共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 454 毫秒
1.
本文利用1951—1980年逐季的平均值资料(共120个季)讨论了北方涛动和与其相联系的北太平洋海温与北半球海平面气压场、500hPa位势高度场遥相关的基本结构,并与南方涛动和赤道东太平洋海温的结果进行了对比分析.发现北太平洋Namias海区和加利福尼亚海流区海温的变化与北方涛动具有很密切的联系;北方涛动和这两个海区的海温同北半球中高纬度大气环流特别是PNA型和NAO型环流异常存在明显的遥相关关系;南方涛动和赤道太平洋海温同WP型或NPO型环流异常关系比较密切,而与PNA型和NAO型的关系不如北方涛动和Namias海区及加利福尼亚海流区海温的显著. 相似文献
2.
3.
本文采用多维谱分析方法，用南方涛动指数与赤道东太平洋海温、信风指数分别进行计算分析，从中揭露了南方涛动和赤道太平洋海温的耦合振荡过程。它们的变化不仅基本上是反位相，而且存在着明显的时间差异。此外，本文还分析了南方涛动与信风的相关性。 相似文献
4.
本文采用经验正交函数展开和波谱分析方法，讨论了１９５３年１月至１９７７年１２月北太平洋５００ｈＰａ高度场分布特征及其演变周期，并讨论了它们分别与赤道东太平洋海温，南方涛动指数关系。计算结果表明，北太平洋５００ｈＰａ高度场的年际变化异常型主要为高度场大范围偏高，此异常型具有６０个月，４０个月，和２０个月显著周期，且在６－０个月，４０个月周期上同赤道东太平洋海温，南方涛动指数有显著关联； 相似文献
5.
影响长江流域异常旱涝的因子分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用相关矩分析方法，研究了赤道东太平洋海温等因子与长江流域夏季旱涝之间的关系及各因子在旱涝形成中的贡献。结果表明，所选因子的前期异常变化，对长江流域夏季降水都有不同程度的影响。它们之间的关系主要通过异常旱涝年反映出来，且海温、南方涛动指数和西太平洋副高与旱涝的相关具有一定的持续性。因子综合分析表明，前期赤道东太平洋海温、南方涛动指数、西太平洋副高及长江区温度在长江流域旱涝形成中贡献较大。 相似文献
6.
本文主要采用波谱分析方法对1957年1月至1977年12月赤道东太平洋海温(180°—90°W、5°N—10°S)、南方涛动指数和我国东部降水作了分析。通过功率谱的计算得到如下结果:(1)赤道东太平洋海温变化存在3.4年的振动周期。(2)南方涛动指数的变化存在3.4年和1年的振动周期。(3)我国华北、长江中、下游和华南地区降水分别存在1、2.3和3.4年的周期。利用交叉谱计算位相差,表现出海温与南方涛动在3.4年周期上近乎反向变化,海温的变化落后于南方涛动。南方涛动在3.4年周期上超前华南降水。华北降水在周期为1年的振动上落后于南方涛动。本文还对赤道东太平洋海温和南方涛动的年际变化作了简单分析。 相似文献
7.
在以前工作的基础上,本文进一步分析了各个季节北方涛动和与其相联系的北太平洋海温同北半球温带大气环流遥相关的特征,并与南方涛动和赤道太平洋海温的结果进行了比较,发现它们同北半球温带大气环流的遥相关,不仅具有很强的地区性,而且具有明显的季节变化。 冬季,北方涛动和北太平洋海温与PNA型相关非常明显,且比南方涛动和赤道太平洋海温的更密切。除PNA型外,北方涛动还同500hPa高度的亚洲-北美(ANA)流型有联系。 夏季,PNA遥相关型的表现仍然非常清楚,但位置较冬季偏酉和偏北,并在北美西海岸具有特殊的分叉现象。 相似文献
8.
