共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
M. Amin 《Geophysical Journal International》1982,68(1):79-94
Summary. Surges are analysed by the regression technique. On the west coast of Britain surges are strongly correlated with meteorological variables such as barometric pressure and winds. The north—south component of wind is more effective than the east-west component in the generation of surges at Fish-guard and Portpatrick. The surge elevations at these ports are linearly proportional to the wind velocity. This pattern changes near Liverpool where the east—west component of wind dominates the development of surges. Here the surges are related to the square of the wind velocity. Moreover, the north-south component of wind over St George's Channel is marginally more effective than the north—south component of wind in the local area of the port, which suggests that a component of the surge near Liverpool is transported through St George's Channel. Spatial correlations of Fishguard, Holyhead and Liverpool surges also support this result. However, it is found that the forrnulation of a regression equation with simultaneous input of meteorological variables and spatial surges is ill-conditioned. Non-linearity resulting from surge-tide interaction is negligible at Fishguard and Portpatrick. The development of non-linearity starts when surges progress from Fishguard to Holy-head. The non-linear component is small near Holyhead but becomes a significant part of surges observed at Liverpool. The non-linear component may be represented as a modulation of the tide by a slow time-varying component of the surge. The component of surge variance which can be estimated by the regression model is over 70 per cent for Liverpool, 60 per cent for Holyhead and 50 per cent for Fishguard. 相似文献
2.
In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of cold surges in Inner Mongolia between 1960 and 2012 and their possible driving factors using daily minimum temperature data from 121 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia and the surrounding areas. These data were analyzed utilizing a piecewise regression model, a Sen+Mann- Kendall model, and a correlation analysis. Results demonstrated that (1) the frequency of single-station cold surges decreased in Inner Mongolia during the study period, with a linear tendency of -0.5 times/10a (-2.4 to 1.2 times/10a). Prior to 1991, a significant decreasing trend of -1.1 times/10a (-3.3 to 2.5 times/10a) was detected, while an increasing trend of 0.45 times/10a (-4.4 to 4.2 times/10a) was found after 1991. On a seasonal scale, the trend in spring cold surges was consistent with annual values, and the most obvious change in cold surges occurred during spring. Monthly cold surge frequency displayed a bimodal structure, and November witnessed the highest incidence of cold surge. (2) Spatially, the high incidence of cold surge is mainly observed in the northern and central parts of Inner Mongolia, with a higher occurrence observed in the northern than in the central part. Inter-decadal characteristic also revealed that high frequency and low frequency regions presented decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, between 1960 and 1990. High frequency regions expanded after the 1990s, and regions exhibiting high cold surge frequency were mainly distributed in Tulihe, Xiao’ergou, and Xi Ujimqin Banner. (3) On an annual scale, the cold surge was dominated by AO, NAO, CA, APVII, and CQ. However, seasonal differences in the driving forces of cold surges were detected. Winter cold surges were significantly correlated with AO, NAO, SHI, CA, TPI, APVII, CW, and IZ, indicating they were caused by multiple factors. Autumn cold surges were mainly affected by CA and IM, while spring cold surges were significantly correlated with CA and APVII. 相似文献
3.
南水北调对长江口盐水入侵影响的预测 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文简单地介绍了长江口地区盐水入侵情况,洪季长江上游径流量大,盐水入侵区在长江口外,对工农业生产没有什么影响.枯季,特别在干旱年份,长江口盐水入侵较为严重,在最不利的情况下,整个南支河段可为3‰左右的盐度所控制.文中根据实测资料的统计分析,预测了枯水年、平水年和丰水年南水北调对上海市吴淞口氯度变化的影响;还采用一维近似计算和相关分析法两个途径,预测南水北调后长江口5‰盐水入侵长度的变化情况.最后指出,洪季调水对长江口盐水入侵影响甚微,枯季调水,则需持慎重态度.长江口北支是盐水入侵的第二个自然污染源,如果堵塞北支,则可完全抵销南水北调所带来的对长江口盐水入侵的影响. 相似文献
4.
