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1.
Nonemployment income from investments, pensions, welfare benefits, and so forth provides one third of total personal income in the United States. Spatial concentrations of this income occur in places such as Florida, Michigan, Arkansas and the Great Plains. These concentrations result largely from the presence of older persons who are the principal recipients of nonemployment income. In turn, spatial concentrations of older persons result from “aging in place,” which typifies the Great Plains, or from amenity-bound immigration by older persons, which characterizes Florida. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT. Miami is the primate city in a system of urban settlements that make up a Cuban ethnic archipelago in the United States. The city is also a national magnet, attracting Cuban migrants from metropolitan regions across the archipelago. Four large secondary cores of Cubans outside Florida serve as major “feeders” to the Miami enclave: northern New Jersey, New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago. Currents of migration to Miami are especially strong among older, foreign-born, and disadvantaged Cubans, an indication of segmented paths in Cuban assimilation. Although concentration in Metropolitan Miami has been the Cuban story over the past three decades, processes of deconcentration now may well be under way. 相似文献
3.
把握中国老年人口健康水平空间演变规律对快速老龄化背景下的健康老龄化战略实施具有重要意义。本文基于第六、七次全国人口普查老年人口自评健康数据,采用探索性空间数据分析和重心—时空地理加权回归模型等方法,刻画2010—2020年中国省域城乡老年人口健康水平空间动态演化过程,揭示社会经济发展、人口流动、环境污染与保护等因素的影响变迁,主要发现：① 2010—2020年间中国老年人口健康水平总体上升,但城乡差异进一步扩大,城镇老年人口健康水平“东—中—西”递减格局趋于强化,乡村老年人口健康水平向“南高北低”转变;② 社会经济发展是影响城乡老年人口健康水平及其空间格局演变的首要因素,但作用趋于减弱,乡城人口流动导致老年人口健康城乡差距进一步扩大;③ 环境本底因素作用减弱,环境污染因素作用增强,环境保护举措在城镇地区呈现健康改善效应。 相似文献
4.
A region's elderly population has two sources of growth: net migration and the net aging-in-place of its resident population. This paper outlines a method for identifying the projected relative contribution of these two sources of elderly population growth over time, and illustrates it with data for the states of Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, and New York. The sources of elderly population growth differ between regions and over time. 相似文献
5.
1996—2015年纽约湾区生态系统服务对景观格局变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态系统服务价值对景观格局演变的响应研究已成为地理学、生态学等领域的研究热点。以纽约湾区为研究区,利用1996—2015年土地覆被数据和数字高程数据,采用生态系统服务价值当量估算法、景观格局指数、空间自相关分析等方法,分析1996—2015年湾区景观格局的时空演变规律,定量评估研究区生态系统服务价值,探讨纽约湾区生态系统服务价值对景观格局变化的响应。结果表明：①纽约湾区景观以林地和建设用地为主,其整体变化幅度较小,20年间湿地面积减少约10.94%,而建设用地增长幅度较高,约25.91%。②纽约湾区1996—2015年间ESV总量呈逐步减少,20年间共减少57.83亿元,2000—2005年间下降幅度较大约1.69%。③湾区ESV空间异质性较强,不同地区ESV增减所对应的土地利用转移各有差异。湾区南部热点区多出现湿地增加,而北部则以水域、草地增加为主。湾区西部冷点区多为湿地转林地的现象,而中部冷点区则以建设用地增加为主。④除建设用地外,湾区其余地类均呈现人为干预越少,景观结合度、聚集度越高,越有利于提升湾区整体的生态系统服务价值的规律。⑤纽约湾区ESV强度与土地利用程度（La）的空间关联性较弱,且湾区生态环境质量逐年下降。研究结果希望对世界级大湾区环境资源利用率的提升研究具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
6.
Aging of the U.S. and world populations highlights the need to understand how and where people age successfully. Older adults with chronic conditions may rate themselves subjectively as aging successfully despite their objective limitations. A typology of successful aging combining objective and subjective criteria has been tested, but spatial patterns in these dimensions have not been widely studied. Our research explores patterns of successful and unsuccessful aging using the colocation quotient, a measure of spatial association among categories in a population. The colocation quotient assesses the degree to which older adults who age successfully are likely to live near other adults who do not age successfully. Data on 5576 participants in the ORANJ BOWLSM survey, a statewide survey of older adults in New Jersey, were geocoded to the Census block level. Each participant was scored as aging successfully or not on each of the two dimensions. Global and local patterns of colocation of successful and unsuccessful aging in individuals were calculated based on the objective and subjective measures separately and then compared. The analysis reveals a strong regional pattern. In northern New Jersey and along the southeast coast, successful older adults on both dimensions were more likely to be colocated with subjectively unsuccessful older adults. In southern New Jersey, especially in the southwest, successful older adults on both dimensions were more likely to be colocated with the objectively unsuccessful. Spatial analysis of colocation can inform needs assessment for the growing population of older adults by identifying where older people age successfully and where they are aging unsuccessfully. 相似文献
7.
