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在低纬度的热带、亚热带岩溶地区,水热条件充沛,广泛发育着厚度不一的红色风化壳。由于碳酸盐岩易溶蚀,酸不溶物含量低,同时宏观上风化壳和下伏基岩呈突变接触,风化壳中原岩的残余结构消失,在野外缺乏直接的地质证据支持两者之间存在着一定的演化关系,所以这些岩溶区红色风化壳的物质来源长期以来一直存在着争议。而物质来源的准确识别是进行这些风化壳机理研究的基础和关键。笔者在对贵州岩溶台地红色风化壳的研究过程中,尝试通过粒度分析,来探讨风化壳的物质来源和演化特征。在不同环境背景下,沉积物的粒度分布特征是不同的。 相似文献
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粒度分析在风化壳物源示踪方面是一种新的尝试,具有指示直接的特点。尤其当常规的地球化学、矿物学等方法难以直观反映母岩的不均一性对风化壳的影响时,粒度分布特征却可以建立两者的对应关系,从而更为合理地指示风化壳和下伏基岩的关系。黔北新蒲剖面的下伏基岩为局部夹碎屑岩薄层的连续型碳酸盐岩,本文通过对其酸不溶物及上覆红色风化壳粒度分布特征的研究,表明基岩的垂向不均一,导致上覆风化壳粒度分布特征的差异性,同时存在与下伏不同基岩酸不溶物粒度分布特征相对应的风化壳,指示了碳酸盐岩为其上覆风化壳的成土母岩。化学风化指标在剖面的变化也支持了粒度分析结果,即风化壳母岩的不均一性。从碎屑岩夹层和碳酸盐岩对风化壳提供物源的相对份额中指出碳酸盐岩的酸不溶物对上覆风化壳的优势贡献。从粒度参数角度进一步诠释了连续型碳酸盐岩风化残积成土的现实性,为正确理解中国西南岩溶区红色风化壳的成因提供了新的探索手段。综合资料显示,碳酸盐岩特别是连续型碳酸盐岩酸不溶物构成中国西南岩溶区上覆红色风化壳的主要物质来源也是可能的。 相似文献
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酸不溶物对碳酸盐岩风化壳发育程度的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对贵州岩溶区（包括湘西）不同地层系统碳酸盐岩发育的红色风化壳、以及结合本区和处于同一气候带的邻区不同岩类红色风化壳的对比研究,结果表明：（1）碳酸盐岩红色风化壳的发育程度明显受基岩酸不溶物成分的控制,酸不溶物的风化成熟度越高,红色风化壳的发育程度一般也越强。由于不同地层系统碳酸盐岩的酸不溶物组成不同,在此基础上发育的红色风化壳的风化强度自然存在着差异;（2）风化壳相对于母岩的进一步风化潜力或空间,随着基岩酸不溶物风化成熟度的增大而降低,从而更容易达到风化平衡;（3）在碳酸盐岩风化壳突变的岩-土界面,伴随碳酸盐的充分淋失、酸不溶物的地球化学指标发生了突变。因此,碳酸盐的溶解不但未阻滞和延缓了硅酸盐组分的分解,而且促进其快速风化。（4）在达到高岭石化甚至弱红土化阶段的酸不溶物基础上,发育的风化壳比结晶岩类风化壳具有更高的风化起点,也就表现出更高的风化强度。因此,笼统地把碳酸盐岩风化壳看作是弱于玄武岩及花岗岩等结晶岩类风化壳发育程度的弱风化类型是不妥的。 相似文献
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浅析北方红粘土对碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
田级生 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1986,(3)
北方碳酸盐岩发育的红色风化壳大都是第Ⅰ、Ⅱ间冰期湿热气候条件下溶蚀与风化作用的结果,形成硅铝—铁型风化壳。风化壳中红粘土化学成分R_2O_3(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)含量达20—30％。当降水或地表水的垂直下渗、红粘土的氢离子浓度加大,溶蚀性增强,沿红粘土和碳酸盐岩接触面产生溶蚀作用,形成石芽、溶沟、溶槽、溶痕等岩溶地形,并在它们的表面保留有红粘土痕迹。 相似文献
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二长花岗岩风化壳自下而上划分为原生带、微风化带、弱风化带和强风化带。风化壳中粘土矿物主要为埃洛石,其次为高岭石及少量伊利石。微风化带下部以高岭石为主,往上埃洛石逐渐占优势,并于弱风化带中、上部和强风化带中局部富集,这与当时地下水活动状态有关。高岭石结晶程度随风化程度的增强而提高。在弱酸性介质条件下及水分丰富、溶出条件强烈时,从长石解理面上和长石的“溶蚀”空隙中可以直接形成高岭石或埃洛石,而过渡阶段的伊利石很不发育或不存在。 相似文献
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ＲＥＥ是了解和研究地球表生过程的一个重要手段。通过ＲＥＥ的化学性质、物源和在表生水中的迁移和分配，综述了ＲＥＥ在表生过程水中的独特行为和再分配的全过程，同时利用表生水作用的代表产物——页岩，讨论了ＲＥＥ在水与古沉积物中的作用和指示意义。由于ＲＥＥ测试方法中存在的问题，指出了过去研究中可能错误的结论和当前重新评估ＲＥＥ在水和岩石圈演化中分配及其地质意义的重要性 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩酸不溶物作为贵州岩溶区红色风化壳主要物质来源的证据 总被引：26，自引：4，他引：26
贵州岩溶区红色风化壳是中国南方红色负化壳的重要组成部分，本文根据部分红色风化壳剖面野外特征、矿物学、地球化学及土壤物理学等的研究结果，对其物源及成因进行了探讨。各剖面，尤其邻近剖面显著的矿物学、地球化学差异排除了远程风成沉积物、火山灰、上覆或者高处碎屑岩层作为统一且重要物源的可能。极低的石英含量表明贵州常见的长石石英砂岩不是其主要物源，具有中稀土（MREE）富集的特征也排除了粘土岩、页岩作为主要物源的可能。风化壳剖面间的差异性均可从基岩酸不溶物的差异性得到很好解释，表明它们是下伏碳酸盐岩风化、酸不溶物（准）原地堆积的结果。部分剖面甚至显示了典型风化壳剖面的一些特征，具有正常风化序列的剖面结构特征。 相似文献
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华南花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素地球化学及矿石性质研究 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：27
