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1.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):326-332
Abstract This exercise has been used successfully by more than a thousand students is an introductory college course, and it probably could be equally successful with high school students. Census tract data are used in a simulated research project. Quality of housing in the dependent variable (whose distribution we wish to “explain”), with owner-occupancy and age of housing as independent (or “explanatory”) variables. The distribution of the three variables is compared visually (by maps) and statistically (by scattergrams). A regression line is placed on the better scattergram, and residual values are mapped to provide a basis for the formulation of better working hypotheses. 相似文献
2.
转型期广州市居民职住模式的群体差异及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
职住关系是城市研究领域重要的议题之一。体制改革后中国社会分层结构特殊,检验不同阶层居民在职住地选择偏好的差异,有助于理解居民职住格局形成的内部机制。利用广州市入户问卷调查、建成环境和人口普查等数据,采用两步聚类和多项logistic回归,对广州市居民进行阶层划分,对比居民职住模式的群体差异及其影响因素。结果表明：职住决策时,体制外工薪阶层追求低生活成本,受职住地建成环境影响显著;体制内阶层习惯于传统单位制下社会关系密切的社区,受邻里环境影响显著,还受个人属性影响;无固定工作者决策自由和平衡程度高,受少量建成环境因素影响。研究有助于了解居民职住格局形成的制度性机制,为优化居民职住格局提供思路。 相似文献
3.
GIS支持下三峡库区秭归县滑坡灾害空间预测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于GIS空间分析和统计模型相结合进行区域评价与空间预测是滑坡灾害研究的重要方向之一。以三峡库区秭归县为研究区,选择坡度、坡向、边坡结构、工程岩组、排水系统、土地利用和公路开挖作为评价因子。为提高模型的预测精度、可信度和推广能力,利用窗口采样规则降低训练样本之间的空间相关性。建立Logistic回归模型,对滑坡灾害与评价因子进行定量相关性分析。计算研究区滑坡灾害易发性指数,对其进行聚类分析,绘制滑坡易发性分区图,其中高、中易发区占整个研究区面积的38.9%,主要分布在人类工程活动频繁和靠近排水系统的区域。经过验证,该模型的预测精度达到77.57%。 相似文献
4.
建成环境对步行通勤通学的影响——以中国香港为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
步行是一种重要的交通方式,也是体力活动的重要组成部分。然而,现代城市居民步行频率持续下降,相应地带来体力活动水平的持续降低,伴随着肥胖等慢性非传染病广泛蔓延,值得警惕。西方很多研究证实了建成环境(常以“3D”或“5D”等模型刻画)对步行行为的影响。基于西方的结论对于中国香港、北京和上海等具有与西方城市大相迥异的建成环境的城市是否适用?不同的人群由于具有不同的社会经济属性和生活节奏、习惯,其步行行为受建成环境的影响在方向、强度上是否存在差异?为解决上述问题,论文以香港为案例地,以职员和学生2类人群的步行通勤通学行为为研究对象,利用香港人口普查数据、Open Street Map数据以及中原地图数据等,采用传统的线性回归和空间计量模型进行分析,发现：①通勤通学距离是影响职员和学生步行通勤通学行为的最重要变量;②以“5D”模型刻画的建成环境对香港居民步行通勤通学行为的影响,与西方情境下的结论存在一定的差异,如,在香港,距地铁站的距离与职员和学生步行通勤比例相关性均不显著;③建成环境对步行通勤通学行为的影响,在职员与学生两类人群之间在方向和强度上存在显著差异。例如人口密度与职员步行通勤比例负相关,但与学生步行通学比例正相关。研究凸显了在“建成环境-交通行为”关系研究中情境(context)和人群区分(segmentation)的重要性。 相似文献
5.
This study assessed spatial context and the local impacts of putative factors on the proportion of prostate cancer diagnosed at late-stages in Florida during the period 2001–2007. A logistic regression was performed aspatially and by geographically-weighted regression (GWR) at the nodes of a 5 km spacing grid overlaid over Florida and using all the cancer cases within a radius of 125 km of each node. Variables associated significantly with high percentages of late-stage prostate cancer included having comorbidities, smoking, being Black and living in census tracts with farmhouses. Having private or public insurance, being married or diagnosed in a for-profit facility, as well as living in census tracts with high household income reduced significantly this likelihood. Geographically-weighted regression allowed the identification of areas where the local odds ratio is significantly different from the ratio estimated using aspatial regression (State-level). For example, the local odds ratios for the comorbidity covariates were significantly smaller than the State-level odds ratio in Tallahassee and Pensacola, while they were significantly larger in Palm Beach. This emphasizes the need for local strategies and cancer control interventions to reduce the percentage of prostate cancer diagnosed at late-stages and ultimately eliminate health disparities. 相似文献
6.