This paper examines problems of zonal definition in the context of a recent empirical project on the geography of inter-firm linkages in New York State. It is argued that the results of a spatially structured survey of private companies can change significantly depending on the manner in which the study regions of the analysis are defined. Variations in the composition of study regions are a result of either changes in spatial scale, or spatial zoning at any one scale. This point is illustrated with data from 472 New York State manufacturing firms aggregated into four different zonal systems. The results of the analysis suggest that misleading interpretations of spatial data can emerge, even when logical boundaries are selected from the outset. 相似文献
8.
Although China was one of the countries with the fastest-growing aging population in the world, limited scholarly attention has been paid to migration among older adults in China. The full picture of their migration in the entire country over time remains unknown. This study examines the spatial patterns of older interprovincial migration flows and their drivers in China over the period 1995 to 2015, using four waves of census data and intercensal population sample survey data. Results from eigenvector spatial filtering negative binomial regressions indicate that older adults tend to migrate away from low cost-of-living rural areas to high cost-of-living urban and rural areas, moving away from areas with extreme temperature differences. The location of their grandchildren is among the most important attractions. Our findings suggest that family-oriented migration is more common than amenity-led migration among retired Chinese older adults, and the cost-of-living is an indicator of economic opportunities for adult children and the quality of senior care services. 相似文献
9.
Kevin E. McHugh 《The Professional geographer》1989,41(4):429-439
The US Hispanic population has grown rapidly over the last two decades and remains geographically concentrated in nine states. Redistribution away from core states through internal migration has been largely offset by heavy immigration to traditional areas of Hispanic concentration. Geographical patterns of Hispanic miration show broad similarities to overall patterns of population redistribution in the United States. New York and California serve as key spatial redistributors or pivots in the Hispanic migration system. 相似文献
10.
"Using 1990 census data, this paper calculates the flow [of the foreign-born population in the United States] between states and from abroad; also, a multinomial logistic regression model of destination choice is estimated for resettlers and for migrants from abroad. There are three major findings. Firstly, Florida and California are the largest recipients of foreign-born resettlers; New York is the biggest loser of secondary migrants. Secondly, the presence of large communities of Mexicans in California and Cubans in Florida are very attractive to both resettlers and migrants from abroad. Thirdly, immigrants that are most in need of ethnic support networks (i.e. new arrivals or immigrants with low human capital resources) are most likely to choose one of the traditional immigration states as a destination." 相似文献
11.
This paper expands the human capital model to compare the migration propensities of Cubans, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans within the U.S. between 1985 and 1990. Using the 5% PUMS from the 1990 U.S. Census, both aggregate migration streams and micro‐level migration propensities are estimated for Cubans, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans. The effects of personal factors, the economic environment, and the presence of fellow nationals are examined in the context of larger geographic patterns, and discussed in terms of each nationality's immigration history and cultural context. While many factors effect migration behavior similarly, there are notable differences in the way education, English fluency, and unemployment rate affect migration propensity of the native‐born and foreign‐born of each nationality. Differences are also apparent at the macro‐level. Puerto Ricans show signs of dispersing out of New York; Mexicans are redistributing within the Southwest; and Cubans are re‐concentrating in Florida. Both levels of analysis point to how immigration history, settlement patterns, and cultural context influence migration behavior. The results demonstrate the benefits of using an expanded human capital approach to explain migration differences, and highlight the diversity of population redistribution occurring within Hispanic nationalities. 相似文献
12.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4):179-184
Abstract Around the World Program: Malta, Japan, Australia, Madagascar, Switzerland, and Fiji, Hilary Lambert Hopper, series ed. Fort Pierce, Florida: McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company. 1996 Atlas of World Geography, Brett R. Gover and Ann T. Natunewicz, eds. Chicago, Illinois: Rand McNally and Company. 1996 (revised 1999 printing). 176 pp. ISBN 0528177900 (paper). The New Comparative World Atlas, Charles G. Lees, Jr., ed. Maplewood, New Jersey: Hammond Incorporated; 1998. 96 pp. ISBN 0843771003 (paper). Political Geography: A New Introduction, Richard Muir, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1997 316 pp. Maps and figures. ISBN 0470237449. $39.95 (paper) The Southern Black Belt: A National Perspective, Ronald C. Wimberley, Libby V. Morris., Lexington, KY TVA Rural Studies, 1997. 49 pp. Illustrations, maps ISBN 0-9649746-2-2. The Rural Landscape, John Fraser Hart, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 1998 408 pp., figures, illustrations, graphs, tables, bibliography, index. $35.95 cloth. 相似文献
13.
