石油开发就成为能源的战略重点.南海陆架具有良好的生油和储油岩系,可能成为另一个波斯湾或北海油田.南海扼海上要冲--马六甲海峡,南海航线是我国能源的海上生命线,具有不可替代的战略地位.发展深海油气的勘探和开发技术,开发我国的南海深水石油资源,维护海域主权已经刻不容缓.优先进行南海石油开发是破解我国石油能源困局、实现我国经济可持续发展的必选战略. 相似文献
8.
9.
针对传统的欧式测量方法在海洋小比例尺地图长度、面积等计算时存在精度差的问题,通过对WGS1984投影、墨卡托投影、兰勃托投影和阿尔伯斯投影等特性的研究,利用ArcEngine技术实现海洋小比例尺地图投影的精确测量及计算,论述在不规则地球椭球体下如何精确量算海洋距离、面积等信息,为我国海洋资源探测和军事战略方面提供基础服务. 相似文献
10.
海权论与和谐海洋大战略观 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
21世纪是海洋世纪。在当今和平的时代里,国家与国家之间的竞争,主要表现在能源等资源的竞争．人与自然的和谐发展以及科学技术的进步,如何用和平的手段去获取国家海洋的控制权益．提高国家的综合竞争能力,兵不血刃而达到目的,是我国重要的海洋战略。论文结合马汉的海权论,海洋新世纪的发展趋势,论述了构建当代我国和谐海洋大战略观及对海洋的控制权益。 相似文献
11.
在丰富的可供开发的海洋旅游资源中,由于一些"海洋灾害"能够满足旅游者求异、探险等多方面的旅游需求,能够给旅游者带来"壮美"旅游体验,使其实现自我超越,因而促成了新的海洋旅游产品——"海洋灾害"旅游。其实质是通过恰当的旅游形式对可用作旅游资源的海洋灾害进行的旅游活动,这些旅游资源不仅包括海洋灾害本身(如台风、海啸等)、以海洋灾害为旅游内容建设的主题公园等,还包括因海洋灾害给人类带来的灾难或引致事故产生的遗址、纪念地等。该文基于旅游体验理论确定了"海洋灾害"旅游开发的可行性,并针对海洋灾害的特点分析现阶段与之相适应的旅游体验开发方式,即旅游景观吸引系统的博物馆化和主题公园建设,并提出旅游消费者心理需求、安全保障系统、科学技术手段、宣传促销等是对海洋灾害进行旅游开发的关键要素。 相似文献
12.
南海经济圈的提出与探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
21世纪是海洋经济时代,以海洋为联系纽带的区域经济持续活跃.首次提出南海经济圈的概念,阐述了南海经济圈产生的条件,分析了其构成要素及产生的必然性,并对其未来发展进行了预测.分析认为,南海可能成为另一个波斯湾或北海油田.南海海岸带的砂矿资源丰富,港口众多,航道发达.区域内各国家近几年经济发展迅速,整体发展速度达4.5%,区域经济依存度增强.南海区域各国之间的经济差异性显著,互补性强,次区域经济体日趋活跃,各种经济要素流动性加强,经济圈条件日渐成熟,南海经济圈初显端倪. 相似文献
13.
Oceanic excitation of daily to seasonal signals in Earth rotation: results from a constant-density numerical model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rui M. Ponte 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(2):469-474
Velocity and mass fields from a constant-density, near-global ocean model, driven with observed twice-daily surface wind stresses and atmospheric pressures for the period October 1992-September 1993, are used to calculate oceanic excitation functions for the length of day (LOD) and for polar motion (PM), and results are analysed as a function of the frequency band. Variable currents and mass redistributions are both important in determining oceanic excitation functions. For bands with periods longer than one month, wind-driven variability is the primary cause of oceanic excitation signals. At higher frequency bands, larger deviations from the inverted barometer response occur, and pressure-driven signals contribute more significantly to the variance in the excitation functions. Oceanic LOD excitation is generally small compared to that of the atmosphere, except for the 2-10 day band. At these scales, adding oceanic to atmospheric excitation series does not lead to better agreement with the observed LOD, although this result may be related to data quality issues. With regard to the excitation of PM, the ocean is in general as important as the atmosphere at most time scales. Combined oceanic and atmospheric excitation series compare visibly better with geodetic series than do atmospheric series alone, pointing to the ocean as a source of measurable signals in PM. 相似文献
14.