我国东部夏季极端降水与北太平洋海温的遥相关研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
采用1951—1998年我国东部(105°E以东)59个站点夏季大雨及以上降水量资料与北太平洋海温场资料,借助于SVD分析方法,逐季分析我国东部极端降水与北太平洋海温及南方涛动指数的遥相关,进而检测影响我国东部地区极端降水空间分布的海温关键区和南方涛动及其显著季节(月份)。结果表明,我国东部夏季极端降水与同期太平洋SST的遥相关主要在太平洋130～170°E,5～25°N之间海域;Ni-no区域SST与次年夏季极端降水的相关主要表现在与华东地区的正相关;黑潮海域及加利福尼亚海流区春季SST与我国东部夏季极端降水呈明显的负相关;冬季太平洋SST与我国东部夏季极端降水的遥相关主要表现在,赤道东太平洋、黑潮海域的冬季海温与华东地区、河套地区降水的正相关;我国东部夏季极端降水与前一年秋季Nino区海温为负相关,与西太平洋海温为正相关。 相似文献
9.
ENSO事件与中国东南沿海3月降水关系分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1951—2006年永安、赣州、厦门、梅州、汕头、曲江和河源7个代表站3月降水量资料,以及南方涛动指数（SOI）和北太平洋海温资料,分析了中国东南沿海3月降水的年际和年代际变化特征,及其与ENSO事件的关系。结果发现,东南沿海3月降水具有年际变化大和年代际变化明显的特征,与SOI、赤道东太平洋海温和西风漂流区海温存在显著相关。在前一年出现厄尔尼诺现象,北太平洋海温距平分布呈厄尔尼诺分布型,SOI偏低的情况下,东南沿海3月降水偏多;反之,前一年出现拉尼娜现象,北太平洋海温距平分布呈现拉尼娜分布型,SOI偏高时,东南沿海3月降水偏少。前期1月赤道东太平洋关键区海温和前期2月西风漂流区关键区海温的异常变化,对东南沿海3月降水具有很好的指示意义。当前期1月赤道东太平洋关键区海温偏高,前期2月西风漂流区关键区海温偏低时,东南沿海3月降水偏多;反之,东南沿海3月降水则偏少。 相似文献
10.
11.
Increased evidence has shown the important role of Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) in modulating the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Persistent anomalies of summer Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) act to link the Atlantic SST anomalies (SSTAs) to ENSO. The Atlantic SSTAs are strongly correlated with the persistent anomalies of summer MJO, and possibly affect MJO in two major ways. One is that an anomalous cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation appears over the tropical Atlantic Ocean associated with positive (negative) SSTA in spring, and it intensifies (weakens) the Walker circulation. Equatorial updraft anomaly then appears over the Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean, intensifying MJO activity over these regions. The other involves a high pressure (low pressure) anomaly associated with the North Atlantic SSTA tripole pattern that is transmitted to the mid- and low-latitudes by a circumglobal teleconnection pattern, leading to strong (weak) convective activity of MJO over the Indian Ocean. The above results offer new viewpoints about the process from springtime Atlantic SSTA signals to summertime atmospheric oscillation, and then to the MJO of tropical atmosphere affecting wintertime Pacific ENSO events, which connects different oceans. 相似文献
12.
Changes of air–sea coupling in the North Atlantic Ocean over the 20 th century are investigated using reanalysis data,climate model simulations, and observational data. It is found that the ocean-to-atmosphere feedback over the North Atlantic is significantly intensified in the second half of the 20 th century. This coupled feedback is characterized by the association between the summer North Atlantic Horseshoe(NAH) SST anomalies and the following winter North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO). The intensification is likely associated with the enhancement of the North Atlantic storm tracks as well as the NAH SST anomalies. Our study also reveals that most IPCC AR4 climate models fail to capture the observed NAO/NAH coupled feedback. 相似文献
13.
