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通过最近完成的格尔木—额济纳旗地学断面的研究,揭示了青藏高原北部(柴达木—祁连山)至中蒙边境北山地区的地壳结构构造、物质组成及其构造演化,提供了大量有关该地区深部构造的信息。确定了在断面内莫霍界面最深处位于南祁连哈拉湖以南的居洪吐地带,深度值为74km,并与祁连山主峰不相对应。柴达木盆地地壳厚度平均55km,盆地中央莫霍界面略有隆起。北山地区莫霍界面较为平缓,平均地壳厚度为45 km。深地震测深资料发现,沿整个断面地壳内20km深度附近存在着一个连续的低速层,厚度一般为5～10km,速度值在5.80～6.05 km/s间变化,一般与上覆层位有0.3～0.5kn/的速度差。大地电磁测深发现的壳内高导层沿断面全线展布,但埋深及厚度均变化较大。壳内高导层的电阻率明显降低,约5～10Ω·m。从横向上来看,不同地体的地壳结构具有明显的不同。 通过对断面走廊域地质构造及发展历史的研究,划分出6个不同的构造-地层地体、由北而南分别为:北山北部地体,北山南部地体,北祁连地体,中—南祁连地体,柴达木—北昆仑地体和南昆仑地体,并提出了它们在古生代及其以前时期,分属哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔、塔里木、华北—柴达木和华南 -扬子等不同板块。到早二叠世末,随着古亚洲洋和阿尔金洋盆的闭 相似文献
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对亚东—格尔木和格尔木—额济纳旗地学大断面的研究揭示出青藏高原岩石圈的基本结构、组成、演化和地球动力学过程,发现了印度板块在南缘向喜马拉雅山下俯冲、阿拉善地块在北缘向高原下楔入的证据,它们构成了使高原隆升的主要驱动力。多学科研究表明,青藏高原是一个由8个地体拼合的大陆。高原内部地壳20～30km深度附近普遍发育低速高导层,它是构造应力去偶层,其上地壳脆性变形,逆冲叠覆,缩短增厚;其下地壳结构横向变化大,韧性变形。藏南下地壳(50～70 km)速度发生逆转;而藏北下地壳速度增高并呈梯度变化,具有双莫霍面特征。高原莫霍面起伏变化大,南北边缘 相似文献
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1987年在青海格尔木—西藏亚东地区开展了1:50万重力路线扑点工作。在总长度1620km内,布设201个测站。利用上述资料计算了研究区的莫霍面深度及均衡异常(普拉特模式),分析了地壳与上地幔内的均衡信息。利用布格异常形态与测点高程的相关统计,在工区内划分了9个地体及13条较大的断裂。 相似文献
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康定—渡口南北向构造带爆破地震测深的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过对康定-渡口地区的爆破地震测深资料的分析,将该区地壳结构划分为上地壳和下地壳,它们在横向上被若干断裂所切割,而呈断块结构。地壳厚度由北向南减薄,在康定为56km,西昌54km,渡口52km。莫氏面由北向南也逐渐抬升。地壳平均速度为6.2—6.25km/s,Pn速度为7.5—7.6km/s。上地幔顶部出现速度异常。西昌地区壳下存在一厚度为22—28km,层速度为7.5—7.6km/s的壳幔过渡带。区内某些地段近地表处存在有速度为6.1—6.3km/s的高速体。地壳中部9—14km处,存在5.7—5.8km/s的低速层。 相似文献
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青藏高原亚东—格尔木地学断面重磁异常的对应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对应分析方法是一种重磁异常的定量化联合解释方法。从泊松定理出发,计算重磁异常的相关性,并根据相关性的分布特征来分离和鉴别不同类型的异常区,为划分地质构造单元及认识地壳结构的其它特征提供信息。在对青藏高原亚东—格尔木地学断面的综合研究中,本文用对应分析方法联合解释重磁异常,对该区地壳结构提出了一些认识。 相似文献
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四川阿坝——秀山地学断面 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
四川省阿坝—秀山地学断面长约1000km,横跨上扬子地台和松潘-甘孜地槽褶皱系。在综合研究现有地质、地球物理资料的基础上,对断面及邻区划分出不同性质的三大岩石圈块体;结合表壳变形特征又区分出以四川地块为中心的东、西对冲构造体系;并进一步划分出8个次级构造带(块)。在垂向上划分出地壳、岩石圈厚度及形态,讨论了地壳次级分层及壳、幔低速层、低阻层和高阻层异常的特征,提出了初步解释。指出龙门山断裂带西部地壳缩短、增厚的主要因素。概述了地壳演化。 相似文献
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青藏高原岩石圈演化与地球动力学过程——亚东—格尔木—额济纳旗地学断面的启示 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
笔者等完成的亚东—格尔木和格尔木—额济纳旗地学大断面揭示出青藏高原岩石圈的基本结构、组成、演化和地球动力学过程,发现了印度板块在南缘向喜马拉雅山下俯冲、阿拉善地块在北缘向高原下楔入的证据,它们构成了使高原隆升的主要驱动力。多学科研究表明,青藏高原是一个由8个地体拼合的大陆。高原内部地壳20～30km深度附近普遍发育低速高导层,它是构造应力去偶层,其上地壳脆性变形,逆冲叠覆,缩短增厚;其下地壳结构横向变化大,韧性变形。藏南下地壳(50～70km)速度发生逆转;而藏北下地壳速度增高并呈梯度变化,具有双莫霍面特征。高原莫霍面起伏变化大,南北边缘山脉山根特征明显,在高原内部缝合带两侧莫霍面多有断错。虽然高原地壳巨厚,但是岩石圈地幔并没有增厚。高原隆升经历了俯冲碰撞(K_2—E_2)、会聚挤压(E_3—N_1)、及均衡凋整(N_2—Q)3个阶段。青藏高原岩石圈现今处于双向挤压的动力学环境,莫霍面的不稳定变化,岩石圈地幔下沉等因素引起的壳幔之间和岩石圈与软流圈之间的相互作用,地壳的走滑与拉伸作用,是维持高原现今高度和范围的主要动力学因素。 相似文献
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地幔内异常热熔变与青藏高原的隆升 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用中法合作研究获得的定日—格尔木天然地震记录资料所揭示的青藏岩石圈存在的各向异性变化，讨论了雅鲁藏布江缝合带南北地幔物质运动方向的差异。结合区域重力场、地热和大量地质资料，提出了解释青藏高原形成和隆升的新模式。青藏高原是在印度板块和欧亚板块强烈碰撞挤压下，地壳缩短变形增厚，碰撞挤压达于极限，地幔内物质产生热熔变，导致了受热幔壳的急剧膨胀，托浮起上覆地壳整体，形成了巨大高耸而且地形平坦的高原。喜马拉雅造山带则是印度板块北缘俯冲受阻，逆冲叠覆堆积变形的结果。 相似文献
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河南省地壳结构和深断裂简述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用重磁资料正反演计算，获得了一系列的地壳深部资料。多种资料综合反映了河南省深部构造的主要特征。本文论述了我省地壳层状结构的特点和深断裂带的划分，首次提出黄河南断裂带，驻马店一桐柏断裂带为超壳断裂带，确山一固始断裂带、南阳断裂带为地壳断裂带。 相似文献
