共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 656 毫秒
1.
论述了中小型地勘企业独辟新天地需要的四张“王牌”,即“建立健全信息网络,注重质量、恪守信誉,向管理要效益,大胆推广新技术、新工艺”。 相似文献
2.
岩石细观统计渗流模型研究(Ⅰ): 理论模型 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
渗流模型是岩石流固耦合研究的一个关键问题。岩石在裂纹开始产生至裂纹充分贯通前，其渗透性质受内部孔隙和不断演化的微裂纹的共同控制。目前，岩石的渗流模型一般只是针对单纯的裂隙（或裂隙网络）或孔隙建立的，因此，不能很好地描述岩石裂纹扩展演化过程中的渗透性质和现象。针对这一问题，提出了岩石细观统计渗流模型，该模型将岩石裂纹演化过程中的渗透性视为一个非线性动态过程，同时，考虑了裂纹扩展演化和孔隙渗流的共同作用。因此，该模型可用于分析岩石裂纹扩展过程中的渗透性演化。 相似文献
3.
The junction angle between the western Charlie-Gibbs transform fault and the spreading axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge diverges by 40° from the orthogonal intersection assumed in many studies of plate boundaries. This has been established by a surface-ship reconnaissance and by mapping fault trends in a transponder-navigated deep-tow survey of the fracture valley 25 km from the intersection. One set of normal faults trends 325–330°, parallel to the obliquely spreading ridge axis, and another set trends 275°, parellel to the direction of relative plate motion. Although the near-bottom survey was in the theoretically inactive part of the fracture zone, beyond the transform fault section, there is evidence for recent motion on faults that cut the thick sediment fill of the fracture valley.Oblique spreading of a ridge axis near a transform fault may result from distortion of the regional stress field by a strike-slip couple. Tension parallel to the long axis of the strike-slip strain ellipse, which is responsible for oblique normal faulting in transform valleys, causes oblique dike injection and oblique faulting in the axial rift valley. These effects extend further from transfrom fault intersections on slow-spreading ridges than on fast-spreading rises. 相似文献
4.
东南沿海及南海新生代火山作用与南海的形成演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
中国东南沿海地区和南海海域新生代火山岩系列、类型和SrNd同位素特征十分相似,具有板内玄武岩的特征。根据南海扩张时代,将新生代的火山岩划分为扩张期前、扩张期和扩张期后3大阶段,并利用原生岩浆推导了软流圈岩石圈的一些深部作用特征。扩张期前（接近扩张期）和扩张期软流圈顶部埋深较浅。从扩张期前（接近扩张期）到扩张期软流圈顶部埋深变浅,隙间熔浆增加,原生岩浆的演化具有前进式裂谷火山作用的演化序列,岩石圈扩张速率变大。从扩张期到扩张期后（直至第四纪）,软流圈顶部埋深逐渐变深,隙间熔浆减少,原生岩浆的演化表现出后退式裂谷火山作用的序列,岩石圈扩张速率逐渐变慢。新生代火山作用显示出的深部作用特征与南海的扩张和闭合一致,这为我们提供了南海形成和演化的深部作用证据。 相似文献
5.
E. V. Shipilov 《Geotectonics》2008,42(2):105-124
Chronological succession in the formation of spreading basins is considered in the context of reconstruction of breakdown of Wegener’s Pangea and the development of the geodynamic system of the Arctic Ocean. This study made it possible to indentify three temporally and spatially isolated generations of spreading basins: Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic, and Cenozoic. The first generation is determined by the formation, evolution, and extinction of the spreading center in the Canada Basin as a tectonic element of the Amerasia Basin. The second generation is connected to the development of the Labrador-Baffin-Makarov spreading branch that ceased to function in the Eocene. The third generation pertains to the formation of the spreading system of interrelated ultraslow Mohna, Knipovich, and Gakkel mid-ocean ridges that has functioned until now in the Norwegian-Greenland and Eurasia basins. The interpretation of the available geological and geophysical data shows that after the formation of the Canada Basin, the Arctic region escaped the geodynamic influence of the Paleopacific, characterized by spreading, subduction, formation of backarc basins, collision-related processes, etc. The origination of the Makarov Basin marks the onset of the oceanic regime characteristic of the North Atlantic (intercontinental rifting, slow and ultraslow spreading, separation of continental blocks (microcontinents), extinction of spreading centers of primary basins, spreading jumps, formation of young spreading ridges and centers, etc., are typical) along with retention of northward propagation of spreading systems both