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1.
基于多主体模型的典型区域退耕还林工程实施空间模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土地利用变化是全球变化的重要驱动力,模拟是研究土地变化重要的方法。退耕还林是中国山区土地利用变化的重要原因。当前退耕还林模拟在综合社会与空间途径方面的不足限制了退耕还林模拟的空间精度及后续社会效益研究。结合社会和空间途径精确模拟退耕还林的空间过程可为该工程实施提供科学依据。本文以云南省东川区铜都镇为研究区,基于人口普查数据、地理环境数据、实地调研数据,综合考虑农民、农户和政府3类主体,基于多主体模型构建了退耕还林工程实施的空间模型,模拟了2010—2015年铜都镇具有空间特征的农户年收入、农户/政府退耕意愿和退耕还林工程空间实施过程。研究发现退耕还林工程实施主要与坡度、交通和农户收入有关,与土壤肥力相关性较小,坡度25°~30°的耕地占了81.47%,离道路0~2 km交通条件较好的地段占56.37%,农户年收入较低的区域退耕还林比例较高,且退耕还林工程的实施显著提高了铜都镇收入,2010—2015年户均收入提高了1475元。本文模拟结果空间精度为91.12%。本文构建的退耕还林工程实施空间模拟方法可为其它区域提供方法借鉴,以期为中国生态保护和精准扶贫等工程实施提供科学支撑。 相似文献
2.
This article develops an innovative and flexible Bayesian spatial multilevel model to examine the sociospatial variations in perceived neighborhood satisfaction, using a large-scale household satisfaction survey in Beijing. In particular, we investigate the impact of a variety of housing tenure types on neighborhood satisfaction, controlling for household and individual sociodemographic attributes and geographical contextual effects. The proposed methodology offers a flexible framework for modeling spatially clustered survey data widely used in social science research by explicitly accounting for spatial dependence and heterogeneity effects. The results show that neighborhood satisfaction is influenced by individual, locational, and contextual factors. Homeowners, except those of resettlement housing, tend to be more satisfied with their neighborhood environment than renters. Moreover, the impacts of housing tenure types on satisfaction vary significantly in different neighborhood contexts and spatial locations. 相似文献
3.
Jing Gao James E. Burt A-Xing Zhu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1959-1978
Raster-based slope estimation is routine in GIS. Like many other terrain attributes, the slope at a location is determined from elevations of surrounding cells. This spatial extent – ‘neighborhood size’ – is often treated as the ‘spatial scale’ of the calculation. In fact, neighborhood size and spatial scale are two connected yet different concepts, but few studies have investigated the relationship between them. The distinction is important because neighborhood size is under user control whereas spatial scale is merely implicit in the computational method. This article attempts to clarify and provide a more precise meaning of the two terms by considering slope operators from the standpoint of the frequency (or wavenumber) domain. This article derives analytical expressions for the amplitude response functions of four popular slope estimators. These are used to characterize the individual methods and also to show that the neighborhood size and spatial scale of a slope calculation are not numerically the same. In fact, because there is no single spatial scale that can be unambiguously associated with a given neighborhood size, neighborhood size cannot be an adequate indicator of spatial scale. Furthermore, this article shows that different indices of ‘scale’ yield different impressions about the action of a slope estimator and its response to changing neighborhood size. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the amplitude response function when investigating the spatial scale. The article also provides guidance for GIS practitioners when selecting a slope estimation method. 相似文献
4.
欧盟空间规划研究进展及启示 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
欧盟空间规划是世界上最早的跨国空间规划。其新的空间规划理念、跨国规划实践、新的规划方法与制度等,在世界空间规划领域产生了较大的影响。欧盟从上世纪80年代以来先后启动实施了欧洲标准区域划分(NUTS)、欧洲空间发展远景(ESDP)和欧洲空间规划研究计划(SPESP)等3个不同的空间规划研究项目,在空间规划理念、空间区域划分等方面取得了重要的研究成果。此外,欧洲区域发展基金、欧洲社会基金、结构基金以及监测评估网络的建立,是欧盟空间规划实施的重要政策保障体系。文章最后进一步探讨了欧盟空间规划实践对我国当前空间规划研究的若干启示。 相似文献
5.
