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用置换矢量概念解释了115个天然 Fe-Li 云母化学成分的变化。Fe-Li 云母是三八面体 Li-Fe-Al 云母,其基本置换是四锂云母置换。由于 Al-Li 白云母置换和白云母置换的影响,其化学组成变化的基本趋势呈明显的非线性,因而 Fe-Li 云母不是真正的二元系。作为 Fe-Li 云母,富铁黑云母和铁叶云母都是最富铁的成员,因而建议称 Fe-Li 云母为黑云母-锂云母系列。根据化学成分,晶胞参数和折光率的异常变化还提出了该系列自然分类的方案。 相似文献
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华南两个不同成因系列花岗岩的云母标型特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
研究表明,云母特征可作为两个不同成因系列花岗岩的判别标志和成岩成矿演化的示踪。系列Ⅰ中特征矿物组合为铁质黑云母+白云母+钛铁矿+富铝硅酸盐;系列Ⅱ为镁质黑云母+角闪石+磁铁矿+贫铝硅酸盐。M(M=Mg/Mg+Fe~(2+)+Mn)是一个可靠的判据。系列Ⅰ:M<0.45,系列Ⅱ:M>0.45。两个系列云母的化学组成的明显差别主要受控于物源成分的差异。两个系列云母的差热曲线和红外光谱特征也明显不同。用Li-Mg-Fe~(2+)+Mn三角图可以反映成岩成矿演化趋势。 相似文献
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山东西部莱芜－淄博地区的中生代雪野碳酸岩中发育有大量罕见的反环带云母，云母的电子探针分析表明，云母斑晶的核心为黑云母，过渡带和边缘是金云母，基质中云母为金云母，核心黑云母与过渡带的金云母界限清晰，成分突变以及核心黑云母的溶蚀结构表明，核心黑云母和过渡带与边缘带金云母不是同一岩浆体系结晶的产物，核心黑云母可能是碳酸岩岩浆捕获的外来黑云母，过渡带与边缘带金云母同基质中金云母具有相似的化学成分，从过渡带到边缘带，金云母的Mg(Mg Fe)逐渐降低，反映了碳酸岩岩浆的不断结晶演化过程，TiO2的不断降低，一方面是由于岩浆的分异结晶，另一方面则是岩浆上升期间去气作用导致岩浆内CO2／H2O值降低所致。云母斑晶从过渡带向边缘带Al2O3含量逐渐减少，表明碳酸岩浆自过渡带云母结晶后没有富Al的圈岩物质加入。 相似文献
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玄武岩中云母为金云母,其余皆为金云母到镁黑云母之间的一种特别富Mg的黑云母。在这些黑云母中MgO、TiO_2、Fe_2O_3含量明显偏高,而Al_2O_3和FeO较低。穆斯堡尔谱研究说明这些黑云母的Fe~(2+)四极分裂值比一般黑云母的小(Fe~(2+)Mz为2.35)。黑云母结晶时氧逸度较高,并保存了母岩浆SiO_2高和Al_2O_3低的特点,喷出时受到高温氧化作用的影响。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2013,(4)
新矿物栾锂云母[KLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH,F)2]发现于豫西卢氏县官坡镇稀有金属花岗伟晶岩密集区309号脉。其主要共/伴生矿物有石英、"栾锂云母的富氟类似物"、羟磷锂铝石、铯沸石、钽铋矿及贫Na、Ca但富Li、OH或F电气石等。其次有钽铁矿、钽锰矿、三锂云母、多硅锂云母(?)、细晶石族矿物、钠长石(An≤4)和锂辉石、氧钠细晶石及氟钙细晶石等细晶石族矿物;偶尔与白云母等共生。根据产出特征,借鉴相关成岩-成矿实验和流体包裹体研究成果,推测栾锂云母主要从一类低熔的富挥发份和活性组份,以及富亲石性成矿元素的岩浆-热液过渡流体中直接结晶所成。栾锂云母多呈鳞片状集合体产于309伟晶岩脉边缘带或/和其内的单矿物细脉中。其单个片径大都小于1 mm。矿物具玻璃光泽,解理面显珍珠光泽;沿(001)面的解理极完全;显微硬度平均为102 kg/mm2,约相当于摩氏硬度3;实测密度为2.851 g/cm3,计算密度值2.868 g/cm3。正延性,二轴晶,负光性,2V=36°40°;折光率:Np=1.5474,Nm=1.5700,Ng=1.5729。光性定位:Np=X=c,Nm=Y=b,Ng=Z=a。矿物大都发育波状消光。化学成分(wB/%)SiO251.65,TiO20.01,Al2O323.50,FeO 0.72,CaO 0.02,MnO 0.22,MgO 0.04,Na2O 0.15,K2O 11.62,Li2O 3.80,Rb2O0.78,Cs2O 0.53,F 3.85,H2O+2.82,F≡O-1.62,合计98.09.%。根据O+OH+F=12 apfu,计算的经验化学式为(K1.01Rb0.03Cs0.02Na0.02)Σ1.08(Li1.04Al1.39Fe0.04Mn0.01)Σ2.48(Si3.51Al0.49)Σ4.00(O9.89OH0.11)Σ10.00(OH1.17F0.83)Σ2.00。简化式:KLiAl1..5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH,F)2,理想化学式为KLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2。与沃洛欣云母RbLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)4O10F2比较,新成员是沃洛欣云母间阳离子的钾类似物,以及附加阴离子的羟占优的类似物。栾锂云母晶体结构的精测显示,矿物属单斜晶系,空间群C2/c。晶胞参数:a=0.51861(7)nm,b=0.89857(13)nm,c=1.9970(3)nm,V=0.9265(2)nm3;β=95.420(3)°,Z=4。栾锂云母为2M1多型。其晶体结构精测的R因子(R1=0.098)欠佳,是由于矿物生成后,受到构造干扰所致。栾锂云母(Luanshiweiite)的命名旨在纪念我国知名的伟晶岩石学家栾世伟教授(192840°;折光率:Np=1.5474,Nm=1.5700,Ng=1.5729。光性定位:Np=X=c,Nm=Y=b,Ng=Z=a。矿物大都发育波状消光。化学成分(wB/%)SiO251.65,TiO20.01,Al2O323.50,FeO 0.72,CaO 0.02,MnO 0.22,MgO 0.04,Na2O 0.15,K2O 11.62,Li2O 3.80,Rb2O0.78,Cs2O 0.53,F 3.85,H2O+2.82,F≡O-1.62,合计98.09.%。根据O+OH+F=12 apfu,计算的经验化学式为(K1.01Rb0.03Cs0.02Na0.02)Σ1.08(Li1.04Al1.39Fe0.04Mn0.01)Σ2.48(Si3.51Al0.49)Σ4.00(O9.89OH0.11)Σ10.00(OH1.17F0.83)Σ2.00。简化式:KLiAl1..5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH,F)2,理想化学式为KLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2。与沃洛欣云母RbLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)4O10F2比较,新成员是沃洛欣云母间阳离子的钾类似物,以及附加阴离子的羟占优的类似物。栾锂云母晶体结构的精测显示,矿物属单斜晶系,空间群C2/c。晶胞参数:a=0.51861(7)nm,b=0.89857(13)nm,c=1.9970(3)nm,V=0.9265(2)nm3;β=95.420(3)°,Z=4。栾锂云母为2M1多型。其晶体结构精测的R因子(R1=0.098)欠佳,是由于矿物生成后,受到构造干扰所致。栾锂云母(Luanshiweiite)的命名旨在纪念我国知名的伟晶岩石学家栾世伟教授(19282012)。新矿物及其命名,业已得到IMA CNMNC批准(批准文号IMA2011-102)。栾锂云母的原型标本典藏在北京中国地质博物馆内(注册号:M11797)。 相似文献