This article examines the effect of high foreclosure rates on postrecession lending. Our hypothesis is that high neighborhood foreclosure rates will have a significant and positive effect on the likelihood of mortgage loan denial. In a case study on Toledo, Ohio, we explore the role of foreclosure activity, race, and racial disparities in lending practices and how they differ across neighborhoods. Our results suggest that applicants in high-foreclosure neighborhoods have a greater likelihood of loan denial (ceteris paribus). We also find that minority applicants face a higher probability of loan denial in high-foreclosure minority neighborhoods. Overall, the results depict highly variable lending practices where race seems to make a difference albeit in a small subset of neighborhoods deeply affected by the foreclosure crisis. There is also some indication of a chilling effect on minority loan applicants in Toledo during the postrecession period. Key Words: foreclosure, logistic regression, mortgage lending, neighborhood contingency, race discrimination. 相似文献
7.
Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
This work has evaluated the probability of earthquake-triggered landslide occurrence in the whole of El Salvador, with a Geographic Information System (GIS) and a logistic regression model. Slope gradient, elevation, aspect, mean annual precipitation, lithology, land use, and terrain roughness are the predictor variables used to determine the dependent variable of occurrence or non-occurrence of landslides within an individual grid cell. The results illustrate the importance of terrain roughness and soil type as key factors within the model — using only these two variables the analysis returned a significance level of 89.4%. The results obtained from the model within the GIS were then used to produce a map of relative landslide susceptibility. 相似文献
8.
Amin Tayyebi Phillips Christian Perry Amir Hossein Tayyebi 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(4):639-659
This paper presents an urban growth boundary model (UGBM) which utilizes spatial logistic regression (SLR), remote sensing, and GIS to simulate the differentially expanding geometry of a dynamic urban boundary over decadal time periods. SLR is used as the core algorithm in a UGBM quantifying how biophysical factors influence the rate at which all edges of an urban boundary expand over time. Spatial drivers selected from a raster-based environment are used as input predictor variables to the SLR UGBM, the output response variable being the distance between time-separated urban boundary intersections along arcs extending radially from a point centered at the urban core relative to the maximum distance. Percent area match (PAM) quantity and location goodness-of-fit metrics, fit of the predicted distance versus observed distance, and the sensitivity of the SLR UGBM to the contribution of each predictor variable are used to assess the agreement between predicted and observed urban boundaries. The model is built, tested, and validated using satellite images of the city of Las Vegas, United States of America, collected in 1990, 2000, and 2010. We compare urban boundary simulation of full and reduced SLR UGBMs to a null UGBM lacking in specificity of predictor variables. Results indicate that the SLR UGBM has a better goodness of fit compared to a null UGBM using PAM quantity and location goodness-of-fit metrics. Then, we use the SLR UGBM to predict urban boundary expansion between the years 2000 and 2010 and describe how this model can be used to plan ahead for future boundary expansions given what is known about current edge conditions. 相似文献
9.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):102-109
Abstract This paper addresses the neglect of social justice and social change in the undergraduate general education curriculum at a community college. The intended audience of this paper is community college instructors with heavy teaching loads of mostly general education courses. Without pretending to be a rigorous analysis of theories of radical pedagogy in the classroom, this article aims to balance a review of the discourse surrounding the undergraduate general education curriculum with examples of classroom practices. The first step in preparing our students to become agents of social change is to equip them with understanding and empathy, in the hope of ending the alienation that is a barrier to action. Assignments in general education geography courses are shared and reflected upon as a first step in grounding theory and introducing students to the struggle for social justice at home and abroad. 相似文献
10.
"Using 1990 census data, this paper calculates the flow [of the foreign-born population in the United States] between states and from abroad; also, a multinomial logistic regression model of destination choice is estimated for resettlers and for migrants from abroad. There are three major findings. Firstly, Florida and California are the largest recipients of foreign-born resettlers; New York is the biggest loser of secondary migrants. Secondly, the presence of large communities of Mexicans in California and Cubans in Florida are very attractive to both resettlers and migrants from abroad. Thirdly, immigrants that are most in need of ethnic support networks (i.e. new arrivals or immigrants with low human capital resources) are most likely to choose one of the traditional immigration states as a destination." 相似文献
11.
以30个省会城市为研究对象,将旅程时间、费用、列车、运行里程、速度等大数据融入交通优势度指标体系,采用熵值法计算2019年省会城市交通优势度并利用地理探测器和地理加权回归模型探究其影响因素。研究发现：（1）交通优势度空间差异显著,交通优势度各等级圈层中心城市在空间中呈现不均衡分布格局,呈现由华中、华东地区节点沿铁路网向外递减的“核心-半边缘”结构,形成多等级节点城市交互作用的交通等级网络体系;（2）地方一般公共预算支出、高铁数目为交通优势度的主导探测因子,多因子交互作用均使其空间分异的解释力显著提升;（3）各因素影响程度具有较大空间异质性,除平均坡度和平均高程外其他因素均为正向影响,人均可支配收入、平均高程和普通本专科学生的回归系数呈现由华西地区向华东地区过渡转而向北增长的趋势,平均坡度、动车数目、普通列车数目的回归系数由西向东分层递减,火车站数目和高铁数目分别对华东地区、华西地区和华北地区的影响较大。 相似文献
12.