Examining the sensitivity of spatial scale in cellular automata Markov chain simulation of land use change 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hao Wu Zhen Li Keith C. Clarke Wenzhong Shi Anqi Lin 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(5):1040-1061
Understanding the spatial scale sensitivity of cellular automata is crucial for improving the accuracy of land use change simulation. We propose a framework based on a response surface method to comprehensively explore spatial scale sensitivity of the cellular automata Markov chain (CA-Markov) model, and present a hybrid evaluation model for expressing simulation accuracy that merges the strengths of the Kappa coefficient and of Contagion index. Three Landsat-Thematic Mapper remote sensing images of Wuhan in 1987, 1996, and 2005 were used to extract land use information. The results demonstrate that the spatial scale sensitivity of the CA-Markov model resulting from individual components and their combinations are both worthy of attention. The utility of our proposed hybrid evaluation model and response surface method to investigate the sensitivity has proven to be more accurate than the single Kappa coefficient method and more efficient than traditional methods. The findings also show that the CA-Markov model is more sensitive to neighborhood size than to cell size or neighborhood type considering individual component effects. Particularly, the bilateral and trilateral interactions between neighborhood and cell size result in a more remarkable scale effect than that of a single cell size. 相似文献
6.
Diana Denham 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(9):1064-1079
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs have taken a variety of forms that depend on many mediating factors, such as national and local politics, land tenure, regional collective action, the capacity of intermediaries, and socio-ecological context. This diversity has produced unsurprisingly mixed experiences, with many falling short of achieving the twin goals of environmental and social benefits and some causing adverse consequences. This study examines one rare PES case that has contributed both to forest conservation and to community livelihoods. In this study, community forest owners from four indigenous communities in the Mexican cloud forest evaluate their participation in ten years of a public PES program to support watershed stewardship. We argue that attention to indigenous sovereignty and self-determination in program implementation contributed to widely appreciated socio-environmental benefits. Though many PES programs are implemented in indigenous communities, scholarly debates have rarely dealt directly with these issues. 相似文献
7.
Rapid urbanization leads to losses in arable land; quantitatively analyzing the impact of urbanization on arable land is significant for arable land management. However, changes in arable land due to urbanization with scale and neighborhood effects remains poorly understood at the town scale. In this study, high-resolution historical land use data, landscape metric analysis and spatial regression were integrated to quantify the impacts of urbanization on arable land use change (abandonment and conversion) at spatial scales of 300 m–3300 m using a block size increment of 200 m and at the catchment scale in the town of Jinjing in subtropical central China. Arable land abandonment was the predominant type of arable land change and presented strong spatial autocorrelations at each spatial scale. Arable land was converted to tea fields because agricultural structure transformations were occurring around the urban cores, and the amount of arable land converted to residential land accounted for only a small proportion of the total arable land loss and had no spatial autocorrelation. The significance and robustness of the arable land changes impacted by urbanization had obvious scale effects and strong neighborhood effects in nearby regions. Compared with block scales, the catchment scale is an optimal scale for assessing the influence of urbanization and applying planning policy. Our results highlight the significance of incorporating spatial interactions in urbanization research, which can generate less biased estimations and consequently lead to proper policy implication and recommendations. In addition, multi-scale comparisons are helpful for better understanding the relationships between arable land changes and urbanization and provide further insights into the harmonious development of rural settlements and urban cores to preserve arable land. 相似文献
8.
城市家庭居住地选址的空间异质性分析——以美国佛罗里达州橙县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
家庭选择居住地的行为天然具有空间性, 因而空间异质性效应是家庭居住地选址建模不可忽视的因素。传统的居住地选址模型基于空间一致性假设, 即假设影响因素对家庭的居住地选择行为的影响在空间上一致, 因而忽略了空间异质性效应。基于多项Logit 模型构建了居住地选址模型, 并在两个空间尺度和5 个子区域中分别应用该模型, 来反映影响因素的影响作用在空间上的变化。以美国佛罗里达州橙县家庭选址为例进行实证研究, 结果表明:家庭居住地选址行为的影响因素在不同的空间位置和空间尺度上具有不同的作用, 因而存在显著的空间异质性。尽管以美国地区为例, 但所得结论对国内案例区研究同样具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
9.