The effect of solar wind (SW) on the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) in boreal winter is examined through an analysis of observational data during 1964-2013. The North Atlantic SSTs show a pronounced meridional tripolar pattern in response to solar wind speed (SWS) variations. This pattern is broadly similar to the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of interannual variations in the wintertime SSTs over North Atlantic. The time series of this leading EOF mode of SST shows a significant interannual period, which is the same as that of wintertime SWS. This response also appears as a compact north-south seesaw of sea level pressure and a vertical tripolar structure of zonal wind, which simultaneously resembles the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the overlying atmosphere. As compared with the typical low SWS winters, during the typical high SWS winters, the stratospheric polar night jet (PNJ) is evidently enhanced and extends from the stratosphere to the troposphere, even down to the North Atlantic Ocean surface. Notably, the North Atlantic Ocean is an exclusive region in which the SW signal spreads downward from the stratosphere to the troposphere. Thus, it seems that the SW is a possible factor for this North Atlantic SST tripolar mode. The dynamical process of stratosphere-troposphere coupling, together with the global atmospheric electric circuit-cloud microphysical process, probably accounts for the particular downward propagation of the SW signal. 相似文献
14.
The effect of solar wind(SW) on the North Atlantic sea surface temperature(SST) in boreal winter is examined through an analysis of observational data during 1964-2013.The North Atlantic SSTs show a pronounced meridional tripolar pattern in response to solar wind speed(SWS) variations.This pattern is broadly similar to the leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF) mode of interannual variations in the wintertime SSTs over North Atlantic.The time series of this leading EOF mode of SST shows a significant interannual period,which is the same as that of wintertime SWS.This response also appears as a compact north-south seesaw of sea level pressure and a vertical tripolar structure of zonal wind,which simultaneously resembles the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) in the overlying atmosphere.As compared with the typical low SWS winters,during the typical high SWS winters,the stratospheric polar night jet(PNJ) is evidently enhanced and extends from the stratosphere to the troposphere,even down to the North Atlantic Ocean surface.Notably,the North Atlantic Ocean is an exclusive region in which the SW signal spreads downward from the stratosphere to the troposphere.Thus,it seems that the SW is a possible factor for this North Atlantic SST tripolar mode.The dynamical process of stratosphere-troposphere coupling,together with the global atmospheric electric circuit-cloud microphysical process,probably accounts for the particular downward propagation of the SW signal. 相似文献
15.
Holocene climate modes are identified by the statistical analysis of reconstructed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from the tropical and North Atlantic regions. The leading mode of Holocene SST variability in the tropical region indicates a rapid warming from the early to mid Holocene followed by a relatively weak warming during the late Holocene. The dominant mode of the North Atlantic region SST captures the transition from relatively warm (cold) conditions in the eastern North Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea (the northern Red Sea) to relatively cold (warm) conditions in these regions from the early to late Holocene. This pattern of Holocene SST variability resembles the signature of the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation (AO/NAO). The second mode of both tropical and North Atlantic regions captures a warming towards the mid Holocene and a subsequent cooling. The dominant modes of Holocene SST variability emphasize enhanced variability around 2300 and 1000 years. The leading mode of the coupled tropical-North Atlantic Holocene SST variability shows that an increase of tropical SST is accompanied by a decrease of SST in the eastern North Atlantic. An analogy with the instrumental period as well as the analysis of a long-term integration of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model suggest that the AO/NAO is one dominant mode of climate variability at millennial time scales. 相似文献
16.
Atmospheric response to the North Atlantic Ocean variability on seasonal to decadal time scales 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The NCEP twentieth century reanalyis and a 500-year control simulation with the IPSL-CM5 climate model are used to assess the influence of ocean-atmosphere coupling in the North Atlantic region at seasonal to decadal time scales. At the seasonal scale, the air-sea interaction patterns are similar in the model and observations. In both, a statistically significant summer sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly with a horseshoe shape leads an atmospheric signal that resembles the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during the winter. The air-sea interactions in the model thus seem realistic, although the amplitude of the atmospheric signal is half that observed, and it is detected throughout the cold season, while it is significant only in late fall and early winter in the observations. In both model and observations, the North Atlantic horseshoe SST anomaly pattern is in part generated by the spring and summer internal atmospheric variability. In the model, the influence of the ocean dynamics can be assessed and is found to contribute to the SST anomaly, in particular at the decadal scale. Indeed, the North Atlantic SST anomalies that follow an intensification of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) by about 9 years, or an intensification of a clockwise intergyre gyre in the Atlantic Ocean by 6 years, resemble the horseshoe pattern, and are also similar to the model Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). As the AMOC is shown to have a significant impact on the winter NAO, most strongly when it leads by 9 years, the decadal interactions in the model are consistent with the seasonal analysis. In the observations, there is also a strong correlation between the AMO and the SST horseshoe pattern that influences the NAO. The analogy with the coupled model suggests that the natural variability of the AMOC and the gyre circulation might influence the climate of the North Atlantic region at the decadal scale. 相似文献
17.