北京航空旅客出行特征及新机场旅客分担 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于北京市大样本航空旅客问卷调查, 采用结构相似系数和序数逻辑回归模型对398 份普通旅客问卷和3942 份航空旅客问卷定量分析发现:北京地区的旅客出行具有“近谷远峰”的空间性, 其对交通方式的选择具有“航进陆退”的发展趋势和“近汽远飞”的空间特征;基于票价、时间、舒适和自由等4 大因素, 旅客按照供需结构相似决策机制, 选择出行交通方式;年龄和性别对航空旅客出行的影响不显著, 教育程度和月收入水平对航空旅客的“时间价值”、“乘机比例”和“乘机频率”均有正向影响, 其中月收入水平影响最大;公商务旅客主要选择飞机和动车出行, 度假旅游者主要选择动车和飞机出行, 探亲访友者主要选择长途汽车和自驾车出行, 学生主要选择火车和长途汽车出行。基于时间价值和效用函数, 采用logit 模型计算出北京新机场对北京市航空旅客的分担率为41.2%。 相似文献
13.
Michael C. Mackiewicz 《Polar Science》2012,6(3-4):226-236
Seasonal snow cover provides an effective insulating barrier, separating shallow soil (0.25 m) from direct localized meteorological conditions. The effectiveness of this barrier is evident in a lag in the soil temperature response to changing air temperature. The causal relationship between air and soil temperatures is largely because of the presence or absence of snow cover, and is frequently characterized using linear regression analysis. However, the magnitude of the dampening effect of snow cover on the temperature response in shallow soils is obscured in linear regressions. In this study the author used multiple linear regression (MLR) with dummy predictor variables to quantify the degree of dampening between air and shallow soil temperatures in the presence and absence of snow cover at four Greenland sites. The dummy variables defining snow cover conditions were z = 0 for the absence of snow and z = 1 for the presence of snow cover. The MLR was reduced to two simple linear equations that were analyzed relative to z = 0 and z = 1 to enable validation of the selected equations. Compared with ordinary linear regression of the datasets, the MLR analysis yielded stronger coefficients of multiple determination and less variation in the estimated regression variables. 相似文献
14.
We developed an approach using remote sensing and modeling, applicable to Algerian forest inventory, for estimating the volume of timber in Aleppo pine stands. We used ordinary linear regression (OLR) and reduced major axis (RMA) regression to assess an operational model to map stand volume from satellite images. Our analysis was supported by measurements from 151 sample plots and spectral values from remote sensing imagery. Fifteen candidate models were tested through the Akaike Information Criterion to assess their predictive power. For the 2009 Landsat TM image, we found that the best models for both regression methods used the NDVI as the independent variable. The RMSEs were 20.3% (16.10 m3 ha−1) and 22.5% (17.83 m3 ha−1), respectively, for OLR and RMA. We chose the RMA regression models because they had realistic standard deviation values for the estimated volumes, and they gave lower RMSEs in volume classes over 40 m3 ha−1. Our method gave similar results for two other images, which demonstrated that our approach was robust when applied to data from a different year (2006 Landsat TM), but from the same sensor, and also to data from a different sensor (2005 Alsat-1). 相似文献
15.
对中国2000-2012年造成人员伤亡的地质灾害事件进行分析,其空间分布格局受地形等自然环境要素的影响,南多北少,主要位于川西山区和云贵高原地区,东南丘陵地区,北方黄土丘陵,以及祁连山脉和天山山脉等地区,但局部地区的分布格局表明其还受到人为因素影响。构建基于二元Logistic回归的中国地质灾害伤亡事件发生概率模型（CELC）,定量分析自然、人为因素的影响程度,结果表明GDP增长率是仅次于地形起伏度的第二大影响因素,GDP增长率每增加2.72%,地质灾害伤亡事件发生的概率变为原来的2.706倍。此外还有多年平均降水、植被覆盖度、岩性、土壤类型、断裂带、产业类型和人口密度等因素。将CELC模型应用于中国县域,计算各个县的地质灾害伤亡事件概率,发现尚未发生但概率较高的县有27个,或为贫困县、或为矿产工业县域,或为房产过度开发县,它们是未来中国需要重点防范地质灾害的县域。 相似文献
16.