T. A. Minshull 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,136(1):286-290
Seismic reflection profiles from Mesozoic oceanic crust around the Blake Spur Fracture Zone (BSFZ) in the western North Atlantic have been widely used in constraining tectonic models of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. These profiles have anomalously low basement relief compared to crust formed more recently at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the same spreading rate. Profiles from other regions of Mesozoic oceanic crust also have greater relief. The anomalous basement relief and slightly increased crustal thickness in the BSFZ survey area may be due to the presence of a mantle thermal anomaly close to the ridge axis at the time of crustal formation. If so, the intracrustal structures observed may be representative of an atypical tectonic regime. 相似文献
15.
Further evidence for oceanic excitation of polar motion 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
While the role of the atmosphere in driving variations in polar motion is well established, the importance of the oceans has been recognized only recently. Further evidence for the role of the oceans in the excitation of polar motion is presented. To estimate the equatorial excitation functions, χ 1 and χ 2 , for the ocean, we use velocity and mass fields from a constant-density ocean model, driven by observed surface wind stresses and atmospheric pressure, for the period 1993–1995; comparison with similar functions derived from a more complex density-stratified ocean model indicates the effectiveness of the simple constant-density modelling approach. Corresponding atmospheric excitation functions are computed from NCEP/NCAR re-analyses. Results indicate significant improvements in the agreement with the observed polar motion excitation when the simulated oceanic effects are added to atmospheric excitation. Correlations between the polar motion and the geophysical signals at periods of 15–150 days increase from 0.53 to 0.80 and from 0.75 to 0.88 for χ 1 and χ 2 , respectively. The oceanic signals are particularly important for seasonal variations in χ 1 (correlation increases from 0.28 to 0.85 when oceanic excitation is included). A positive impact of the oceans on more rapid polar motion is also observed, up to periods as short as 5 days. The sensitivity of the results to different forcing fields and different amounts of friction in the oceans is also discussed. 相似文献
16.
Jérôme Dyment Jafar Arkani-Hamed Abdolreza Ghods 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,129(3):691-701
Detailed characteristics of marine magnetic anomalies 33r and 20r suggest that the magnetization of the deeper magnetic layers, including the lower crust and possibly the uppermost mantle, is horizontally displaced with respect to that of the upper crust. We examine the possibility that serpentinization of ultramafics in the lower crust and possibly the uppermost mantle delays the acquisition of magnetization and introduces a shift between the upper- and lower-crustal magnetization patterns. Thermal evolution models and the resulting magnetization patterns of the oceanic lithosphere are calculated for a wide range of physical parameters such as the Nusselt number and the depth of hydrothermal circulation in the crust, and the temperature range of serpentinization. The models with moderate hydrothermal cooling of the whole crust and serpentinization temperatures ranging between 200 and 300 C successfully explain the anomalous skewness and the 'hook shape' of observed sea-level magnetic anomalies created at slow and intermediate spreading rates. 相似文献
17.
C. J. Greenroyd C. Peirce M. Rodger A. B. Watts R. W. Hobbs 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(3):964-987
Geophysical data from the Amazon Cone Experiment are used to determine the structure and evolution of the French Guiana and Northeast Brazil continental margin, and to better understand the origin and development of along-margin segmentation. A 427-km-long combined multichannel reflection and wide-angle refraction seismic profile acquired across the southern French Guiana margin is interpreted, where plate reconstructions suggest a rift-type setting.
The resulting model shows a crustal structure in which 35–37-km-thick pre-rift continental crust is thinned by a factor of 6.4 over a distance of ∼70 km associated with continental break-up and the initiation and establishment of seafloor spreading. The ocean–continent boundary is a transition zone up to 45 km in width, in which the two-layered oceanic-type crustal structure develops. Although relatively thin at 3.5–5.0 km, such thin oceanic crust appears characteristic of the margin as a whole.
There is no evidence of rift-related magmatism, either as seaward-dipping sequences in the reflection data or as a high velocity region in the lower crust in the P -wave velocity model, and as a such the margin is identified as non-volcanic in type. However, there is also no evidence of the rotated fault block and graben structures characteristic of rifted margins. Consequently, the thin oceanic crust, the rapidity of continental crustal thinning and the absence of characteristic rift-related structures leads to the conclusion that the southern French Guiana margin has instead developed in an oblique rift setting, in which transform motion also played a significant role in the evolution of the resulting crustal structure and along-margin segmentation in structural style. 相似文献
The resulting model shows a crustal structure in which 35–37-km-thick pre-rift continental crust is thinned by a factor of 6.4 over a distance of ∼70 km associated with continental break-up and the initiation and establishment of seafloor spreading. The ocean–continent boundary is a transition zone up to 45 km in width, in which the two-layered oceanic-type crustal structure develops. Although relatively thin at 3.5–5.0 km, such thin oceanic crust appears characteristic of the margin as a whole.