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本文借助主成分分析证明了花岗岩类中黑云母的Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)和(OH+F)主要的数量关系不表现为氧羟铁云母置换,还讨论了水不足和水过剩对云母分子式计算结果的影响,进而提出了当处理一批未受明显脱羟基氧化的云母,尤其是当其中包括明显水过剩云母时,宜优先采用O=22计算分子式方案等建议。 相似文献
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本区的Mg－Fe云母是富镁黑云母及金云母，MF＞1．35，［Mg／（Mg＋Fe3+＋Fe2+＋Mn）］＞0.65，［（Fe3+＋Fe2+）／（Fe3+＋Fe2+＋Mg）］＜0．4，属于富镁、富碱、高硅、贫铁类型云母。根据Mg－Fe云母的成分及形成的物化条件，表明其寄生岩石属于富碱，浅成一超浅成的幔源岩石。 相似文献
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J. Rimsaite 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1971,33(4):259-272
Ultrabasic rocks with Niggli values for si between 26 and 100, and k between 0.6 and 1 have been chosen for the study of the distribution of 23 major and minor constituents between phlogopite and the host rock. The rocks include kimberlites, carbonatites and lamprophyres which contain abundant zoned micas and a few zoned spinels. Chemical variations in zoned mica and spinel were determined by electron probe microanalysis, and distribution coefficients for Al, Ti, Fe, Cr, Mg, Mn, and Ni were calculated between mica and spinel for the average composition of the mica and spinel, and for chemically-related and adjacent zones. The spinel changes from chromite in the centre to chromian ulvöspinel in the rim, and the mica from chromian phlogopite, through titaniferous biotite to chromium-poor phlogopite. Distribution coefficients for Cr and Fe between adjacent zones in spinel (0.8 and 0.02 for Cr; 1.1 and 3.1 for Fe) and in mica (0.4 and 0.1 for Cr; 2 and 0.3 for Fe) show more variation than the distribution coefficients between the cogenetic phlogopite and chromite (0.04 for Cr, 0.2 for Fe), and biotite and ulvöspinel (0.08 for Cr; 0.2 for Fe). It is concluded that distribution coefficients for major and minor constituents between related zones are more meaningful than those calculated from the average chemical composition of zoned minerals.The results indicate that phlogopite is the principal carrier of potassium, rubidium, aluminium, fluorine and primary water in kimberlite and carbonatite. Minor elements, such as chlorine, lithium, barium, nickel, chromium, titanium and zinc are present mainly in the mica, whereas sodium, strontium, calcium, carbon and manganese are more abundant in other minerals. 相似文献
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In low- and middle-grade pelitic metamorphic rocks, the extentsof Tschermak substitution in muscovite, chlorite and biotitechange regularly with bulk-rock composition and external conditions.This paper gives a theoretical analysis of the changes. From equipotential lines for Al2O3 plotted on AFM diagrams,we have derived a series of Thompson-type muscovite compositiondiagrams, which show how the celadonite content of muscovitevaries with the associated ferromagnesian minerals or with thebulk-rock composition under constant external conditions. Thedistribution coefficient of the exchange reaction for Tschermaksubstitution between muscovite and chlorite varies greatly notonly with temperature but also with the extent of this substitutionin the two