华南稀土花岗岩风化壳主要可分为腐值层、全风化层和半风化层。在岩石的风化淋滤过程中，稀土以水合或羟基水合离子吸附在全风化层中的主要矿物埃洛石和高岭石等粘土矿物上。这些层状粘土矿物具有取代结构和断面余键两个吸附活性中心。量子化学计算表明两个吸附活性中心对不同稀土的吸附能力为：Ｌａ＾３＋〉Ｃｅ＾３＋〉Ｐｒ＾３＋〉Ｎｄ＾３＋〉Ｓｍ＾３＋〉Ｅｕ＾３＋〉Ｇｄ＾３＋〉Ｔｂ＾３＋〉Ｄｙ＾３＋〉Ｈｏ＾３＋〉Ｙ＾３＋ 相似文献
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The results of REE leached by some organic acids with various concentrations and water/rock ratios for different durations from a mixed samples of the weathering crust of a granite in Gonghe,Guangdong,China,showed that:1)the contents of REE leached increase with increasing concentrations of the organic acids;2) the contents of REE leached by 0.01mol/L organic acids increase with increasing water/rock ration;3) the interaction between the organic acids and the samples enhances the pH value of the medium and the contents of REE leached tend to increase with decreasing pH value;and 4) compared with those leached by ammonia sulfate,the REE leached by the organic acids are characterized by a weaker negative C e anomaly,a stronger negative Eu anomaly,and lower(La/Sm)N and (Gd/Yb)N ratios,indicating that the organic acids have made contributions to the fractionation of REE in the weathering crust. 相似文献
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陇川地区大面积出露海西期-印支期二长花岗岩,风化壳普遍发育完好,并有稀土元素异常与之相对应,除已知的龙安中型稀土矿床外,邦歪异常具有大型稀土矿床成矿背景,广岭和野牛坝异常也具有较好的成矿远景。 相似文献
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煤系高岭岩的地球化学判别标志 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文主要研究了煤系高岭岩的微量、稀土、氧同位素地球化学特征。根据高岭岩产出层序、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学特征的研究，将煤系高岭岩分为两类：（１）铝土质高岭岩，微量元素含量、稀土总量，氧同位素值高，稀土配分模式与典型北美页岩相似，Ｅｕ负异常，反映其源岩为风化壳化学风化作用产物。（２）夹矸高岭岩，微量元素含量，稀土总量，氧同位素值低，稀土配分模式部分与典型北美页岩相似，反映其源岩与铝土质高岭岩类似；部 相似文献
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The ability of organic matter as well as carbonate ions to extract rare earth elements (REEs) from sandy sediments of a Coastal Plain aquifer was investigated for unpurified organic matter from different sources (i.e., Mississippi River natural organic matter, Aldrich humic acid, Nordic aquatic fulvic acid, Suwannee River fulvic acid, and Suwannee River natural organic matter) and for extraction solutions containing weak (i.e., CH3COO−) or strong (i.e., ) ligands. The experimental results indicate that, in the absence of strong REE complexing ligands in solution, the amount of REEs released from the sand is small and the fractionation pattern of the released REEs appears to be controlled by the surface stability constants for REE sorption with Fe(III) oxides/oxyhydroxides. In the presence of strong solution complexing ligands, however, the amount and the fractionation pattern of the released REEs reflect the strength and variation of the stability constants of the dominant aqueous REE species