共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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对遇险目标搜索救援的支持是GALILEO全球卫星导航系统的一项重要民用服务.文章介绍了GALILEO搜索救援子系统(SAR)定位的基本原理.在GALILEO SAR中测量量为时间信号与频率信号,文章详细地给出了两种测量信号的定位方法.基于多传感器信息融合技术,对搜索救援系统中不同测量信号进行综合状态估计.在仿真计算中,采用带噪声的模拟测量数据进行定位,数值计算的结果显示基于多传感器数据融合方法的综合状态估计是可靠的. 相似文献
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《天文学进展》2003,(4)
天文学、天文学史中国早期日食记录研究进展..................................................……刘次玩(1,l)仪器与技术VLBI技术新进展..................................................……项英当代光学天文望远镜控制系统新技术近代天文圆顶发展概况.....……徐欣析徐灵哲姚正秋光干涉与综合孔径技术发展LAMOST控制系统实时分布式数据库徐灵哲张秀忠(3,185)罗秋凤(3,195)周放(3,206)郭红锋(3,219)徐欣折(3,275)方位天文、天体力学InSAR技术现状与应用............................……乔书波李金岭孙付平边少锋(1,11)国际地… 相似文献
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合成孔经雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)是当今微波遥感领域的研究热点,其全天候、全天时、高分辨率以及穿透地表等特点使其具备其他传感器不可比拟的优势,因此得到了极其广泛的应用。成像处理是SAR技术的核心部分。分析了星载SAR点目标回波信号模型和几种常用的星载SAR数字成像处理算法。以距离-多普勒算法为例,阐述了距离压缩和方位压缩的实质,详细讨论了多普勒参数估计、距离徙动校正和斑点噪声的去除等几个关键的问题。采用ERS-1卫星数据做了成像实验,并对SAR成像技术加以总结。 相似文献
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高精度时间间隔测量技术与方法 总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31
时间间隔测量技术,尤其是高精度的时间间隔测量技术意义重大。不论是电信通讯、芯片设计等工程实践,还是原子物理、天文观测实验等理论研究,以及激光测距、卫星定位等航天军事技术,都离不开高精度的时间间隔测量技术。经过几十年的研究,目前已经有多种测量方法。在阐明插值原理之后,依次介绍了直接计数法、扩展法、时间幅度转换法、游标法、抽头延迟线法和差分延迟线法等主要方法。然后对影响测量的几个因素,包括非线性和不定态作了讨论。针对这些不良影响,还探讨了一些提高精度和稳定度的方法,比如非线性校正、PLL(Phase Lock Loop)和DLL (Delay Lock Loop)技术。最后,对时间间隔测量技术的前景作了展望。 相似文献
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将相互逼近(Mutual Approximation)技术从天然卫星的天体位置测量拓展到小行星和邻近盖亚(Gaia)星表参考星的相对位置测量,希望获得更高的小行星位置测量精度.使用中国科学院云南天文台1 m光学望远镜在2020年11月11～12日对小行星702(Alauda)进行了观测试验.在观测资料中,目标小行星共有... 相似文献
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合成孔径雷达干涉技术及其在地表形变监测中的应用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
合成孔径雷达干涉是一项较新的空间测量技术。它使用卫星或飞机搭载的合成孔径雷达系统获取高分辨率地面反射复数影像,每一分辩元的影像信息中不仅含有灰度信息,而且还包含干涉所需的相位信号。干涉技术主要是从覆盖同一地区的多幅合成孔径雷达图像提取干涉相位图,通过影像处理、一些特殊的数据处理方法（如相位解缠等）和几何转化来获取数字高程模型或探测地表形变等。尤其重要的是,用此技术监测地表形变最高可达毫米级精度。近 相似文献
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简介了国际上脉冲星计时研究的成果。主要评述中国在脉冲星计时研究方面的进展和观点：某些ms脉冲星可以用作天然的高精度的频率标准源。ms脉冲星时(PTens)的长期稳定度随观测时间的加长而提高，同时，它具有寿命长，稳定、可靠、不需要维修等优点。尽早适时地建立专门用于测量ms脉冲星时(PFens)的脉冲星钟系统网络是有益的。我国正在建设用于脉冲星脉冲到达时间(TOA)测量的50m射电望远镜，和正在研究(FAST)500m射电望远镜。论述了脉冲星时间尺度的建立是可行的，脉冲星时和原子时可以“交叉比对，相互检验，并肩发展”。研究表明综合脉冲星时的长期稳定度明显优于原子时。阐述了把小波分析方法应用于时间尺度，研究结果比较传统方法有明显的优势。对国际间的合作提出建议。并展望了中国的脉冲星计时规划。 相似文献
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F. Paganelli M.A. Janssen E. Stofan R.D. Lorenz R.L. Kirk C. Elachi The Cassini Radar Team 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(1):100-108
We present initial results on the calibration and interpretation of the high-resolution radiometry data acquired during the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode (SAR-radiometry) of the Cassini Radar Mapper during its first five flybys of Saturn's moon Titan.We construct maps of the brightness temperature at the 2-cm wavelength coincident with SAR swath imaging. A preliminary radiometry calibration shows that brightness temperature in these maps varies from 64 to 89 K. Surface features and physical properties derived from the SAR-radiometry maps and SAR imaging are strongly correlated; in general, we find that surface features with high radar reflectivity are associated with radiometrically cold regions, while surface features with low radar reflectivity correlate with radiometrically warm regions. We examined scatterplots of the normalized radar cross-section σ0 versus brightness temperature, outlining signatures that characterize various terrains and surface features. The results indicate that volume scattering is important in many areas of Titan's surface, particularly Xanadu, while other areas exhibit complex brightness temperature variations consistent with variable slopes or surface material and compositional properties. 相似文献
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R.M.C. Lopes K.L. Mitchell J.I. Lunine R. Lorenz R.L. Kirk S.D. Wall A.D. Fortes J. Radebaugh S.J. Ostro M.D. Allison R. Boehmer P. Callahan E. Flamini Y. Gim S. Hensley W.T.K. Johnson D.O. Muhleman R. Orosei F. Posa R. Seu L.A. Soderblom S. Vetrella L. Wye 《Icarus》2007,186(2):395-412
