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1.
沈步明  周德进 《岩石学报》1996,12(1):99-114
本文提出了稀土配分分形结构因子概念和计算方法。利用这个新方法,计算了中国东部新生代玄武岩中稀土配分的分形结构因子。研究了这些因子与玄武岩主元素、稀土元素、分散元素和同位素之间的关系,并求出了其相关性参数。利用这些参数,求出了两个端元玄武岩的主元素和稀土元素含量;提出了五大莲池地区玄武岩可能与富钾交代地幔部分熔融作用有关,其它玄武岩的形成与软流圈地幔或岩石圈地幔部分熔融有关;玄武岩同位素的比值不仅受玄武岩浆地幔源区本身的特征制约,还可能受地幔岩部分熔融程度的制约。  相似文献   

2.
峨眉山玄武岩地幔源成分及其变化的微量元素标志   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
根据峨眉山玄武岩系岩石的稀土元素、不相容元素特征,估计了产生其母岩浆的地幔源成分。讨论了地幔平衡部分熔融和岩浆分离结晶过程中强不相容元素与一般不相容元素的比值变化后,提出用双对数图解来判别地幔成分、元素总分配系数及母岩浆形成时地幔熔融度的原理。根据La,Ce和Sc,Yb在地幔-岩浆过程中地球化学特征,运用上述原理,讨论了峨眉山玄武岩系母岩浆的地幔成分及其变化,计算了地幔矿物相组成和部分熔融度。  相似文献   

3.
选择四川攀枝花含矿辉长岩和不含矿玄武岩进行岩石学和岩石地球化学对比研究。结果表明,含矿辉长岩属于过铝质钙碱性岩,富Ti;玄武岩属于偏铝质钙碱性岩,高Mg、低Ti。微量、稀土元素差别明显,含矿辉长岩稀土总量低,表现为Eu正异常、轻重稀土分馏一般;不含矿玄武岩稀土总量高,表现为Eu元素轻微的正异常、轻重稀土分馏明显。与原始地幔相比,玄武岩不相容微量元素含量较高,特别是Rb、Ba、Th、Nb、La、Ce、Sr等强不相容元素富集多达50~100倍。结合前人研究成果,查明攀枝花含矿辉长岩与二滩玄武岩可能源于富集地幔不同程度的部分熔融,且在后期演化过程中不同程度地混染了壳源物质。笔者认为,岩浆的结晶分异作用、壳源物质的混染和挥发性组分的保留,可能是侵入体能够形成钒钛磁铁矿床的主要控制因素。  相似文献   

4.
山东蓬莱、临朐新生代碱性玄武岩的痕量元素和岩石成因   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
支霞臣 《地质论评》1990,36(5):385-393
本文报导了鲁东蓬莱地区五里桥—赤山剖面和鲁西临朐地区鹁鸽山—角页山—尧山剖面新生代大陆碱性玄武岩主要元素和稀土等25种痕量元素的含量。与海洋玄武岩化学体系对照,讨论了鲁东和鲁西玄武岩的成因及其地幔源区的特征。石榴石橄榄岩型地幔的部分熔融和镁铁矿物的结晶分异在两地玄武岩形成中有重要作用。鲁西玄武岩的地幔源区较鲁东的相对富Mg而贫Fe、Na、K和P,富相容元素Ni、Cr、V和Sc,贫不相容元素LREE、Sr、Zr和Nb。鲁东玄武岩的地幔源区曾在近期内发生过交代作用。  相似文献   

5.
山东蓬莱、临朐新生代碱性玄武岩的痕量元素和岩石成因   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
支霞臣 《地质论评》1990,36(5):385-393
本文报导了鲁东蓬莱地区五里桥—赤山剖面和鲁西临朐地区鹁鸽山—角页山—尧山剖面新生代大陆碱性玄武岩主要元素和稀土等25种痕量元素的含量。与海洋玄武岩化学体系对照,讨论了鲁东和鲁西玄武岩的成因及其地幔源区的特征。石榴石橄榄岩型地幔的部分熔融和镁铁矿物的结晶分异在两地玄武岩形成中有重要作用。鲁西玄武岩的地幔源区较鲁东的相对富Mg而贫Fe、Na、K和P,富相容元素Ni、Cr、V和Sc,贫不相容元素LREE、Sr、Zr和Nb。鲁东玄武岩的地幔源区曾在近期内发生过交代作用。  相似文献   