minerals because of their strong deviation from ideality.Muscovites with a high celadonite content (phengites) occurin low-temperature rocks in any of the high-, medium- and low-pressuretypes of metamorphism, probably because the exchange equilibriumfor Tschermak substitution between muscovite and chlorite isnot sensitive to pressure. When both Mg-Fe and Tschermak substitutionoccur in muscovite and some other silicates, a metapelite containingthree AFM phases together with muscovite and quartz has at leasttwo independent net-transfer reactions that take place sideby side with changing external conditions. The mass balancerequirement in the rock is imposed on a linear combination ofthe two reaction equations, leading to a constraint on the stoichiometricequations among phase components and the progressive compositionalchanges of muscovite, chlorite and biotite. From such a viewpoint,we examine reactions and progressive mineralogical changes inmetapelites, beginning with K-feldspar-bearing low-grade metapeliticrocks, in which biotite appears by reaction of K-feldspar withchlorite at a temperature lower than that of the biotite isograddefined for K-feldspar-free pelitic rocks. When both Mg-Fe and Tschermak substitution occur in muscoviteand some other silicates, a metapelite containing three AFMphases together with muscovite and quartz has at least two independentnet-transfer reactions that take place side by side with changingexternal conditions. The mass balance requirement in the rockis imposed on a linear combination of the two reaction equations,leading to a constraint on the stoichiometric equations amongphase components and the progressive compositional changes ofmuscovite, chlorite and biotite. From such a viewpoint, we examinereactions and progressive mineralogical changes in metapelites,beginning with K-feldspar-bearing low-grade metapelitic rocks,in which biotite appears by reaction of K-feldspar with chloriteat a temperature lower than that of the biotite isoerad definedfor K-feldsoar-free oelitic rocks. The equations for the reactions that produce biotite or biotite? garnet in K-feldspar-free metapelites have been derived. Combinedwith the composition relations of coexisting muscovite, chlorite,biotite and garnet, they lead to the inference that progressof these reactions with rising temperature causes a decreaseof the celadonite content of muscovite, the antigorite contentof chlorite and the phlogopite content of biotite in the metapelitesof the chlorite, biotite and lower garnet zones, and that thistrend may not continue into the staurolite zone. This inferencehas been verified by examination of the analytical data of mineralsin four progressive metamorphic terranes covering the high-,medium- and low-pressure types. The composition of chlorite is buffered by the garnet-producingreaction so that chlorites in garnet-bearing metamorphic rocksdevelop (Mg ? Fe)/Al2 ratios close to that of almandine at elevatedtemperatures. The maximum possible celadonite content in muscoviteunder given external conditions is realized in K-feldspar-bearingrocks, and decreases with rising temperature. 相似文献
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S. Schulien 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1980,74(1):85-93