The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper obtained Synthetic Aperture Radar images of Titan's surface during four fly-bys during the mission's first year. These images show that Titan's surface is very complex geologically, showing evidence of major planetary geologic processes, including cryovolcanism. This paper discusses the variety of cryovolcanic features identified from SAR images, their possible origin, and their geologic context. The features which we identify as cryovolcanic in origin include a large (180 km diameter) volcanic construct (dome or shield), several extensive flows, and three calderas which appear to be the source of flows. The composition of the cryomagma on Titan is still unknown, but constraints on rheological properties can be estimated using flow thickness. Rheological properties of one flow were estimated and appear inconsistent with ammonia-water slurries, and possibly more consistent with ammonia-water-methanol slurries. The extent of cryovolcanism on Titan is still not known, as only a small fraction of the surface has been imaged at sufficient resolution. Energetic considerations suggest that cryovolcanism may have been a dominant process in the resurfacing of Titan. 相似文献
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R.M.C. Lopes E.R. Stofan J. Radebaugh G. Mitri R.L. Kirk J.I. Lunine R. Lorenz L. Wye R.J. Ollerenshaw A. LeGall R. West P. Callahan P. Valora the Cassini RADAR Team 《Icarus》2010,205(2):540-558
The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper is providing an unprecedented view of Titan’s surface geology. Here we use Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image swaths (Ta-T30) obtained from October 2004 to December 2007 to infer the geologic processes that have shaped Titan’s surface. These SAR swaths cover about 20% of the surface, at a spatial resolution ranging from ∼350 m to ∼2 km. The SAR data are distributed over a wide latitudinal and longitudinal range, enabling some conclusions to be drawn about the global distribution of processes. They reveal a geologically complex surface that has been modified by all the major geologic processes seen on Earth - volcanism, tectonism, impact cratering, and erosion and deposition by fluvial and aeolian activity. In this paper, we map geomorphological units from SAR data and analyze their areal distribution and relative ages of modification in order to infer the geologic evolution of Titan’s surface. We find that dunes and hummocky and mountainous terrains are more widespread than lakes, putative cryovolcanic features, mottled plains, and craters and crateriform structures that may be due to impact. Undifferentiated plains are the largest areal unit; their origin is uncertain. In terms of latitudinal distribution, dunes and hummocky and mountainous terrains are located mostly at low latitudes (less than 30°), with no dunes being present above 60°. Channels formed by fluvial activity are present at all latitudes, but lakes are at high latitudes only. Crateriform structures that may have been formed by impact appear to be uniformly distributed with latitude, but the well-preserved impact craters are all located at low latitudes, possibly indicating that more resurfacing has occurred at higher latitudes. Cryovolcanic features are not ubiquitous, and are mostly located between 30° and 60° north. We examine temporal relationships between units wherever possible, and conclude that aeolian and fluvial/pluvial/lacustrine processes are the most recent, while tectonic processes that led to the formation of mountains and Xanadu are likely the most ancient. 相似文献
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Bryan W. Stiles Scott Hensley David M. Bates Alex Hayes Ralph D. Lorenz Philip S. Callahan William T.K. Johnson Jonathan I. Lunine Michael Janssen Richard D. West the Cassini RADAR Team 《Icarus》2009,202(2):584-598