from the Pacific and Atlantic sides. The aforesaid indicates that the Arctic Ocean is in fact a hybrid basin or, in other words, a composite heterogeneous ocean in respect to its architectonics. The Arctic Ocean was formed as a result of spatial juxtaposition of two geodynamic systems different in age and geodynamic style: the Paleopacific system of the Canada Basin that finished its evolution in the Late Cretaceous and the North Atlantic system of the Makarov and Eurasia basins that came to take the place of the Paleopacific system. In contrast to traditional views, it has been suggested that asymmetry of the northern Norwegian-Greenland Basin is explained by two-stage development of this Atlantic segment with formation of primary and secondary spreading centers. The secondary spreading center of the Knipovich Ridge started to evolve approximately at the Oligocene-Miocene transition. This process resulted in the breaking off of the Hovgard continental block from the Barents Sea margin. Thus, the breakdown of Wegener’s Pangea and its Laurasian fragments with the formation of young spreading basins was a staged process that developed nearly from opposite sides. Before the Late Cretaceous (the first stage), the Pangea broke down from the side of Paleopacific to form the Canada Basin, an element of the Amerasia Basin (first phase of ocean formation). Since the Late Cretaceous, destructive pulses came from the side of the North Atlantic and resulted in the separation of Greenland from North America and the development of the Labrador-Baffin-Makarov spreading system (second phase of ocean formation). The Cenozoic was marked by the development of the second spreading branch and the formation of the Norwegian-Greenland and Eurasia oceanic basins (third phase of ocean formation). Spreading centers of this branch are functioning currently but at an extremely low rate. 相似文献
6.
L. Cocchi F. Caratori Tontini F. Muccini M. P. Marani G. Bortoluzzi C. Carmisciano 《地学学报》2009,21(5):369-374
Inversion of new high-resolution magnetic data from the Marsili seamount and the surrounding basin in the Tyrrhenian Sea reveals NNE–SSW magnetization stripes ranging from the Matuyama chron to the Brunhes chron, including the short positive Jaramillo subchron. The detailed magnetic chronology shows that from the late Matuyama (1.77 Ma), the average half spreading rate was about 1.5 cm yr−1 , with a slight decrease between the Jaramillo and the Brunhes events, when the growth of the volcanic edifice overcame lateral spreading. Analysis of spreading rate and volume of erupted lava indicates that at the beginning of the Jaramillo subchron (1.07 Ma), the Marsili basin evolved from pure horizontal spreading to a superinflated seamount as a consequence of tearing of the Ionian slab. Our data give us a snapshot of the geodynamic transition from an active backarc spreading phase to the vertical accretion of the seafloor because of a radical change in the subduction dynamics. 相似文献
7.
新疆巴里坤县三塘湖北卡拉岗组火山岩特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
新疆东准噶尔巴里坤县三塘湖盆地以北老爷庙额仁山一带，广泛分布一套红色、红褐、黄色酸性火山岩，前人（1：20万）将其归为下石炭统黑山头组（C1h）和中一上石炭统哈尔加乌组（C2～P1h），1999-2001年在这一带开展1：5万区调时发现，这一套火山岩不整合于下伏地层之上，从而将火山岩从老爷庙组（D3l），黑山头组和哈尔加乌组中解体出来，划归为卡拉岗组（P1k），为一套陆相酸性火山岩．以喷溢相流纹岩、霏细岩为主，是造山后弛张期大陆板内火山岩，时代为早二叠世． 相似文献
8.
利用山西省资源优势发展环保型有机无机复肥 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山西省有三分之二的中低产田土壤急需改良,研制和扩大环保型有机无机复肥是山西农业可持续发展的需要。利用山西的几种可改良土壤的矿物原料和有机废料与无机化肥配合试制出的“长效肥力宝”是一种新的环保型有机无机矿物复混肥。经初步试验,结果表明其肥效优于常规化肥的增产效果,土壤的有机质和N、P、K等养分含量有明显的提高。发展该类产品既保护了环境,又促进了农业生产的发展。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原隆升的主因—大陆板块内的盆-山碰撞作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在地壳运动中,盆地和山脉的形成机制是不可分割而有联系的。上地幔的波动起伏引起地壳上部物质的分配,在重力均衡作用的支配下,地壳物质由上地幔的隆升区域向拗陷区域蠕动,因而形成大陆板块内的盆地和山脉的分异和盆-山运动。高耸的喜马拉雅山和青藏高原就是塔里木盆地、卡拉库姆盆地和印-恒盆地等巨大盆地的扩张作用挤压而造成的。盆-山运动是真正的造山运动。 相似文献
10.