6.
江苏盘石山幔源橄榄岩包体成因的地球化学   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8  
根据主要元素、微量元素,若干矿物相主要元素和单斜辉石微量元素测定认为:盘石山幔源橄榄岩包体是由接近原始地幔源区的地幔经不同比例部分熔融后的残余二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩组成,基本未受其它过程干扰。由主要元素和MgO相关性的回归方程,根据二元混合规律估算了原始熔体的组成范围。计算了包体的平衡温度,认为较亏损的方辉橄榄岩可能位于弱亏损的二辉橄榄岩之上,全岩和单斜辉石中不相容元素含量有可能作为地幔部分熔融和  相似文献   

7.
托云玄武岩主要分布于托云盆地东侧,按形成时代可分为白垩纪玄武岩和早第三纪玄武岩。白垩纪玄武岩包括早白垩世玄武岩和晚白垩世玄武岩,以碱玄岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩为主,碱性程度高;早第三纪玄武岩包括早第三纪玄武岩及脉岩,以碱性橄榄玄武岩、碱性橄榄辉绿岩为主,碱性程度低。所有岩石稀土元素(REE)、微量元素分布模式相似,REE均为向右陡倾型,富集不相容元素。白垩纪玄武岩的∑REE、Rb、Ba、Th、K、Sr、Nb和Ta等元素富集程度均高于早第三纪玄武岩,相容元素富集程度大体较低。微量元素和同位素特征显示,玄武岩起源于与洋岛玄武岩源区相似的富集地幔源。玄武岩中赋存有交代地幔捕虏体,这表明玄武岩浆可能是交代地幔经不同程度部分熔融的产物。微量元素的特征同时显示,早白垩世玄武岩部分熔融程度较低,早第三纪玄武岩部分熔融程度较高,且在不断的部分熔融过程中,形成的岩浆又有结晶分异作用发生。托云玄武岩形成于大陆板内拉伸环境,在形成过程中经历了较弱的壳幔相互作用。  相似文献   

8.
内蒙古天和永新生代玄武岩成因及其地质意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
天和永玄武岩为碧玄岩,至少可以划分出3种矿物共生组合类型。天和永玄武岩总体具有贫硅(w(SiO2)=43.97%~45.68%)、富碱(w(K2O+Na2O)=5.91%~7.65%)、富钾(w(K2O)=2.04%~2.89%)、高钛(w(TiO2)=2.18%~2.37%)、高Mg值(Mg#=68~76)的特征;稀土元素含量高(∑REE=(246.62~329.82)×10-6),稀土配分曲线呈右倾平滑直线,强烈富集轻稀土,轻重稀土强烈分馏((La/Yb)N>30),无明显的Eu(δEu=0.90~1.02)和Ce异常(δCe=0.96~1.00);强烈富集不相容元素,其中高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta和Th出现峰值,具有近似OIB配分型式的特征;玄武岩富含相容元素Co((39.1~48.9)×10-6)、Ni((130~257)×10-6)、Cr((138~320)×10-6)。上述所有特征以及岩石结晶程度低、富含橄榄岩包体和少量捕虏晶、元素变异关系等均表明,天和永玄武岩是原生玄武岩质岩浆固结的产物。微量元素比值Ba/Rb(12~35)和碱金属的变化暗示源区可能遭受过流体的交代作用,源岩可能是富集的二辉橄榄岩。岩石成因模拟表明,形成天和永玄武岩的原生岩浆是在变压、部分熔融的条件下富集地幔源区岩石非实比熔融的产物,变压熔融柱穿切了Sp/Gt二辉橄榄岩相边界。岩浆形成于源区岩石的低度(约<5%)部分熔融,其中石榴石二辉橄榄岩部分熔融约为1%,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩部分熔融2%~5%。综合分析显示,源区部分熔融的触发机制是边际驱动的地幔对流,因而其形成深度大于东部的集宁玄武岩和汉诺坝玄武岩。  相似文献   