A technique, referred to as SARTopo, has been developed for obtaining surface height estimates with 10 km horizontal resolution and 75 m vertical resolution of the surface of Titan along each Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) swath. We describe the technique and present maps of the co-located data sets. A global map and regional maps of Xanadu and the northern hemisphere hydrocarbon lakes district are included in the results. A strength of the technique is that it provides topographic information co-located with SAR imagery. Having a topographic context vastly improves the interpretability of the SAR imagery and is essential for understanding Titan.SARTopo is capable of estimating surface heights for most of the SAR-imaged surface of Titan. Currently nearly 30% of the surface is within 100 km of a SARTopo height profile. Other competing techniques provide orders of magnitude less coverage.We validate the SARTopo technique through comparison with known geomorphological features such as mountain ranges and craters, and by comparison with co-located nadir altimetry, including a 3000 km strip that had been observed by SAR a month earlier. In this area, the SARTopo and nadir altimetry data sets are co-located tightly (within 5-10 km for one 500 km section), have similar resolution, and as expected agree closely in surface height. Furthermore the region contains prominent high spatial resolution topography, so it provides an excellent test of the resolution and precision of both techniques. 相似文献
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L. Le Corre S. Le Mouélic J.-P. Combe J.W. Barnes B.J. Buratti J. Soderblom R. Clark P.D. Nicholson 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(7):870-879
This paper reports on the analysis of the highest spatial resolution hyperspectral images acquired by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft during its prime mission. A bright area matches a flow-like feature coming out of a caldera-like feature observed in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data recorded by the Cassini radar experiment [Lopes et al., 2007. Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper. Icarus 186, 395-412, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.006]. In this SAR image, the flow extends about 160 km east of the caldera. The contrast in brightness between the flow and the surroundings progressively vanishes, suggesting alteration or evolution of the composition of the cryolava during the lifetime of the eruptions. Dunes seem to cover part of this flow on its eastern end. We analyze the different terrains using the Spectral Mixing Analysis (SMA) approach of the Multiple-Endmember Linear Unmixing Model (MELSUM, Combe et al., 2008). The study area can be fully modeled by using only two types of terrains. Then, the VIMS spectra are compared with laboratory spectra of known materials in the relevant atmospheric windows (from 1 to 2.78 μm). We considered simple molecules that could be produced during cryovolcanic events, including H2O, CO2 (using two different grain sizes), CH4 and NH3. We find that the mean spectrum of the cryoflow-like feature is not consistent with pure water ice. It can be best fitted by linear combinations of spectra of the candidate materials, showing that its composition is compatible with a mixture of H2O, CH4 and CO2. 相似文献
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M.G. Spagnuolo F. Grings P. Perna M. Franco H. Karszenbaum V.A. Ramos 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(11-12):1222-1230
SHARAD (SHAllow RADar) is a nadir-looking Synthetic Aperture Ground Penetrating Radar on board NASA's 2005 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. There are three main characteristics that define the performance of this instrument: ground penetration (due to the operational frequency, the observed echoes can be related to reflections from surface or subsurface), spaceborne operation (the first reflection does not necessarily correspond to the nadir reflection), and nadir looking SAR (there will always be left/right ambiguities). All this implies that there will be surface/subsurface range ambiguity and the geological interpretation of the radargrams cannot be straightforward. In order to avoid data misinterpretation, a simulator of SHARAD’s expected response for a given observation geometry and topography is needed. Simulations can take into account all surface/subsurface reflections in order to identify common families of ambiguities and facilitate the interpretation. In this work we present SHARSIM (SHARAD Radargram SIMulator), a software tool designed to simulate SHARAD radargrams taking as inputs Mars surface information and hypothetical subsurface structure. Its performance is analyzed by investigating typical artifacts and by a direct comparison with real radargrams. We show that SHARSIM simulations can help to discern between artifacts and real subsurface features in order to make accurate geological interpretations. 相似文献