Extensive research has been conducted on the factors that cause foreclosure and the resulting neighborhood contagion effects. When residents see concentrated foreclosed homes in their neighborhood, their perceptions of their neighborhood are often negatively affected. Despite the potential psychological effects of foreclosures on residents, no research has looked at foreclosure intensity and impacts on other residents' satisfaction in the neighborhood.We used the 2004 Homeowner Satisfaction Survey and foreclosed property data from 2001 to 2004 in Franklin County, Ohio to explore the effect of foreclosure intensity on resident satisfaction. We used a structural equation model to capture the chain reaction of concentrated neighborhood disadvantage on foreclosure intensity and residents' neighborhood satisfaction. We found that the impacts of foreclosures are not limited to lenders and owners of mortgaged homes but extended to other residents living in the neighborhood. In this regard, we recommend housing recession recovery efforts must incorporate programs to alleviate neighbors' psychological distress. 相似文献
10.
基于邻域设施的中国大城市网络店铺的区位取向——以上海、深圳、天津、北京四城市为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用一套基于邻域设施的模糊区位取向方法和模糊多属性决策方法,针对中国北京、上海、深圳、天津4 城市淘宝网站6 大商品类别网络店铺的空间集聚情况,通过其所属的完全、重叠、过渡和不完全4 种区位类型,揭示区位取向的倾向性特征和信息时代区位影响因素的变化,并进一步探讨区位取向明显的数码类别商品的网络店铺的最优区位地选择。形成如下认识：①不同商品类别情况下区位取向有很大不同,分散与集聚共同存在。集聚只发生在贵重商品如数码类别商品的网络店铺上,其仍依赖于传统邻域设施;而绝大多数普通商品则相反,几乎不存在重叠区位的布局,已经表现出一种不再遵循传统区位地理论的新的区位取向规律。② 不同商业模式下区位取向不同,c2c 电子商务对其影响更趋向于不同于传统的区位选择,表明c2c 电子商务是网络店铺区位取向影响因素变化的基础。除了旧有的传输网络、货源供给、市场集聚因素外,技术劳动力因素、信任因素渐成主流。③ 利用三角模糊数能计算出基于邻域设施集聚的、区位取向明显的数码类别商品网络店铺的最优区位。选择最优区位是从重叠区位向完全区位过渡的。④ 在电子时代传统的区位理论将得到一定补充或纠正才能全面正确地解释电子服务网点的区位现象。 相似文献
11.
基于活动主体的城市系统微观模拟可能在未来城市研究中发挥重要作用,但其通常受到微观个体数据稀缺的限制。空间微观模拟方法（spatial microsimulation）主要基于家庭、个人等微观分析单元,通过整合不同层面的数据源,如宏观汇总层面的人口普查统计表以及微观层面的家庭活动日志调查等,合成大样本微观个体数据集,可以在精细化空间尺度上对微观个体行为进行模拟研究。该方法在城市系统微观模拟、空间分析以及政策评估等方面具有一定优势,在西方国家城市研究中的应用逐渐增多,但在国内较为缺乏。本文尝试对空间微观模拟方法的起源、三种核心算法,包括条件概率（conditional probability） 、确定性加权（deterministic reweighting）以及模拟退火（simulated annealing）进行介绍,并从国际层面综述该方法在城市研究,如收入与贫困、交通出行、健康等领域中的应用,为我国相关研究的开展提供借鉴。 相似文献
12.
John F. Jakubs 《The Professional geographer》1982,34(2):156-166
Subsidized housing developed outside poverty areas often has promoted opposition. This study constructed nine scenarios by varying three geographic aspects of such housing: size, or number of units built, location, and density. Anticipated changes in eleven community characteristics were identified for a midwestern suburb. The relationships between these changes and the geographic aspects were explored. Size, but not density or location, was an important determinant of expected change. Designing housing programs to reduce anticipated impacts appears to be difficult, however. Substantial decreases in a variety of neighborhood qualities can be expected, even for small housing programs. 相似文献
13.