气候变化背景下中国风暴潮灾害风险及适应对策研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
风暴潮是沿海地区在强烈的大气扰动条件下产生的异常增水现象,并受海平面上升等因素的影响。中国风暴潮灾害频繁,其中尤以东南沿海地区发生频率较高,灾害损失严重。本文从风暴潮灾害的危险性、承灾体的易损性、综合风险区划3个方面系统总结风暴潮灾害的研究进展及存在的主要问题;并以风暴潮灾情特征及风险评估为基础,探讨气候变化对风暴潮灾害风险的影响及其适应对策。气候变化引起的海平面上升将影响风暴潮的趋势、周期及风险区域,因而亟待开展结合海平面上升等因素的综合风险评估。充分考虑气候变化背景下沿海地区自然条件变化及社会经济发展状况,注重短期与长期相结合,完善风险评估体系。为适度、有序的适应气候变化下风暴潮灾害风险,中国在应急预警机制、工程防御及政策法规等适应能力建设方面不断完善,以提高风暴潮灾害的防灾减灾能力。 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACT. Meteorological tsunamis, or meteo‐tsunamis, are long‐period waves that possess tsunami characteristics but are meteorological in origin, although they are not storm surges. In this article we investigate the coast of southern Britain‐the English Channel, the Bristol Channel, and the Severn Estuary‐for the occurrence of tsunami‐like waves that, in the absence of associated seismic activity, we recognize as meteo‐tsunamis. The passage of squall lines over the sea apparently generated three of these events, and two seem to have been far‐traveled, long‐period waves from mid‐North Atlantic atmospheric low‐pressure systems. The remaining three wave events appear to have been associated with storms that, among possible explanations, may have induced large‐amplitude standing waves‐such as seiches‐or created long‐period waves through the opposition of onshore gale‐force winds and swells with high ebb tidal current velocities. This coastal hazard has resulted in damage and loss of life and should be considered in future coastal defense strategies and in beachuser risk assessments. 相似文献
6.
近30 年来长江口岸滩沉积物与地貌演变特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过对长江口潮间带宽度、表层和浅地层柱状样沉积物、典型水下岸坡剖面的现场测量,以及对潮间带宽度及水下岸坡剖面的多幅历史海图分析,研究近30 年长江口岸滩演变特征及岸滩演变的主要原因。结果表明:(1) 岸滩沉积物整体上呈“北细南粗”的变化特征,横沙东滩北岸、长江和东海大桥下等主要大型工程附近潮间带柱状样粒序向上显著变粗;(2) 长江口部分潮间带宽度减少90%以上;水下岸坡由1980 年的“S”形向凹形、斜坡形等侵蚀型形态转变,岸坡明显变陡,侵蚀型岸滩特征凸显;南汇嘴至芦潮港岸段水下岸坡闭合水深1978-2004 年为-8 m,近10 年来滩底发生侵蚀,刷深约1 m;(3) 流域来沙量锐减导致长江口侵蚀型水下岸滩格局的形成;河口大面积围垦、青草沙水库和长江与东海大桥等大型工程建设是造成潮间带大面积损失和局部沉积物粗化的主要原因;沙体变迁是狭长型河槽局部岸滩演变的主要影响因素。 相似文献
7.
Summary. Although the tendency for surge peaks in the Thames to occur on rising tide has been recognized for some time, no satisfactory physical explanation has been presented. The phenomenon almost certainly results from non-linear interaction between tide and surge and it is the mechanism of this interaction which is examined in the present study.
A statistical analysis of surges recorded at 10 ports located along the east coast of Britain demonstrated the development of interaction as surges propagate southwards. This analysis showed that surges tend to develop a peak on the rising tide in the Thames irrespective of the phase relationship between tide and surge in the northern North Sea.
A one-dimensional model of the River Thames was used to examine how surge-tide interaction varied for surges of differing types. In order to identify the mechanics of interaction, a new modelling technique was developed involving two models, one of tidal propagation and one of surge propagation, operated simultaneously with cross-linkages in the form of perturbation terms providing the effects of interaction. By this means it was shown that quadratic friction is the dominant interaction mechanism in the Thames. 相似文献
A statistical analysis of surges recorded at 10 ports located along the east coast of Britain demonstrated the development of interaction as surges propagate southwards. This analysis showed that surges tend to develop a peak on the rising tide in the Thames irrespective of the phase relationship between tide and surge in the northern North Sea.