9.
海南岛石炭纪双峰式火山岩及其板块构造背景   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
海南岛西部的石炭纪火山岩为一套大洋拉斑玄武岩-流纹斑岩的双峰式火山岩。玄武岩中的不相容元素和稀土元素的丰度和比值,以及稀土分配模式与大陆裂谷的拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征一致,说明海南岛晚古生代裂谷作用的存在。玄武质岩浆来源于地幔深部,演化程度较低,受下地壳物质混染。流纹质岩浆不是玄武岩浆结晶分异产物,而是受裂谷区高热流影响,由陆壳部分熔融形成。  相似文献   

10.
云南金宝山岩体岩浆起源的微量元素模式分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
金宝山镁铁-超镁铁岩体是峨眉山大火成岩省一个典型的岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE成矿岩体。在根据成岩机制概算原始岩浆微量元素含量的基础上,通过模式计算,表明原始岩浆强不相容元素相对富集型式不可能由现有原始地幔或亏损地幔模型的单一源区熔融或融体混合作用形成,原始岩浆起源于类似OIB源的地幔柱高程度熔融,熔融程度在20%左右。  相似文献   

11.
Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in southeastern China was related to the lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling at the eastern Eurasian continental margin. The cenozoic basaltic rocks from this region can be grouped into three different series: tholeiitic basalts, alkali basalts, and picritic-nephelinitic basalts. Each basalt series has distinctive geochemical features and is not derived from a common source rock by different degrees of partial melting or from a common parental magma by fractional crystallization. The mineralogy, petrography, and major and trace-element geochemistry of the tholeiites are similar to oceanic island basalts, implying that the mantle source for these Chinese continental tholeiites was similar to that of the oceanic island basalts—an asthenospheric mantle. The alkali basalts and picritic-nephelinitic basalts are enriched in incompatible trace elements, and their geochemical features can be interpreted as a result of partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle, or the mixing products of an asthenospheric magma with a component derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle through thermal erosion at the base of the lithosphere. But the lack of a transitional rock type and continuous variational trends among these basalts suggests that the mixing between asthenospheric magmas and lithospheric magmas probably was not significant in the petrogenesis of the basalts from SE China. Low-degree partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle alone can account for the observed geochemical data from these basalts.  相似文献   

12.
Pleistocene to historic basalts in the northern part of theeastern volcanic zone in Iceland may have formed by partialmelting over an extended depth range in the centre of the assumedIcelandic mantle plume. Practically all basalt types found on the ocean ridges are representedin this volcanic rift zone. Volume relations are, however, infavour of low degree partial melting products. The basalts differ from ocean ridge basalts in being undepletedin large trace ions, indicating a primary mantle source. The prevalence of low degree partial melting products in Icelandmay explain the depleted nature of the astenosphere flowingaway from the plume and along the northern part of the Mid-AtlanticRidge. Volumes of lavas are found to correlate with degree of partialmelting. Exceptions from this correlation are found locallyand may be explained on the basis of volcano-tectonic implications. A simple model of thermal structure in the mantle plume-oceanridge system is suggested which may explain some aspects ofthe compositional variations in basalts within the system.  相似文献   

13.
南秦岭元古宙板内火山作用特征及构造意义   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18  
南秦岭元古宙火山岩主要由两大类岩石构成,一类为SiO245%-57%的基性火山岩系,另一类为SiO267%-78%的酸性火山岩系,主要岩石类型为细碧岩、玄武岩和石英角班岩、流纹岩。基性火山岩整体上属拉斑玄武岩系列,酸性火山岩属钙碱系列。火山岩强烈富集稀土元素,尤其是轻稀土元素,酸性火山岩和基性火山岩有相似的稀土元素特征,显示了源区特征的不同。基性火山岩富集强不相容元素,相对亏损Nb和Ti, 成于大陆裂谷环境,具有大陆拉斑玄武岩的特征。同位素特征表明基性火山作用与地幔柱活动密切相关。南秦岭的中、晚元古代大陆拉张及由古地幔柱活动所引发的陆裂火山岩浆活动是古秦岭洋打开的先兆。  相似文献   