生态系统服务对国土空间规划体系的理论与实践支撑 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
空间规划体系改革是推进生态文明建设的重大举措。面向新的国土空间规划体系,如何整合不同空间尺度下的政策,如何协调人类活动并保护生态格局和自然资源,是空间规划的核心问题,亟需吸纳多学科视角和知识加以回答。生态系统服务关联生态系统与人类福祉,是优化国土空间、推动规划决策更加符合生态文明理念的重要工具。本文立足于国土空间规划体系的构建需求,通过文献梳理和理论分析,从多个维度探讨了生态系统服务对空间规划体系构建的支撑作用。首先,对生态系统服务与空间规划价值目标的关联进行了基本判断,明确了生态系统服务不仅是空间规划进行自然资源价值塑造的载体,也是空间规划面向公共福祉的政府选择。其次,针对国家、省级以及市县和乡镇各纵向层级总体规划的功能定位和内容重点,分别剖析了生态系统服务对实现规划的战略性和政策性、协调性和操作性的支撑作用,并从尺度效应视角探讨了其对构建规划协同机制的促进作用。最后,面向“多规合一”的横向衔接需求,提出生态系统服务在培育部门共同价值,协同多元主体利益及改进空间规划技术三方面的重要作用。研究为指导空间规划体系改革提供理论支持和可行路径,丰富深化了生态系统服务在政策制定中的应用。 相似文献
14.
Historical geographic information systems (GIS) scholarship has provided important insights into a broad spectrum of historical questions in recent years. This article contributes to the emerging field of historical GIS by employing map algebra and transect analysis to quantitatively assess topographical change resulting from rapid urban growth in New York City since the first quarter of the nineteenth century. These methodological techniques enable a systematic comparison of Manhattan's historical and contemporary topography through a spatial analysis of various topographic metrics, including the extent of positive and negative elevation change, shifts in elevation range, the percentage of geographic area that experienced elevation changes, and the estimated volume of Earth added to and removed from particular areas within the study site. The results indicate that there were more valleys filled than hills leveled on Manhattan's East Side, whereas the reverse was the case on the West Side. The West Side, however, experienced considerably more topographic changes than its eastern counterpart, in large part due to the former's more rugged terrain. Overall, the evidence suggests that although Manhattan's topography has been radically transformed in certain respects, the broader spatial pattern of topographic variation has remained largely constant. These findings, therefore, can be used to support competing narrative claims concerning the significance of the topographical transformations that resulted from the urbanization process in New York City. 相似文献
15.
以美国为例,运用矢量数据符号法、核密度估计,结合负二项回归模型,研究世界一流大学空间集聚对研发密集型企业空间布局的影响,得出以下结论：① 美国一流大学和研发密集型企业高等级集聚区主要有东北沿海大都市带、硅谷地区、芝加哥都市区和洛杉矶都市区,两者呈现高度的空间集聚性和空间匹配性。② 美国研发密集型企业偏向于选择与自身从事研发领域相关的一流学科空间集聚区进行布局。③ 美国一流大学和研发密集型企业的高值热点区集中在硅谷地区,呈半圆形辐射状,较高值热点区主要分布在东北沿海大都市带,呈带状辐射。④ 为寻求创新资源禀赋,获取知识溢出经济,共享创新基础设施,降低技术转移成本,获得创新集群优势,研发密集型企业优先选择一流大学集聚区进行空间布局。 相似文献
16.