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The Lachlan Fold Belt has the velocity‐depth structure of continental crust, with a thickness exceeding 50 km under the region of highest topography in Australia, and in the range 41–44 km under the central Fold Belt and Sydney Basin. There is no evidence of high upper crustal velocities normally associated with marginal or back‐arc basin crustal rocks. The velocities in the lower crust are consistent with an overall increase in metamorphic grade and/or mafic mineral content with depth. Continuing tectonic development throughout the region and the negligible seismicity at depths greater than 30 km indicate that the lower crust is undergoing ductile deformation. The upper crustal velocities below the Sydney Basin are in the range 5.75–5.9 km/s to about 8 km, increasing to 6.35–6.5 km/s at about 15–17 km depth, where there is a high‐velocity (7.0 km/s) zone for about 9 km evident in results from one direction. The lower crust is characterised by a velocity gradient from about 6.7 km/s at 25 km, to 7.7 km/s at 40–42 km, and a transition to an upper mantle velocity of 8.03–8.12 km/s at 41.5–43.5 km depth. Across the central Lachlan Fold Belt, velocities generally increase from 5.6 km/s at the surface to 6.0 km/s at 14.5 km depth, with a higher‐velocity zone (5.95 km/s) in the depth range 2.5–7.0 km. In the lower crust, velocities increase from 6.3 km/s at 16 km depth to 7.2 km/s at 40 km depth, then increase to 7.95 km/s at 43 km. A steeper gradient is evident at 26.5–28 km depth, where the velocity is about 6.6—6.8 km/s. Under part of the area an upper mantle low‐velocity zone in the depth range 50–64 km is interpreted from strong events recorded at distances greater than 320 km. There is no substantial difference in the Moho depth across the boundary between the Sydney Basin and the Lachlan Fold Belt, consistent with the Basin overlying part of the Fold Belt. Pre‐Ordovician rocks within the crust suggest fragmented continental‐type crust existed E of the Precambrian craton and that these contribute to the thick crustal section in SE Australia. 相似文献
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The crustal structure of the Guayana Shield, Venezuela, from seismic refraction and gravity data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We present results from a seismic refraction experiment on the northern margin of the Guayana Shield performed during June 1998, along nine profiles of up to 320 km length, using the daily blasts of the Cerro Bolívar mines as energy source, as well as from gravimetric measurements. Clear Moho arrivals can be observed on the main E–W profile on the shield, whereas the profiles entering the Oriental Basin to the north are more noisy. The crustal thickness of the shield is unusually high with up to 46 km on the Archean segment in the west and 43 km on the Proterozoic segment in the east. A 20 km thick upper crust with P-wave velocities between 6.0 and 6.3 km/s can be separated from a lower crust with velocities ranging from 6.5 to 7.2 km/s. A lower crustal low velocity zone with a velocity reduction to 6.3 km/s is observed between 25 and 25 km depth. The average crustal velocity is 6.5 km/s. The changes in the Bouguer Anomaly, positive (30 mGal) in the west and negative (−20 mGal) in the east, cannot be explained by the observed seismic crustal features alone. Lateral variations in the crust or in the upper mantle must be responsible for these observations. 相似文献