14.
Based on the temporal-spatial distribution and geochemical characteristics, the Emeishan basalts can be divided into two types: high-P2O-TiO2 basalt (HPT) and low-P2O5-TiO2 basalt (LPT), which differ distinctly in geochemistry: the LPTs are characterized by relatively high abundances of MgO, total FeO and P2O5 and compatible elements (Cr, Ni, Sc), and relatively low contents of moderately compatible elements (V, Y, Yb, Co), LREE and other incompatible elements compared with the HPT. On the diagrams of trace element ratios, they are plotted on an approximately linear mixing line between depleted and enriched mantle sources, suggesting that these two types of basalts resulted from interactions of varying degrees between mantle plume and lithospheric mantle containing such volatile-rich minerals as amphibole and apatite. The source region of the LPT involves a smaller proportion of lithospheric components, while that of the HTP has a larger proportion of lithospheric components. Trachyte is generated by pa  相似文献   

15.
北祁连山元古宙末-寒武纪主动大陆裂谷火山作用   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13  
北祁连山元古宙末-寒武纪大陆裂谷火山岩系为双峰式火山岩套,主要由基性与酸性火山岩组成。基性火山岩有磁性玄武岩与拉斑玄武岩两个岩浆系列,且富集LREE与LIL,其岩浆源区为与洋岛玄武岩源相似的富集地幔柱源。软流圈地幔柱上涌导致岩石圈地慢部分熔融,其熔体与地幔柱衍生熔浆混合,形成本区具有中等钕,锶同位素比值特点的基性岩浆。基性岩浆上侵至陆壳,引起下部陆壳深熔,产生长英质岩浆。地幔柱上隆促使大陆扩张,及至形成北祁连山元古宙末-寒武纪大陆裂谷。  相似文献   

16.
We present new data on mineralogical, major and trace element compositions of lavas from the northernmost segment of the Kolbeinsey Ridge (North Kolbeinsey Ridge, NKR). The incompatible element enriched North Kolbeinsey basalts lie on a crystal fractionation trend which differs from that of the other Kolbeinsey segments, most likely due to higher water contents (~0.2%) in the NKR basalts. The most evolved NKR magmas erupt close to the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone, implying increased cooling and fractionation of the ascending magmas. Mainly incompatible element-enriched basalts, as well as some slightly depleted lavas, erupt on the NKR. They show evidence for mixing between different mantle sources and magma mixing. North Kolbeinsey Ridge magmas probably formed by similar degrees of melting to other Kolbeinsey basalts, implying that no lateral variation in mantle potential temperature occurs on the spreading axis north of the Iceland plume and that the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone does not have a cooling effect on the mantle. Residual garnet from deep melting in garnet peridotite or from enriched garnet pyroxenite veins does not play a role. The incompatible element-enriched source has high Ba/La and Nb/Zr, but must be depleted in iron. The iron-depleted mantle is less dense than surrounding mantle and leads to the formation of the North Kolbeinsey segment and its shallow bathymetry. The enriched NKR source formed from a relatively refractory mantle, enriched by a small degree melt rather than by recycling of enriched basaltic crust. The depleted mantle source resembles the mantle of the Middle Kolbeinsey segment with a depletion in incompatible elements, but a fertile major element composition.  相似文献   