A one-dimensional model of the River Thames was used to examine how surge-tide interaction varied for surges of differing types. In order to identify the mechanics of interaction, a new modelling technique was developed involving two models, one of tidal propagation and one of surge propagation, operated simultaneously with cross-linkages in the form of perturbation terms providing the effects of interaction. By this means it was shown that quadratic friction is the dominant interaction mechanism in the Thames. 相似文献
8.
1368-1911年苏沪浙地区风暴潮分布的时空特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
搜集到1368-1911年苏沪浙地区风暴潮记录2119条,以此为基础,重建区域历史风暴潮发生的时间序列与空间分布。从年内分布情况看,苏沪浙地区历史风暴潮主要发生在6-10月,其中7-9月占80%,8月为全年最高值,占37%。68.56%的历史风暴潮发生在农历朔望日前后,其中发生在朔日前后（农历二十七至次月初四）的占35.57%,发生在望日前后（农历十三至十九）的占32.99%。小波分析结果显示：风暴潮年际变化时间序列存在54 a、30 a、17 a周期。历史风暴潮引起的海侵多发生在沿海地区,苏北地区历史风暴潮海侵淹没界线达4 m高程,长三角地区历史风暴潮海侵淹没界线达5 m高程,杭州湾沿岸、浙东沿海地区则分别达5 m和6 m高程。 相似文献
9.
The Pearl River Delta on China’s coast is a region that is seriously threatened by sea level rise and storm surges induced by global climate change, which causes flooding of large areas of farmland and huge agricultural losses. Based on relevant research and experience, a loss evaluation model of farmland yield caused by sea level rise and storm surges was established. In this model, the area of submerged farmland, area of crops, and per unit yield of every type of crop were considered, but the impact of wind, flooding time, changes in land use and plant structure were not considered for long-term prediction. Taking the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong as the study area, we estimated and analyzed the spatial distribution and loss of farmlands for different scenarios in the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, using a digital elevation model, land-use data, local crop structure, rotation patterns, and yield loss ratios for different submerged heights obtained from field survey and questionnaires. The results show that the proportion of submerged farmlands and losses of agricultural production in the Pearl River Delta region will increase gradually from 2030 to 2100. Yangjiang, Foshan, and Dongguan show obvious increases in submerged farmlands, while Guangzhou and Zhuhai show slow increases. In agricultural losses, vegetables would sustain the largest loss of production, followed by rice and peanuts. The greatest loss of rice crops would occur in Jiangmen, and the loss of vegetable crops would be high in Shanwei and Jiangmen. Although losses of peanut crops are generally lower, Jiangmen, Guangzhou, and Shanwei would experience relatively high losses. Finally, some measures to defend against storm surges are suggested, such as building sea walls and gates in Jiangmen, Huizhou, and Shanwei, enforcing ecological protection to reduce destruction from storm surges, and strengthening disaster warning systems. 相似文献
10.
珠江口伶仃洋海平面变化趋势研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
根据珠江口伶仃洋三灶,赤湾,香港三个站的验潮记录,应用傅氏变换方法对月均潮序列先做离散傅氏变换,并将周期小于４ａ的波动幅设为零,再进行反傅氏变换,以消除小于４ａ的周期波动对确定海平面变化趋势的影响,最后由低通序列一元线性回归分析确定穆江口各站的海平面变化趋势。 相似文献
11.
Yang Qingshu Luo Xianlin 《地理科学》1999,19(3):2
Tidal
gauge records are collected from three tidal stations in Lingdingyang Estuary. Fourier
transform and inverse fourier transform are used to eliminate the components that periods
are less than 4a from monthly mean time series. The secular trends of sea level are
determined by means of linear regression of low-passed time series. The empirical
orthogonal function (EOF) is used to analyse the spatial and temperal characteristics of
sea level change in Lingdingyang Estuary. The average rate of sea level change in
Lingdingyang Estuary, which is estimated by the time series of the main mode, is 0.89
mm/a. 相似文献
12.
13.