近年来, 一种新的海底扩张模式引起了广大科学家的重视.它与一般的岩浆型洋中脊扩张不同, 属于一种非岩浆或贫岩浆的海底扩张方式, 扩张作用主要通过拆离断层的滑移来实现.拆离断层使下盘的深部洋壳或上地幔岩石出露到海底, 形成了大洋核杂岩, 通常表面呈现龟背似的波瓦状穹隆, 或称巨型窗棱构造.从拆离断层、大洋核杂岩等基本概念入手, 综述这种新型海底扩张模式的特征, 总结归纳大洋核杂岩的分布状况及识别手段, 探讨其地质意义以及对海底热液活动、成矿的积极影响. 相似文献
11.
Tracing leachates at landfills is usually carried out using either geophysical methods or chemical analyses of groundwater.
There are often problems with fingerprinting pollution sources or clarifying the spreading pattern due to a wide variety of
possibilities giving similar anomalies. The aims of the project were to evaluate the advantages of combining results from
multigeophysical modelling and statistical/chemical modelling in order to identify pollution sources and the spreading pattern
and to test a new technique for chemical fingerprinting. The project was carried out at a landfill in central Sweden using
geophysical measurements and modelling of CVES, GPR and VLF as well as chemical modelling using M3 (multivariate mixing and
mass balance calculations). The results indicate that by combining geophysical modelling and chemical calculations, the possibilities
of fingerprinting the origin of pollution as well as delineating the spreading pattern are significantly increased. 相似文献
12.
13.
《Geoforum》2013
Social practice theories provide a unique platform for understanding how everyday practices become globalised through migration, spreading from one place to another, replacing local, often more sustainable, variations. Set in the context of the spreading of resource-intensive practices such as multiple daily showers, we explore the movement and migration of domestic practices, acknowledging that they are constantly shifting from one relatively stable form to another. Drawing on the phenomenon of human migration where, for various reasons, people move from one country to another, we argue that migrants ‘carry’ practices which can ‘travel’ between and across cultures, generations and living arrangements. People who migrate from one place to another are exposed to a greater range of practices than other more sedentary populations. On encountering new practices in the destination country, we propose the practices carried by migrants are subject to various forms of integration, disintegration and transferral across generations. Borrowing the idea of muscle memory from the biophysical sciences, we introduce ‘practice memory’ to explain how some practices thought to be ‘dead’ can be resurrected with relative ease. We also suggest that practice memory may explain how some practices can be performed in new contexts despite a person never having performed them before. We conclude by reflecting on how understanding these migratory processes, and the role of practice memory within them, offer new insights into how practices move and migrate from one time–space to another. 相似文献
14.
Yoram Eckstein 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(1):201-214
In Ohio, 1985 H.R. Bill 501 authorizes the local authorities to issue permits to use oil-field brine surface spreading as
a dust and ice control agent. Such permits are usually given without any necessary hydrogeological expertise as to the potential
impact on the shallow aquifers, particularly if the brine spreading occurs in a recharge area. One such case occurred recently
in the southwestern suburb of the City of Wooster, OH, USA, where a group of home owners were seeking judicial relief when
their water wells began yielding salty water as a result of brine spreading on a nearby large open storage area for oil and
gas well drilling supplies. The defendant, owner of the storage yard, acted in accordance with the permit issued by the local
authorities. Yet, decentralized decision making and an increased emphasis on local and citizen involvement have created a
gap between science and society. The local authorities were not required by law to condition the issuance of the permit on
an analysis of the potential environmental impact. The decision to issue that permit was made purely on non-scientific grounds.
Therefore, the residents had no choice but to embark on a costly process of proving the damages, causation, and liability
in court of law. During the protracted, 6-year long conflict, an extensive hydrogeological and hydrochemical data set (including
stable isotopes’ analyses along with the complete chemical analyses of major and minor constituents) was amassed at a great
cost to both sides. The following article presents the hydrogeological and hydrochemical interpretation of this data set. In addition, the case
illustrates a glaring deficiency in the Ohio, 1985 H.R. Bill 501, and one pitfall in the “politically correct” philosophy
of delegating decision-making process entirely to the non-professional local authorities. 相似文献
15.
Marin Bachvarov 《GeoJournal》1997,43(3):215-224
Although a constant trickle of outmigrants and several larger waves (mostly to Turkey) are characteristic for the modern history of Bulgaria, its ethnic composition was relatively stable. The ethnic Bulgarians are a clear majority, the largest minority groups being in descending order the Turks, Roma (Gypsies), the Muslim Bulgarians and several much smaller groups. The geographical patterns of distribution have been analysed. Over time, the policies of the Bulgarian state towards the minority groups have been varying between benevolence and restriction measures. The ethnocultural communities have worked out moduses of co-existence preventing the escalation of conflicts at the local level. 相似文献
16.