日常活动地建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响是老龄化地理学的热点话题,仅从居住地视角探讨建成环境影响可能导致研究结果偏差。为更精确揭示老年人日常活动所处场所建成环境与主观幸福感的关系,利用问卷调查等数据,基于老年人日常活动的时空模式及活动地建成环境特征,采用逻辑回归模型对比不同日常活动地建成环境要素对广州市老年人主观幸福感的影响。研究发现：老年人的主观幸福感受到不同活动地建成环境的共同影响,其中,居住地与日常活动空间建成环境对老年人主观幸福感影响的模型伪R2最大,而维护性活动地与休闲性活动地能反映出仅考虑居住地视角下忽略的部分建成环境变量。由于老年人在不同活动地的停驻时长、频率和目的不同,日常活动地建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响机制也存在差异,主要通过影响不同活动地相应的活动机会和出行环境产生作用。结论从老年人群日常活动的角度补充了时空间行为研究,有助于为老年主动健康服务供给与老龄宜居城市建设提供科学支撑。 相似文献
17.
Hospital service areas (HSAs) are increasingly adopted as a basic analysis unit for health care studies. The popular Dartmouth HSAs were produced more than two decades ago, and the process was far from automated. This research uses a Huff-based model automated in a geographic information systems (GIS) environment to delineate HSAs. Based on the Florida State Inpatient Database (SID) in 2011, a best-fitting distance decay function is derived from the actual travel patterns of hospitalization and then fed into the Huff model to strengthen the model's theoretical foundation in individual spatial behavior. The HSAs derived from the Huff-based model are then compared to the traditional flow-based HSAs defined by the Dartmouth method and assessed in terms of self-containment and heterogeneity of internal socioeconomic structure and urbanicity. The Huff-based model requires fewer data and is easy to implement as an automated toolkit and thus has great potential for replication in other regions to define large-scale and consistent HSAs. 相似文献
18.
In New Zealand, population change is interlinked with regional development. Places growing in population attract regional investment, while regional investment—or lack thereof—can change migration patterns. However, to determine the appropriate response to population change for a community, it is important to understand that population change involves much more than “just” migration. Specifically, it involves interactions between the three components of population change: natural change (births minus deaths), net migration (international and internal) and population ageing (changing cohort size). For example, migration can be negative, but growth can be positive due to underlying natural increase or growth in cohort size. Responses need to differ, depending on these drivers. The goal of this article is to provide new insights into these interactions using data for 275 cities, towns and rural centres (hereafter “urban places”) in New Zealand for the period 1976 to 2013. The results show that natural change has been consistently positive for most urban places up to the present, although projections indicate that in the future this component will become negative across much of the country. At the same time, net migration shows considerable spatial variation, not only in terms of volume, but also direction (negative or positive), which differs markedly by age. A net gain of people of retirement age can offset a net loss of young adults to deliver overall growth, and vice‐versa, but the two have very different implications for longer term growth. An analysis of the drivers of net migration using GIS and machine learning techniques provides an indication of the importance of economic conditions (land‐use and access to markets), lifestyle, access to essential services (hospitals and education) and their interaction with age in regional change. The results show that population age is the best predictor of migration. Younger people are moving to cities for tertiary education and work and older people near or in retirement are moving to smaller lifestyle towns but also want to be close to amenities such as hospitals and international airports. The research also shows that natural lifestyle characteristics (landscape and climate), in combination with age are just as important as economic conditions for understanding migration. Regional development, such as infrastructure that helps business (ports and services) is important for the working age population but not necessarily the retirement age group. When regional development, age/life‐cycle stage and lifestyle come together, such as in Queenstown and Tauranga, net migration gain is high. 相似文献
19.
基于2010年第六次全国人口普查微观数据和夜间灯光数据等,运用多层级logistic回归模型估计中国城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康的关联,分析城镇化健康效应在不同老年人群体间的差异,并运用倾向得分匹配方法,控制“自选择”机制对分析结果的干扰。结果表明：1）中国县区城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康呈显著正相关关系,居住于城镇化水平中等和城镇化速度较快县区的老年人更可能自评为健康;2）城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康的关系在不同受教育程度和户口状态的老年人群体间存在显著差异,城镇化水平和速度对受教育程度较低、持有本地户口老年人健康水平的提升效益更大;3）控制了老年人居住“自选择”的干扰后,县区城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康的正向关联依然稳健,表明“自选择偏误”对中国县区城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康的关系没有显著的影响。 相似文献
20.
Robert J Kruse II 《Area》2003,35(2):154-162
This paper examines the significance of Strawberry Fields, the memorial to John Lennon in Central Park, New York City, as a place of secular pilgrimage. Situated within postmodern conceptualizations of secular pilgrimage, Strawberry Fields is shown to be the spatial focus of a variety of discourses related to John Lennon's life and music. Furthermore, this paper illustrates how autobiography as a qualitative research method can reveal the sentiments that motivate particular pilgrims to places associated with major figures in popular music. 相似文献