古黄河三角洲和现代黄河三角洲风暴潮灾害平均发生周期分别为11.3 a和6.4 a。现代黄河三角洲风暴潮灾害平均发生周期由1949年前的5.5~6.5 a延长至1949年以来的7.9 a,发生频率虽有所降低,但大型风暴潮灾害发生频率呈上升趋势,需修筑高等级的防潮堤坝。黄河三角洲风暴潮灾害取决于气象、地形和水文要素的综合效应:在气象因素制约下具有多发于初冬、春4月和台风期的季节特征;在地形因素制约下具有易发于SE风转NE风的天气特征;在水文因素制约下显示以近无潮点岸段为界,三角洲西、南两地成灾异时的特征。据此,开展风暴潮灾害预报和堤坝建设,可抵御潮灾和减轻潮灾危害。 相似文献
14.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(4)
The Pearl River Delta on China's coast is a region that is seriously threatened by sea level rise and storm surges induced by global climate change, which causes flooding of large areas of farmland and huge agricultural losses. Based on relevant research and experience, a loss evaluation model of farmland yield caused by sea level rise and storm surges was established. In this model, the area of submerged farmland, area of crops, and per unit yield of every type of crop were considered, but the impact of wind, flooding time, changes in land use and plant structure were not considered for long-term prediction. Taking the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong as the study area, we estimated and analyzed the spatial distribution and loss of farmlands for different scenarios in the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, using a digital elevation model, land-use data, local crop structure, rotation patterns, and yield loss ratios for different submerged heights obtained from field survey and questionnaires. The results show that the proportion of submerged farmlands and losses of agricultural production in the Pearl River Delta region will increase gradually from 2030 to 2100. Yangjiang, Foshan, and Dongguan show obvious increases in submerged farmlands, while Guangzhou and Zhuhai show slow increases. In agricultural losses, vegetables would sustain the largest loss of production, followed by rice and peanuts. The greatest loss of rice crops would occur in Jiangmen, and the loss of vegetable crops would be high in Shanwei and Jiangmen. Although losses of peanut crops are generally lower, Jiangmen, Guangzhou, and Shanwei would experience relatively high losses. Finally, some measures to defend against storm surges are suggested, such as building sea walls and gates in Jiangmen, Huizhou, and Shanwei, enforcing ecological protection to reduce destruction from storm surges, and strengthening disaster warning systems. 相似文献
15.
磨刀门河口沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
磨刀门河口的发育深受地质构造和动力条件的制约，在河流和海洋的相互作用下，形成了复杂的沉积特征。根据磨刀门河口表层沉积物的粒度分析结果，运用数学地质方法对粒度参数进行多元统计对应分析，并在此基础上结合地貌和动力条件，分析河口的沉积物粒度特征及其动力沉积环境。结果表明，河口表层沉积物主要有粉砂质粘土、粘土质粉砂、极细砂、细砂等类型；沉积环境可划分为河口主槽沉积环境、涨潮流沉积环境、浅滩沉积环境、拦门沙坝沉积环境及河口前缘沉积环境。 相似文献
16.
长江河口悬浮泥沙的混合过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据准同步观测的悬浮泥沙及表层沉积物粒度、流速、含沙量资料, 分析了长江口及临近海域悬浮泥沙在河口的混合过程。长江河口-陆架系统悬浮泥沙中值粒径呈现“细-粗-细”的变化规律, 河口上段悬浮泥沙中值粒径为8.9 μm, 拦门沙海域为10.5 μm, 陆架区为4.5 μm, 北支为9.9 μm, 杭州湾口为5.6 μm, 泥沙类型为粘土质粉砂。河口上段和陆架区悬浮泥沙与表层沉积物的垂向混合作用较弱, 拦门沙区域二者发生强烈的混合和交换, 悬浮泥沙在由长江河口向陆架系统输移过程中仅有表层泥沙保留了流域输入的泥沙粒度特征。长江口悬浮泥沙中值粒径与含沙量呈良好的正相关关系, 水流的剪切作用是引起拦门沙海域泥沙再悬浮、近底高含沙量和悬浮泥沙粒径增加的主要原因, 悬浮泥沙粒径和含沙量的增加主要由粉砂组分的增加引起。2007 年长江河口区范围内悬浮泥沙中值粒径比2003 年普遍减小11％, 含沙量比2003 年减小22%, 河口上段含沙量对流域来沙减少的响应最为敏感, 而拦门沙区的泥沙粒径对流域来沙减少的响应最敏感。在长江流域来沙量减少的背景下, 河口拦门沙区域仍能维持较高的含沙量, 主要缘于河口系统内部的供沙 相似文献
17.