M. P. Hoerling J. W. Hurrell T. Xu G. T. Bates A. S. Phillips 《Climate Dynamics》2004,23(3-4):391-405
Ensembles of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments are used in an effort to understand the boreal winter Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical climate response to the observed warming of tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the last half of the twentieth Century. Specifically, we inquire about the origins of unusual, if not unprecedented, changes in the wintertime North Atlantic and European climate that are well described by a linear trend in most indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The simulated NH atmospheric response to the linear trend component of tropic-wide SST change since 1950 projects strongly onto the positive polarity of the NAO and is a hemispheric pattern distinguished by decreased (increased) Arctic (middle latitude) sea level pressure. Progressive warming of the Indian Ocean is the principal contributor to this wintertime extratropical response, as shown through additional AGCM ensembles forced with only the SST trend in that sector. The Indian Ocean influence is further established through the reproducibility of results across three different models forced with identical, idealized patterns of the observed warming. Examination of the transient atmospheric adjustment to a sudden “switch-on” of an Indian Ocean SST anomaly reveals that the North Atlantic response is not consistent with linear theory and most likely involves synoptic eddy feedbacks associated with changes in the North Atlantic storm track. The tropical SST control exerted over twentieth century regional climate underlies the importance of determining the future course of tropical SST for regional climate change and its uncertainty. Better understanding of the extratropical responses to different, plausible trajectories of the tropical oceans is key to such efforts. 相似文献
18.
The present paper selects the northern winter of December 1995–February 1996 for a case study on the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic and Western Europe. In the Atlantic, the selected winter was characterized by positive SST anomalies over the northern subtropics and east of Newfoundland, and negative anomalies along the US coast. A weak La Niña event developed in the Pacific. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index was low, precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa was anomalously high, and precipitation over northern Europe was anomalously low. The method of study consists of assessing the sensitivity of ensemble simulations by the UCLA atmospheric general circulation model (UCLA AGCM) to SST anomalies from the observation, which are prescribed either in the World Oceans, the Atlantic Ocean only, or the subtropical North Atlantic only. The results obtained are compared with a control run that uses global, time-varying climatological SST. The ensemble simulations with global and Atlantic-only SST anomalies both produce results that resemble the observations over the North Atlantic and Western Europe. It is suggested that the anomalous behavior of the atmosphere in the selected winter over those regions, therefore, was primarily determined by conditions within the Atlantic basin. The simulated fields in the tropical North Atlantic show anomalous upward motion and lower (upper) level convergence (divergence) in the atmosphere overlying the positive SST anomalies. Consistently, the subtropical jet intensifies and its core moves equatorward, and precipitation increases over northern Africa and southern Europe. The results also suggest that the SST anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic only do not suffice to produce the atmospheric anomalies observed in the basin during the selected winter. The extratropical SST anomalies would provide a key contribution through increased transient eddy activity, which causes an extension of the subtropical jet eastward from the coast of North America. 相似文献
19.
北半球冬季阻塞环流与NAO之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先根据Oman关于北大西洋涛动（NAO）指数冬季平均值的年际变化挑选出强NAO年,然后利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,分析了在强NAO年北半球冬季阻塞发生频率和生命期的统计特征,最后通过对强NAO年大气斜压性进行冬季气候平均,合成得到了三个区域（北大西洋、欧洲和北太平洋）对流层平均大气斜压性随纬度的分布情况。结果发现：北大西洋在NAO负位相时下游阻塞发生频率更高,持续时间更长;NAO正位相则有利于欧洲长生命阻塞的发生和维持;北太平洋阻塞在NAO负位相发生频率明显更高,在NAO正位相阻塞的平均持续时间更长。大气斜压性随纬度的分布与阻塞的发生有较好的对应关系,过强的大气斜压性会抑制阻塞的发生。 相似文献