边缘海如何形成是地球科学的基本问题.本研究通过对南海区域深反射地震数据及钻井数据的综合解释,聚焦地壳深部结构和三维全变形机制,在南海陆缘张裂-海盆扩张的构造动力学研究中取得重要进展:(1)“大陆破裂非均一”:拉张过程垂向上分层非均一,受拆离断层系统控制;裂离过程横向上高度变化,中-东侧受岩浆作用主导,西侧受构造作用主导.(2)“海盆扩张非对称”:受周期性地幔对流活动主导,扩张表现为两次洋脊南向跃迁,方向也发生多次转变,导致南海扩张的不连续-非对称性.据此提出西太俯冲背景下周缘受限型海盆高度变化-非均衡扩张模式的新认识,丰富大陆边缘动力学理论. 相似文献
17.
《Computers and Geotechnics》2006,33(4-5):222-233
Determination of liquefaction induced lateral displacements during earthquake is a complex geotechnical engineering problem due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of the soils and the participation of a large number of factors involved. In this paper, a new approach is presented, based on genetic programming (GP), for determination of liquefaction induced lateral spreading. The GP models are trained and validated using a database of SPT-based case histories. Separate models are presented to estimate lateral displacements for free face and for gently sloping ground conditions. It is shown that the GP models are able to learn, with a very high accuracy, the complex relationship between lateral spreading and its contributing factors in the form of a function. The attained function can then be used to generalize the learning to predict liquefaction induced lateral spreading for new cases not used in the construction of the model. The results of the developed GP models are compared with those of a commonly used multi linear regression (MLR) model and the advantages of the proposed GP model over the conventional method are highlighted. 相似文献
18.
Miriam Billig 《GeoJournal》2016,81(1):123-137
The objective of this study was to understand the implications of forced displacement and resettlement of a rural community to an extremely different built environment in urban setting. Based on the Inglehart’s theory of cultural shifts we were able to delineate the process by which changes in physical environment caused significant changes in the community social structure and community members’ cultural identities. The collective characteristics that had once united and strengthened the community’s social structure began to dwindle. Meanwhile, a growing tendency towards individualistic characteristics gradually increased, causing the weakening and eventual dissolution of both the community and its social structure. The gradual process of community changes was reflected in the subjective narratives presented by community residents in a series of in-depth interviews conducted 4 years after the evacuation, in their new homes. Till that time, the community finally broke up, most of its members spreading out to live in various other areas. The study findings will be incorporated into a framework for resettlement policy on appropriate housing for resettled communities. 相似文献
19.
大洋钻探与深海热液作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在ＤＳＤＰ／ＯＤＰ的２６年钻探中，有近２０个航次钻遇到的热液作用踪迹或热液产物。强调了深海热液作用作为研究海底扩张，地幔物质上涌，新生洋壳生成及火山活动所构成的地壳演化过程，已经成了大洋钻探计划的核心内容之一，并由此在若干重大理论问题上，获得了突破性的发展。 相似文献
20.
Aaron Micallef Douglas G. Masson Christian Berndt Dorrik A.V. Stow 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(5-6):433-448
The Storegga Slide, which occurred ～8100 years ago, is one of the world's largest and best studied exposed submarine landslides. In this study we use novel geomorphometric techniques to constrain the submarine mass movements that have shaped the north-eastern Storegga Slide, understand the link between different forms of failure, and propose a revised development model for this region. According to this model, the north-eastern part of the Storegga Slide has developed in four major events. The first event (event 1) was triggered in water depths of 1500–2000 m. In this event, the surface sediments were removed by debris flows and turbidity currents, and deposited in the Norwegian Sea Basin. Loading of the seabed by sediments mobilised by the debris flows and turbidity currents resulted in the development of an evacuation structure. Loss of support associated with this evacuation structure, reactivation of old headwalls and seismic loading activated spreading in the failure surface of event 1 up to the main headwall (event 2). In some areas, spreading blocks have undergone high displacement and remoulding. Parts of the spreading morphology and the underlying sediment have been deformed or removed by numerous debris flows and turbidity currents (event 3). We suggest that the higher displacement and remoulding of the spreading blocks, and their removal by debris flows and turbidity currents, was influenced by increased pore pressures, possibly due to gas hydrate dissolution/dissociation or by lateral variability in the deposition of contourite drifts in palaoeslide scars. The fourth event entailed a large, blocky debris flow that caused localised compression and transpressive shearing in the southern part of the spreading area. 相似文献