An experimental study of the partitioning of Mg and Fe between synthetic biotite and an aqueous chloride solution in the supercritical region as a function of temperature, pressure and concentration of Mg and Fe is reported. In the temperature range 500°–700° C and the pressure range 25–200 MPa, the Mg-Fe distribution between biotite and the chloride solution can be described by distribution curves based on the ideal solution model within a data scattering of 8%. Mg is preferentially partitioned into biotite, and Fe prefers the solution. This tendency is enhanced with increasing temperature. The distribution constants for the Mg-Fe exchange reactions in the system K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2-(Mg,Fe)Cl2-KCl-H2O have been determined. The present data favor a model in which the activity of Fe and Mg in biotite is close to the mole fraction at temperatures above 500° C. Comparison of the Mg-Fe partitioning between biotite-chloride solution and olivine-chloride solution reveals a slight enrichment of Fe in olivine relative to biotite. 相似文献
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Structural formulae of oxidized and hydroxyl-deficient micas and decomposition of the hydroxyl group
J. Rimsaite 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1970,25(3):225-240
Studies of the structural formulae of Canadian micas indicate that the anionic framework of most natural micas differs from that of ideal mica in the quantity and/or charge of the anions per unit cell. Seven chemically analysed micas having variable chemical properties were chosen for heating experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. Ferric and ferrous iron, water and fluorine were determined after heating. The structural formulae of the oxidized and altered micas were calculated on the basis of 44+z valiencies whre z is a charge difference between the original and altered mica, and depends mainly on the degree of oxidation of iron.By comparing the structural formulae and anionic compositions of dehydrated and altered micas with those of ideal mica, it is possible to study the process of decomposition of the hydroxyl group during oxidation and dehydration. The decomposition of the hydroxyl group takes place either as a result of the oxidation of iron or by loss of water (and/or fluorine). The process of decomposition thus depends on the quantity of ferrous iron in the mica, on the composition of the hydroxyl group, and on the available atmospheric oxygen, or environmental conditions. The iron-poor micas, phlogopite, muscovite and lepidolite, lose hydroxyl mainly as water, without changing the charge of the layers, whereas biotite may also oxidize, resulting in a change of charge balance. Where the hydroxyl group is composed predominantly of fluorine the biotite either remains in a semi-oxidized state, or oxidizes at the expense of atmospheric oxygen or water. Micas containing partly-defincient anionic frameworks are susceptile to adsorption of water and argon from the atmosphere. The stability of mica during physical-chemical changes of the environmental conditions depends not only on its cationic content but also on the composition of its anionic network and layer charges. 相似文献