云南东川蒋家沟泥石流频率高,变化多.每场泥石流包含几十到几百个阵流,各阵流具有不同的密度、流体性质和运动形态,流量涨落达3个数量级.这些特征意味着泥石流具有很强的随机性.根据蒋家沟的演化分区和野外观测,可以发现泥石流形成于特殊的源地分支.土体活动(包括滑坡、崩塌和局部的土体流动等)随机发生在那些分支流域,如果认为各源地的土体活动是独立的,而且活动强度正比于源地的面积,那么泥石流的形成和汇流就是一个空间Poisson过程.其结果是阵流流量服从指数分布,这很好地符合蒋家沟的泥石泥观测数据.从蒋家沟泥石流的随机性可见,泥石流依赖于流域的特定源区及其分布,而不是笼统地取决于全流域的地貌或几何因子. 相似文献
18.
By means of SEDEX, ASPILA and XRF, depth-dependent changes of different phosphorus forms in sediment cores from specific areas of the offshore Changjiang Estuary (Yangtze Estuary) in 1998 were analyzed. Results show that contents of total phosphorus (TP), organic-phosphorus (OP) and iron-phosphorus (Fe-P) decreased down-core, while those of absorbed-phosphorus (Ad-P) and calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) increased. The distribution tendency of detritus-phosphorus (De-P) is not obvious. Results also show that TP, Fe-P and OP contents at Meso station of the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay are higher than that of the other stations. This suggests that the pollutants carried by the Changjiang and the Qiantang rivers from inland have affected the natural environment in offshore area. TP, Fe-P and OP contents of each station become higher from bottom to top, indicating the amount of the terrestrial pollutants carried by the two rivers has been enhanced since the last 30-50 years. Ad-P, Ca-P, Fe-P and OP are all active phosphorus in sediments, and their re-cycling in sediment is closely related to each other. 相似文献
19.
东海沉积物中磷的存在形态及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
By means of SEDEX, ASPILA and XRF, depth-dependent changes of different phosphorus forms in sediment cores from specific areas of the offshore Changjiang Estuary (Yangtze Estuary) in 1998 were analyzed. Results show that contents of total phosphorus (TP), organic-phosphorus (OP) and iron-phosphorus (Fe-P) decreased down-core, while those of absorbed-phosphorus (Ad-P) andcalcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) increased. The distribution tendency of detritus-phosphorus (De-P) is not obvious. Results also show that TP, Fe-P and OP contents at Meso station of the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay are higher than that of the other stations. This suggests that the pollutants carried by the Changjiang and the Qiantang rivers from inland have affected the natural environment inoffshore area. TP, Fe-P and OP contents of each station become higher from bottom to top, indicating the amount of the terrestrial pollutants carried by the two rivers has been enhanced since the last 30-50 years. Ad-P, Ca-P, Fe-P and OP are all active phosphorus in sediments, and their re-cycling in sediment is closely related to each other. 相似文献
20.
互花米草在闽江河口鳝鱼滩湿地中潮滩的入侵及快速扩张,已严重威胁到鳝鱼滩湿地的生物多样性及土著种沼泽植物生态系统的结构与功能。为了从植物光合速率的角度分析互花米草入侵及快速扩张的生理生态学机制,利用Li-6400便携式光合作用仪测定了互花米草与土著种芦苇的光合速率日进程及光合光响应曲线。结果表明,互花米草净光合速率的日均值与最大值均大于芦苇,互花米草可积累更多的光合作用产物,使其具有更快的生长速率和初级生产力。根据两种植物的光合光响应曲线可以看出,互花米草利用光合有效辐射的能力更强,显示出互花米草的高适应性。 相似文献