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Roberto Furfaro Jeffrey S. Kargel Wolfgang Fink Michael P. Bishop 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(5):761-779
Future planetary exploration of Titan will require higher degrees of on-board automation, including autonomous determination of sites where the probability of significant scientific findings is the highest. In this paper, a novel Artificial Intelligence (AI) method for the identification and interpretation of sites that yield the highest potential of cryovolcanic activity is presented. We introduce the theory of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) as a tool for the analysis of remotely collected data in planetary exploration. A cognitive model embedded in a fuzzy logic framework is constructed via the synergistic interaction of planetary scientists and AI experts. As an application example, we show how FCM can be employed to solve the challenging problem of recognizing cryovolcanism from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Cassini data. The fuzzy cognitive map is constructed using what is currently known about cryovolcanism on Titan and relies on geological mapping performed by planetary scientists to interpret different locales as cryovolcanic in nature. The system is not conceived to replace the human scientific interpretation, but to enhance the scientists’ ability to deal with large amounts of data, and it is a first step in designing AI systems that will be able, in the future, to autonomously make decisions in situations where human analysis and interpretation is not readily available or could not be sufficiently timely. The proposed FCM is tested on Cassini radar data to show the effectiveness of the system in reaching conclusions put forward by human experts and published in the literature. Four tests are performed using the Ta SAR image (October 2004 fly-by). Two regions (i.e. Ganesa Macula and the lobate high backscattering region East of Ganesa) are interpreted by the designed FCM as exhibiting cryovolcanism in agreement with the initial interpretation of the regions by Stofan et al. (2006). Importantly, the proposed FCM is shown to be flexible and adaptive as new data and knowledge are acquired during the course of exploration. Subsequently, the FCM has been modified to include topographic information derived from SAR stereo data. With this additional information, the map concludes that Ganesa Macula is not a cryovolcanic region. In conclusion, the FCM methodology is shown to be a critical and powerful component of future autonomous robotic spacecraft (e.g., orbiter(s), balloon(s), surface/lake lander(s), rover(s)) that will be deployed for the exploration of Titan. 相似文献
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F. Paganelli M.A. Janssen R. West J.I. Lunine S.D. Wall R.M. Lopes R.L. Kirk L. Roth the Radar Team 《Icarus》2007,191(1):211-222
The first five Titan flybys with Cassini's Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) and radiometer are examined with emphasis on the calibration and interpretation of the high-resolution radiometry data acquired during the SAR mode (SAR-radiometry). Maps of the 2-cm wavelength brightness temperature are obtained coincident with the SAR swath imaging, with spatial resolution approaching 6 km. A preliminary calibration shows that brightness temperature in these maps varies from 64 to 89 K. Surface features and physical properties derived from the SAR-radiometry maps and SAR imaging are strongly correlated; in general, we find that surface features with high radar reflectivity are associated with radiometrically cold regions, while surface features with low radar reflectivity correlate with radiometrically warm regions. We examined scatterplots of the normalized radar cross-section σ0 versus brightness temperature, finding differing signatures that characterize various terrains and surface features. Implications for the physical and compositional properties of these features are discussed. The results indicate that volume scattering is important in many areas of Titan's surface, particularly Xanadu, while other areas exhibit complex brightness temperature variations consistent with variable slopes or surface material and compositional properties. 相似文献