基于大学生认知地图的长江中游城市群空间范围认知 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
国务院《长江中游城市群规划》的颁布虽然结束了一直以来的“中三角”和“中四角”的争论,但与公众对其空间范围的认知仍然存在一定的差异。通过问卷获取武汉、长沙和南昌三市大学生对长江中游城市群空间范围的认知地图,并绘制认知范围集成图、密度图和认知比例图等分析其认知特性;通过构建面积偏差系数和中心偏差系数度量了认知地图与规划地图的差异,探究个体社会属性对认知差异的影响。研究发现：① 三市大学生的认知地图呈“武汉+”的特色,长沙市有“南向偏移”的趋势、南昌市“东南向偏移”趋势明显;② 三市大学生的空间认知范围与《长江中游城市群规划》的范围存在差异,其中南昌市大学生差异最大,长沙次之,武汉最小;③ 个体社会属性与认知差异存在关联,其中性别、居住地、专业和居住时间变量为显著影响因子。公众空间认知的差异及其影响因素在一定程度上会影响到城市群发展的政策偏好,研究结论可为未来城市群的构建和城市政策的制定提供新的参考。 相似文献
17.
V.F. Rodriguez-Galiano M. Chica-Olmo M. Chica-Rivas 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(7):1336-1354
Mineral exploration activities require robust predictive models that result in accurate mapping of the probability that mineral deposits can be found at a certain location. Random forest (RF) is a powerful machine data-driven predictive method that is unknown in mineral potential mapping. In this paper, performance of RF regression for the likelihood of gold deposits in the Rodalquilar mining district is explored. The RF model was developed using a comprehensive exploration GIS database composed of: gravimetric and magnetic survey, a lithogeochemical survey of 59 elements, lithology and fracture maps, a Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper image and gold occurrence locations. The results of this study indicate that the use of RF for the integration of large multisource data sets used in mineral exploration and for prediction of mineral deposit occurrences offers several advantages over existing methods. Key advantages of RF include: (1) the simplicity of parameter setting; (2) an internal unbiased estimate of the prediction error; (3) the ability to handle complex data of different statistical distributions, responding to nonlinear relationships between variables; (4) the capability to use categorical predictors; and (5) the capability to determine variable importance. Additionally, variables that RF identified as most important coincide with well-known geologic expectations. To validate and assess the effectiveness of the RF method, gold prospectivity maps are also prepared using the logistic regression (LR) method. Statistical measures of map quality indicate that the RF method performs better than LR, with mean square errors equal to 0.12 and 0.19, respectively. The efficiency of RF is also better, achieving an optimum success rate when half of the area predicted by LR is considered. 相似文献
18.
Objectives
We examined whether and to what extent the relationship between township disadvantages and obesity varied across geographical areas.Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample of Taiwanese adults (N = 25,985) from the 2005 Social Development Trend Survey on Health and Safety was performed. Multilevel models integrated with geographically weighted regressions were employed to analyze the spatially varying association between area disadvantages and obesity. The dependent variable was body mass index calculated from respondents’ self-reported weight and height. The key explanatory variable was a township disadvantage index made of poverty level, minority composition, and social disorder. Other individual socio-demographic characteristics were included to account for the compositional effect.Results
The association between township disadvantages and elevated obesity risk in Taiwan was found to be area-specific. In contrast to results from the commonly used global regression, geographically weighted regression model showed that township disadvantages elevated obesity level only in certain areas.Conclusions
We found heterogeneity of place-level determinants of obesity across geographical areas. Adoption of population approach to curb obesity would require area-specific strategies for most needed areas. 相似文献19.
基于信阳师范学院地理科学学院2001—2012级学生生源分布和就业数据统计,运用基尼系数和集中化指数识别分析了地理科学专业应届毕业生的生源地、就业地的时空格局。研究发现:研究对象的生源地和就业地呈"大分散、小集聚"且就业地分布较生源地分布分散的格局;来自不同地区的毕业生迁移距离具有标度分布的统计规律,可为高校的招生和就业工作提供指导和借鉴。 相似文献
20.
基于logistic回归模型的农牧交错区土地利用变化驱动力分析——以内蒙古翁牛特旗为例 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：28
本文以农牧交错带的典型区域——内蒙古翁牛特旗为例,考虑土地利用变化过程的空间变量,建立了不同土地利用变化过程的logistic回归模型。结果表明:模型中转为耕地的主要解释变量是到农村居民点的距离和农业气候区;转为草地的主要解释变量是到农村居民点的距离、土壤表层有机质含量和到乡镇中心的距离;转为林地的主要解释变量是到农村居民点的距离和海拔;空间异质性和土地利用变化过程的时间变量共同影响着使用logistic回归模型来解释土地利用变化驱动力的能力;通过对草地logistic回归模型的检验,得出空间统计模型能较好地揭示不同土地利用变化过程的主要驱动力及其作用机理。 相似文献