There is no evidence of rift-related magmatism, either as seaward-dipping sequences in the reflection data or as a high velocity region in the lower crust in the P -wave velocity model, and as a such the margin is identified as non-volcanic in type. However, there is also no evidence of the rotated fault block and graben structures characteristic of rifted margins. Consequently, the thin oceanic crust, the rapidity of continental crustal thinning and the absence of characteristic rift-related structures leads to the conclusion that the southern French Guiana margin has instead developed in an oblique rift setting, in which transform motion also played a significant role in the evolution of the resulting crustal structure and along-margin segmentation in structural style. 相似文献
18.
Alexandre Ganachaud Carl Wunsch Myung-Chan Kim Byron Tapley 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,128(3):708-722
A global estimate of the absolute oceanic general circulation from a geostrophic inversion of in situ hydrographic data is tested against and then combined with an estimate obtained from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetric data and a geoid model computed using the JGM-3 gravity-field solution. Within the quantitative uncertainties of both the hydrographic inversion and the geoid estimate, the two estimates derived by very different methods are consistent. When the in situ inversion is combined with the altimetry/geoid scheme using a recursive inverse procedure, a new solution, fully consistent with both hydrography and altimetry, is found. There is, however, little reduction in the uncertainties of the calculated ocean circulation and its mass and heat fluxes because the best available geoid estimate remains noisy relative to the purely oceano-graphic inferences. The conclusion drawn from this is that the comparatively large errors present in the existing geoid models now limit the ability of satellite altimeter data to improve directly the general ocean circulation models derived from in situ measurements. Because improvements in the geoid could be realized through a dedicated spaceborne gravity recovery mission, the impact of hypothetical much better, future geoid estimates on the circulation uncertainty is also quantified, showing significant hypothetical reductions in the uncertainties of oceanic transport calculations, Full ocean general circulation models could better exploit both existing oceanographic data and future gravity-mission data, but their present use is severely limited by the inability to quantify their error budgets. 相似文献
19.
Summary . In this paper we present laboratory measurements of compressional and shear wave velocities of a diverse suite of gabbroic rocks collected from the walls of the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre with DSRV Alvin. The degree of deformation and alteration affecting these gabbros is quite variable, and we believe that they are typical of plutonic rocks emplaced at shallow levels (upper portion of seismic layer 3 and shallower) of the oceanic crust. The compositional and textural variations are reflected in the wide range of laboratory velocities which span most of the range of seismic velocities reported for oceanic and ophiolite rock samples including basalts, gabbros, ultramafics, and their altered derivatives. Based upon the laboratory velocities and the geological setting of the Mid-Cayman gabbros, it is argued that no unique lithology, except anhydrous peridotite, can be unequivocally identified in the oceanic lithosphere from seismic velocity data alone. Furthermore, these data allow for the possibility of considerable lithologic heterogeneity within portions of the oceanic crust at the scale of a few centimetres to a few hundred metres. Such heterogeneities would go unrecognized because seismic refraction studies mask these variations resulting in a picture of apparent uniformity. 相似文献
20.
Earthquake mechanisms of the Adriatic Sea and Western Greece: implications for the oceanic subduction-continental collision transition 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Calum Baker Denis Hatzfeld Hélène Lyon-Caen Elephteria Papadimitriou Alexis Rigo † 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,131(3):559-594
We present 21 focal solutions (magnitude > 5.5) reliably computed by body-wave modelling for the western Hellenic arc from Yugoslavia to the southern Peloponnese. Mechanisms located within the Aegean show normal faulting, the T-axis trending N-S in the centre and parallel to the active boundary in the external part. Mechanisms associated with the Keffalinia fault are consistent with dextral strike-slip motion. Reverse mechanisms located along the active boundary are remarkably consistent and do not depend on the nature of the active boundary (continental collision or oceanic subduction). The consistency in azimuth of the slip vectors and of the GPS velocity relative to Africa, all along the active boundary, suggests that the deformation is related to the same motion. The discrepancy between seismic-energy release and the amount of shortening confirms that the continental collision is achieved by seismic slip on faults but the oceanic subduction is partially aseismic. The northward decrease in velocity between continental collision and oceanic subduction suggests the continental collision to be a recent evolution of the active subduction. 相似文献