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Mixing properties for muscovite–celadonite–ferroceladonite solid solutions are derived from combining available experimental phase equilibrium data with tabulated thermodynamic data for mineral end‐members. When a partially ordered solution model is assumed, the enthalpy of mixing among the end‐members muscovite–celadonite–ferroceladonite is nearly ideal, although the Gibbs energies of muscovite–celadonite and muscovite–ferroceladonite solutions are asymmetric due to an asymmetry in the entropy of mixing. Thermodynamic consistency is achieved for data on phengite compositions inassemblages with (a) pyrope+kyanite+quartz/coesite (b) almandine+kyanite+quartz/coesite (c)talc+kyanite+quartz/coesite and (d) garnet–phengite pairs equilibrated both experimentally at high temperatures and natural pairs from low‐grade schists. The muscovite–paragonite solvus has been reanalysed using the asymmetric van Laar model, and the effects of the phengite substitution into muscovite have been quantitatively addressed in order to complete the simple thermodynamic mixing model for the solid solution among the mica end‐members. Results are applied to a natural pyrope–coesite–phengite–talc rock from the Western Alps, and to investigate the conditions under which biotite‐bearing mica schists transform to whiteschist‐like biotite‐absent assemblages for average pelite bulk compositions. 相似文献
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Jadvyga Rimšaite 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1964,10(2):152-183
Micas from magmatic and metamorphic rocks differ from one another in chemical composition and in trace element content. The
chemical composition of micas is discussed in relation to their occurrence, paragenesis and sequence of crystallization. On
the basis of previous studies of the relationship between the physical properties and the chemical composition of 34 chemically
analysed micas, reliable physical methods have been established which permit identification of different mica varieties in
the same rock. Structural formulae and trace element content of micas from basic and granitic rocks, as well as from skarns,
schists, ortho- and paragneisses are discussed. The relationship between the components of the tetrahedral and octahedral
layers and of the interlayer are illustrated as ratios.
Poorly differentiated, hybrid and metasomatic rocks often contain more than one variety of mica. Some prophyritic basalts
and lamprophyres contain an early phlogopite which is paragenetically related to pyroxene phenocrysts and late biotite which
occurs in the groundmass and in the fractures as a result of the crystallization of residual magma. The biotitemuscovite assemblage
was observed in granodiorites, quartz-monzonites, schists and gneisses. In the albite-K-feldspar granites, muscovite predominates
and the biotite is usually altered.
The chemical composition of micas from metamorphic rocks depends on the grade of metamorphism and on the nature of associated
minerals. The biotite from paragneisses contains considerable quantities of octahedral alumina. Pre-metamorphic micas show
variable deficiencies of the (OH, F) group. The micas are useful minerals in determining the degree of differentiation and
subsequent alteration of igneous rocks.
The present study was carried out on the basis of 34 recent complete chemical analyses andca 100 X-ray fluorescence analyses.
Dedicated to Professor Dr.Carl W. Correns on the occasion of his 70th birthday. 相似文献