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Crustal studies within the Japanese islands have provided important constraints on the physical properties and deformation styles of the island arc crust. The upper crust in the Japanese islands has a significant heterogeneity characterized by large velocity variation (5.5–6.1 km/s) and high seismic attenuation (Qp=100–400 for 5–15 Hz). The lateral velocity change sometimes occurs at major tectonic lines. In many cases of recent refraction/wide-angle reflection profiles, a “middle crust” with a velocity of 6.2–6.5 km/s is found in a depth range of 5–15 km. Most shallow microearthquakes are concentrated in the upper/middle crust. The velocity in the lower crust is estimated to be 6.6–7.0 km/s. The lower crust often involves a highly reflective zone with less seismicity, indicating its ductile rheology. The uppermost mantle is characterized by a low Pn velocity of 7.5–7.9 km/s. Several observations on PmP phase indicate that the Moho is not a sharp boundary with a distinct velocity contrast, but forms a transition zone from the upper mantle to the lower crust. Recent seismic reflection experiments revealed ongoing crustal deformations within the Japanese islands. A clear image of crustal delamination obtained for an arc–arc collision zone in central Hokkaido provides an important key for the evolution process from island arc to more felsic continental crust. In northern Honshu, a major fault system with listric geometry, which was formed by Miocene back arc spreading, was successfully mapped down to 12–15 km. 相似文献
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南北构造带天水、武都强震区地壳和上地幔顶部结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用两条相互垂直的高分辨地震折射/宽角反射剖面和相应的非纵观测的多个扇形剖面取得的人工地震资料, 研究天水和武都8级大震区的地壳和上地幔顶部结构和构造.二维剖面结果显示, 地壳沿垂向可分为上地壳和下地壳两大层.上地壳中部存在低速层, 层内介质速度比背景值低0.3~0.5km/s.莫霍面深度大约为46~48km.NE向的天水-武都剖面下地壳速度在横向上变化剧烈, NW向的成县-武山剖面, 在礼县以西, Moho面和C界面有被上涌物质改造过的迹象.三维速度成像显示, 在105°E附近, 从7至11km的深度范围内, 存在一条近NS向的断裂带, 在该带的两侧速度结构有明显的差异, 西侧为低速异常, 而东侧为高速异常, 这一近NS向的断裂带与二维剖面的下地壳深断裂在位置上很接近.该地区的几个8级大震均发生在105°E附近, 并且呈一近NS条带. 相似文献
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F. Hauser V. Raileanu W. Fielitz A. Bala C. Prodehl G. Polonic A. Schulze 《Tectonophysics》2001,340(3-4):233-256
The VRANCEA99 seismic refraction experiment is part of an international and multidisciplinary project to study the intermediate depth earthquakes of the Eastern Carpathians in Romania. As part of the seismic experiment, a 300-km-long refraction profile was recorded between the cities of Bacau and Bucharest, traversing the Vrancea epicentral region in NNE–SSW direction.
The results deduced using forward and inverse ray trace modelling indicate a multi-layered crust. The sedimentary succession comprises two to four seismic layers of variable thickness and with velocities ranging from 2.0 to 5.8 km/s. The seismic basement coincides with a velocity step up to 5.9 km/s. Velocities in the upper crystalline crust are 5.9–6.2 km/s. An intra-crustal discontinuity at 18–31 km divides the crust into an upper and a lower layer. Velocities within the lower crust are 6.7–7.0 km/s. Strong wide-angle PmP reflections indicate the existence of a first-order Moho at a depth of 30 km near the southern end of the line and 41 km near the centre. Constraints on upper mantle seismic velocities (7.9 km/s) are provided by Pn arrival times from two shot points only. Within the upper mantle a low velocity zone is interpreted. Travel times of a PLP reflection define the bottom of this low velocity layer at a depth of 55 km. The velocity beneath this interface must be at least 8.5 km/s.