17.
通常认为,大陆溢流玄武岩(CFB)、裂谷玄武岩(CRB)、板内玄武岩(WPB)均产于板内构造环境,其地球化学特征与OIB类似,源于富集的下地幔,与地幔柱的活动有关。本文利用GEOROC数据库对全球CFB、CRB和WPB数据进行挖掘,发现上述三类玄武岩判别图投图几乎落入了全部的构造环境域,有些甚至主要落入MORB和IAB区,而不是落入WPB区。结果表明原先的玄武岩判别图的判别功能值得商榷,尤其对大陆玄武岩来说,许多判别图都存在问题。全体CFB、CRB和WPB的地球化学成分变化巨大,暗示其源区具有强烈的不均一性:部分CFB、CRB和WPB来自富集的地幔柱,仍然具有经典的OIB的特征;部分来自MORB的源区,与MORB的再循环作用有关;部分来自岛弧岩石圈之下的亏损地幔源区,以强烈亏损Nb-Ta为特征,类似岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征。许多地区的大陆玄武岩可分为低钛和高钛两类,低钛玄武岩大多是亏损或强烈亏损的,而高钛玄武岩通常是富集型的。本文的研究表明,富集型大陆玄武岩可能来自富集的下地幔,而亏损的和强烈亏损的玄武岩可能来自具有MORB或岛弧特征的软流圈地幔。进一步指出,源区性质可能是大陆玄武岩多样性的主控因素,其次为部分熔融程度、熔融深度、结晶分离、陆壳混染以及AFC过程。  相似文献   

18.
Summary The Karakoram micro-plate is the southern most sector of the Central Asian micro-plate mosaic which was separated by a narrow rift basin. A major rifting phase started during Permian time, which lead to drift of not only Karakoram but of the entire Eurasian (Asian) Plate from Gondwana land. This was at a time when a prominent sequence of black argillites occupied most part of the Karakoram Tethys basin. The geodynamic setting for this sequence may be interpreted as the evolution of a passive margin affected by extensional tectonics. The extensional activity is evident from the extrusion of basalts and komatiitic rocks in the region. In this paper the geochemical relations between komatiites and basalts of the Chhongtash, southeast Karakoram are investigated. The basaltic and komatiitic (ultrabasic) flows are petrologically and geochemically distinct, yet they display a close spatial and temporal association, and they are related to each other through olivine and clinopyroxene fractionation. The chemical characteristics of the ultrabasic to basic magmatism in the region is consistent with formation above a mantle plume that impinged on the continental lithosphere. Hence, a model of partial melting in a mantle plume and fractional crystallization in a deep-seated magma chamber is envisaged to explain the evolution of these volcanic rocks. The komatiite melts are interpreted to have been derived by high degree partial melting of mantle plumes in the tail region, while the basalts were interpreted to be the result of interaction of source plume with cool mantle through which the plume head passed. This study is the first of its kind, to suggest a rift related nature in the Chhongtash, southeast Karakoram, that represent the initial stage of Mesozoic rifting along the southern margin of Eurasia when Gondwana started to drift away from Eurasia.  相似文献   

19.
海南岛陆缘扩张带蓬莱地区新生代玄武岩中捕获大量尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩幔源包体。激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析结果表明,蓬莱地幔橄榄岩含有三种不同地球化学特征的单斜辉石(Cpx):(1)a类单斜辉石Mg~#=92.3~93.4,来自富集Cpx的二辉橄榄岩,具有极低的LREE和不相容元素含量,HREE平坦,Th、U、La、Sr正异常,经历了7%~10%的尖晶石相部分熔融,仅受到极低程度强不相容元素(Th、U、La、Sr)初期富集交代作用;(2)b类单斜辉石Mg~#=89.9~90.3,来自较富集Cpx的二辉橄榄岩,具有中等的LREE和LILE含量,HREE平坦,微量元素蛛网图上显示Th、U正异常,Rb、Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti负异常,经历4%~5%的尖晶石相部分熔融,可能受到了含LREE和Th、U等不相容元素的硅酸盐熔体交代;(3)c类单斜辉石Mg~#=91.4~92.8,来自贫Cpx的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩,具有富集的LREE和LILE含量,HREE弱分异,微量元素蛛网图上显示Th、U正异常及强烈的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,经历了8%~20%的尖晶石相部分熔融,其交代熔体可能是来自源区有石榴子石残留的碳酸盐熔体。全岩主、微量元素及模拟计算结果表明,这些幔源包体的主量元素主要受部分熔融程度影响,并且方辉橄榄岩经历的部分熔融程度大于二辉橄榄岩。地幔橄榄岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成表明该区具有MORB-OIB型亏损地幔特征。此外,蓬莱部分地幔橄榄岩包体显示正斜率的HREE分异特征((Gd/Yb)_N=0.4~0.7),暗示该区地幔经历了源自石榴子石稳定区的变压熔融,总体熔融程度为18%以上,指示了较高的地幔潜能温度。综合前人对海南岛新生代玄武岩最新研究成果,我们认为海南地幔柱可能为该区软流圈地幔置换古老岩石圈地幔提供了热源,导致了区域岩石圈地幔的破坏,从而引起包括地幔柱本身、软流圈和富集岩石圈的熔融。岩石圈地幔性质的改变和不均一性可能是海南岛陆缘扩张带新生代岩石圈减薄的主要动力学机制。  相似文献   