Max Nielsen-Pincus Patricia Sussman Drew E. Bennett Hannah Gosnell Robert Parker 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(12):1423-1441
Sense of place, including an individual’s attitudes toward specific geographic settings, is generally predicted to influence willingness to engage in place-protective behaviors. Relatively little research, however, has empirically examined the influence of people’s attitudes toward a place on their willingness to pay for environmental protection. Using the example of a payment for ecosystem services (PES) initiative in the McKenzie River watershed, Oregon, USA, we found that place attitudes were a significant predictor of respondents’ willingness to pay for a program designed to benefit drinking water quality. These results suggest that connecting conservation actions to landscapes that are meaningful to people may increase their financial support for PES and other conservation programs. While program managers have little or no influence over stakeholders’ political ideology, gender, or income, managers may be able to influence prospective PES buyers’ awareness and attitudes through targeted communications, thereby potentially increasing support for place-based conservation efforts. 相似文献
14.
广州市家庭收入与住房特征对应关系的区位差异性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以广州市中心区(天河区)和郊区(南沙区)为研究案例,依托2010年中国(广东)家庭动态跟踪调查数据,基于家庭户住房的邻里特征、建筑特征、区位特征、家庭收入等13个指标构建路径分析模型,研究广州市居民家庭收入与住房特征的映射关系和影响方向。在此基础上,采用多群组路径分析方法研究区位因素对“收入→住房特征”的影响程度及其差异性。最后利用方差方程和均值方程,分析不同区位条件下(中心区和郊区)的住房特征差异。结果表明：① 家庭收入更显著地决定住房特征,对邻里特征的影响并不显著;② 区位对“收入→住房邻里特征”的关系具有显著调节作用,而对“收入→住房建筑特征”的调节作用较弱;③ 在中心城区和郊区的内部,家庭收入更显著地影响住房建筑特征,而对邻里特征基本无显著影响;④ 郊区家庭收入对公共交通时间便利性、住房面积、厕所设施水平、拥有住房数量、住房综合条件等几个主要住房特征指标的影响程度大于中心城区;⑤ 中心城区住房的邻里特征明显优于郊区,但建筑特征明显差于郊区。显示出广州市住房邻里特征与建筑特征在不同区位条件下的“互换特征”。 相似文献
15.
Ryan J. Bunting Oliver Yang Chang Christopher Cowen Richard Hankins Staci Langston Alexander Warner 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(1):34-46
The combination of crime mapping and geospatial analysis methods has enabled law enforcement agencies to develop more proactive methods of targeting crime-prone neighborhoods based on spatial patterns, such as hot spots and spatial proximity to specific points of interest. In this article, we investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the neighborhood crimes of aggravated assault and larceny in 297 census tracts in Miami–Dade County from 2007 to 2015. We use emerging hot spot analysis (EHSA) to identify the spatial patterns of emerging, persistent, continuous, and sporadic hot spots. In addition, we use geographically weighted regression to analyze the spatial clustering effects of sociodemographic variables, poverty rate, median age, and ethnic diversity. The hot spots for larceny are much more diffused than those for aggravated assaults, which exhibit clustering in the north over Liberty City and Miami Gardens and in the south near Homestead, and the ethnic heterogeneity index has a moderate and positive effect on the incidence of both larceny and aggravated assaults. The findings suggest that law enforcement can better target prevention programs for violent versus property crime using geospatial analyses. Additionally, the ethnic concentration of neighborhoods influences crime differently in neighborhoods of different socioeconomic status, and future studies should account for spatial patterns when estimating conventional regression models. 相似文献
16.