Geologic interpretation of the seismic data suggests that the Neogene tectonic convergence of the Eastern Carpathians resulted in thin-skinned shortening of the sedimentary cover and in thick-skinned shortening in the crystalline crust. On the autochthonous cover of the Moesian platform several blocks can be recognised which are characterised by different lithological compositions. This could indicate a pre-structuring of the platform at Mesozoic and/or Palaeozoic times with a probable active involvement of the Intramoesian and the Capidava–Ovidiu faults. Especially the Intramoesian fault is clearly recognisable on the refraction line. No clear indications of the important Trotus fault in the north of the profile could be found. In the central part of the seismic line a thinned lower crust and the low velocity zone in the uppermost mantle point to the possibility of crustal delamination and partial melting in the upper mantle. 相似文献
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A two-dimensional model of the crust and uppermost mantle for the western Siberian craton and the adjoining areas of the Pur-Gedan basin to the north and Baikal Rift zone to the south is determined from travel time data from recordings of 30 chemical explosions and three nuclear explosions along the RIFT deep seismic sounding profile. This velocity model shows strong lateral variations in the crust and sub-Moho structure both within the craton and between the craton and the surrounding region. The Pur-Gedan basin has a 15-km thick, low-velocity sediment layer overlying a 25-km thick, high-velocity crystalline crustal layer. A paleo-rift zone with a graben-like structure in the basement and a high-velocity crustal intrusion or mantle upward exists beneath the southern part of the Pur-Gedan basin. The sedimentary layer is thin or non-existent and there is a velocity reversal in the upper crust beneath the Yenisey Zone. The Siberian craton has nearly uniform crustal thickness of 40–43 km but the average velocity in the lower crust in the north is higher (6.8–6.9 km/s) than in the south (6.6 km/s). The crust beneath the Baikal Rift zone is 35 km thick and has an average crustal velocity similar to that observed beneath the southern part of craton. The uppermost mantle velocity varies from 8.0 to 8.1 km/s beneath the young West Siberian platform and Baikal Rift zone to 8.1–8.5 km/s beneath the Siberian craton. Anomalous high Pn velocities (8.4–8.5 km/s) are observed beneath the western Tunguss basin in the northern part of the craton and beneath the southern part of the Siberian craton, but lower Pn velocities (8.1 km/s) are observed beneath the Low Angara basin in the central part of the craton. At about 100 km depth beneath the craton, there is a velocity inversion with a strong reflecting interface at its base. Some reflectors are also distinguished within the upper mantle at depth between 230 and 350 km. 相似文献
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Based upon the deep seismic sounding profiles carried out in the Tengchong Volcano-Geothermal Area (TVGA), western Yunnan Province of China, a 2-D crustal P velocity structure is obtained by use of finite-difference inversion and forward travel-time fitting method. The crustal model shows that a low-velocity anomaly zone exists in the upper crust, which is related to geothermal activity. Two faults, the Longling–Ruili Fault and Tengchong Fault, on the profile extend from surface to the lower crust and the Tengchong Fault likely penetrates the Moho. Moreover, based on teleseismic receiver functions on a temporary seismic network, S-wave velocity structures beneath the geothermal field show low S-wave velocity in the upper crust. From results of geophysical survey, the crust of TVGA is characterized by low P-wave and S-wave velocities, low resistivity, high heat-flow value and low Q. The upper mantle P-wave velocity is also low. This suggests presence of magma in the crust derived from the upper mantle. The low-velocity anomaly in upper crust may be related to the magma differentiation. The Tengchong volcanic area is located on the northeast edge of the Indian–Eurasian plate collision zone, away from the eastern boundary of the Indian plate by about 450 km. Based on the results of this paper and related studies, the Tengchong volcanoes can be classified as plate boundary volcanoes. 相似文献
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斜切中亚的深部滑移构造带地球物理证据及对表层构造的制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
斜切中亚的帕米尔一阿尔泰滑移构造带向南延伸，可与恰曼转换断裂系统相接，影响其两侧表层断裂构造格局、中新生代盆山演化、现今地壳变形和地震活动．地球卫星重力异常带在滑移构造带两侧表现出显著的不连续性和系统位移特征，其深部滑移幅度达600km以上．从卫星资料反演计算出的地壳厚度图上可看出，新疆地区地壳厚度比中亚邻区厚4～8hn，岩石圈厚度比中亚邻区厚10-20km，新疆及邻区地震波速层析成像结果提供了不同深度速度结构，在平行于中国西部国界处的10km、30km、50km深处均有NE向速度结构不连续面的反映． 相似文献