20.
Continental intraplate basalts (15.42–0.16 Ma) from Abaga–Dalinuoer volcanic field (ADVF) in central Inner Mongolia of eastern China, as a part of Cenozoic volcanic province along eastern margin of the Eurasian continent, provide a good opportunity to explore potential links between deep subduction of the Pacific slab and continental intraplate volcanism. In this study, we report an integrated dataset of whole-rock K–Ar ages, major and trace elements and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes, and olivine major and minor elements for the Abaga–Dalinuoer basalts (ADBs), and propose that mantle source lithology of the ADB magmas may consist of both pyroxenite and peridotite. The ADBs display low SiO2 (42.3–50.2 wt.%), high MgO (7.3–11.4 wt.%) and moderate K2O + Na2O (3.8–6.4 wt.%), and can be subdivided into basanites, alkali basalts and tholeiitic basalts that are all characterized by ocean island basalt (OIB)-like rare earth elements (REE) and enrichment in both large ion lithosphile elements (LILE) and high field strength elements (HFSE). Olivine phenocrysts have higher Ni and Fe/Mn and lower Mn, Ca and Ca/Fe relative to those from peridotite melts, but exhibit clearly lower Ni contents (< 2500 ppm) compared with expected Ni range (> 3000 ppm) for olivines crystallized from olivine-free pyroxenite melts. Estimated compositions of the ADB primary magmas, together with olivine compositions, suggest an iron-rich mantle source related with silica-deficient pyroxenite that is most likely derived from deeply subducted Pacific oceanic crust. Additionally, peridotite and recent subducted sediments are also required to account for high Ni and MgO in primary magmas together with their trace elements and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope systematics. We suggest that a mixed pyroxenite–peridotite source lithology can better match observed whole-rock and olivine signatures in the ADB, compared with either peridotite only or olivine-free pyroxenite only source lithology. In our model, pyroxenite melts would either react with or mechanically mix with peridotite, and the proportion of pyroxenite melts may range from 30% to 45% for mechanical mixing scenario. A continuous spectrum from tholeiitic to alkali melts revealed by melt-peridotite reaction experiment can explain formation of primary magmas of basanites, alkali basalts and tholeiitic basalts by increasing melting degree of a similar mantle source. Relatively higher 206Pb/204Pb of the ADB may suggest more significant role of recent (< 0.5 Ga) subducted Pacific oceanic materials, in contrast to other Cenozoic basalts in eastern China (e.g., Changbai basalts) that exhibit varying contributions from ancient (> 1.5 Ga) subducted continental sediments. We emphasize that coupled geochemical and geodynamic links (i.e., subduction polarity) between deeply subducted Pacific slab and continental intraplate volcanism in eastern China may exist, which directly support the involvement of deeply subducted Pacific materials in petrogenesis of the ADB. From the perspective of plate motion kinetics, decompression partial melting of upwelling fragmented Pacific slab (silica-deficient pyroxenite + recent subducted sediments) may be triggered by rollback of deeply subducted Pacific slab during Late Cenozoic times. Continental intraplate volcanism in the ADVF generally started with termination of opening of the Japan Sea, suggesting that deep subduction of the Pacific slab may have been an important geodynamic mechanism responsible for tectono-magmatic evolution of northeastern Asia. We suggest that the ADBs have the potential to shed light on genetic links between continental intraplate volcanism and deep subduction of the Pacific slab in geochemical and geodynamic processes.  相似文献   

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