城市土地利用变化模拟是优化土地资源配置的科学依据,提高其精细化程度和可靠性有助于准确把握城市用地发展趋势,对城市土地资源精准调控具有重要意义。基于宏观遥感分类的土地利用变化模拟,难以在街区尺度上揭示城市用地社会功能变化及精细化模拟中空间尺度效应来源和作用机理。本文联合遥感影像和POI数据识别出城市土地利用精细化特征,运用响应面法率定土地利用精细化模拟的最优空间尺度组合,在此基础上,利用CA-Markov模型开展了未来土地利用变化的精细化模拟。以武汉市中心城区为应用案例,研究结果表明：基于POI 的城市土地利用精细化识别方法,可以深度解析城市建设用地的社会功能,极大改善了传统基于遥感的土地覆被宏观解译效果;研究区土地利用变化元胞自动机精细化模拟的最优空间尺度组合是30 m元胞、7×7邻域以及冯诺依曼邻域类型,采用最优空间尺度组合能够提高土地利用变化精细化模拟的可靠性。响应面试验设计结果可有效识别精细化模拟过程中空间尺度效应的主要来源,并区分其对模拟精度的影响程度与正负效应;预计到2025年,研究区建设用地范围将继续向周边扩张,各类型用地之间互为交织,土地利用空间格局将呈更加破碎化趋势。 相似文献
17.
基于HLM和GWR的汪清县农村贫困成因探究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
明确贫困成因是提高精准扶贫效率和稳定脱贫成效的基本前提。对偏远少数民族聚居区——吉林省汪清县农村贫困成因进行解析,采用多层线性模型(HLM)同时分析了家庭层次和环境层次因素对农村贫困家庭年纯收入的影响,并利用地理加权回归方法(GWR)探索了环境层次变量影响的空间异质性。研究结果显示： ① 汪清县贫困农户家庭层次因素对家庭年纯收入的影响强于环境层次因素,但环境层次因素的影响作用亦不可忽视; ② 剔除环境层次因素的影响后,绝大多数家庭层次因素对贫困家庭年纯收入存在显著影响; ③ 环境层次因素能够在不同程度上解释家庭层次因素影响效应的差异性; ④ 环境层次因素的影响在不同区域的作用方向和强度上存在显著差异。最后从村域发展环境、医疗就业、区域内部贫困差异方面提出改善建议。 相似文献
18.
基于空间聚类分析的福建省各县市经济发展水平研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将空间坐标和属性特征有机地结合起来,给出空间距离的定义,提出位置与属性一体化的空间聚类方法——基于空间距离的K-均值聚类法,利用M atlab编写其算法程序。同时以福建省各县市经济发展水平的类型划分作为研究实例,首先选取反映社会经济发展水平的8项指标,并利用G IS技术提取各县市的重心位置坐标,再利用该空间聚类算法将福建省各县市的经济发展水平聚类为5类,结果表明此算法能够综合考虑空间位置邻近性和属性特征相似性的聚类要求,对福建区域可持续发展有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
19.
乌鲁木齐市职住空间组织特征及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文借助职住分离指数分析法从宏观层面分析了乌鲁木齐市辖区的职住空间匹配状况,利用问卷调查数据,从微观角度分析了不同类型居住区居民的通勤距离和通勤时间。研究发现：职住空间分离是乌鲁木齐城市空间结构的突出特征;全市职住空间不匹配程度较大,居住主导区的街道有35个,占街道总数的44.3%;就业主导区的街道有25个,占街道总数的31.65%;基本匹配区的街道仅有7个。居住区类型、居民受教育程度、职业类型、收入水平、住房形式等社会经济属性对其职住分离程度均有一定程度的影响;采用GWR模型定量分析了职住空间关系的影响因素,认为学历构成、住房产权性质、职业类型、流动人口以及住房面积是影响乌鲁木齐市职住空间关系的主要因素。 相似文献
20.
In this paper, we investigate new ways of governing migrant populations in Germany brought forth by social policies on the local level of inner-city neighborhoods. In recent years, numerous initiatives on the local level have constituted the ‘migrant neighborhood’ as a site of governmental attention. One initiative that policymakers consider particularly innovative is the neighborhood mothers program in Berlin, a program that instructs migrant women as agents of neighborhood improvement and encourages them to establish peer-to-peer relations to other migrant women in order to pass on social norms. In the paper, we combine governmentality and intersectionality theory to critically examine the modes of behavior change promoted by the neighborhood mothers program and the political rationalities that are used to justify the governing of (and through) migrant women. We draw particular attention to the spatial dimensions of the neighborhood mothers program, to the ways in which it targets domestic and intimate spaces as sites of inspection and intervention and appoints migrant women as ‘door openers’ for entry of the state into the regulation of families and communities. 相似文献