across the REE series. The varying amount of REEs extracted by the different organic matter employed in the experiments indicates that organic matter from different sources has different complexing capacity for REEs. However, the fractionation pattern of REEs extracted by the various organic matter used in our experiments is remarkable consistent, being independent of the source and the concentration of organic matter used, as well as solution pH. Because natural aquifer sand and unpurified organic matter were used in our experiments, our experimental conditions are more broadly similar to natural systems than many previous laboratory experiments of REE-humic complexation that employed purified humic substances. Our results suggest that the REE loading effect on REE-humic complexation is negligible in natural waters as more abundant metal cations (e.g., Fe, Al) out-compete REEs for strong binding sites on organic matter. More specifically, our results indicate that REE complexation with organic matter in natural waters is dominated by REE binding to weak sites on dissolved organic matter, which subsequently leads to a middle REE (MREE: Sm-Ho)-enriched fractionation pattern. The experiments also indicate that carbonate ions may effectively compete with fulvic acid in binding with dissolved REEs, but cannot out compete humic acids for REEs. Therefore, in natural waters where low molecular weight (LMW) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the predominant form of DOC (e.g., lower Mississippi River water), REEs occur as “truly” dissolved species by complexing with carbonate ions as well as FA, resulting in heavy REE (HREE: Er-Lu)-enriched shale-normalized fractionation patterns. Whereas, in natural terrestrial waters where REE speciation is dominated by organic complexes with high molecular weight DOC (e.g., “colloidal” HA), only MREE-enriched fractionation patterns will be observed because the more abundant, weak sites preferentially complex MREEs relative to HREEs and light REEs (LREEs: La-Nd). 相似文献
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基于物化探技术方法在特殊地质地貌区填图中的应用实验,介绍从区域物化探数据提取地质填图信息的方法,指出重磁与氡-汞气测联合应用是覆盖区探测隐伏岩体、断裂的高效低成本物化探技术组合。运用基于地球化学理论方法的元素地球化学判别技术,在强烈风化区定量划分风化等级为:基岩-弱风化-中度风化-强风化-全风化-残积土等;指出风化壳元素地球化学行为对原生矿物分解、次生矿物形成具有示踪效应;不同风化层稀土元素富集分异显著,强烈富集于全风化层（岩土界面或风化岩石顶界）中的稀土元素分布模式,可作为界定风化壳分层的重要地球化学判别指标。 相似文献
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Humic matter fractions from modern sediments of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan have been compared. Large yields of saccharinic acids from alkaline hydrolysis suggest that these fractions contain large portions of carbohydrate materials. Evidence for contributions of aquatic lipid (C-16 fatty acids) and of liginin (phenolic acids) to these sediments is also present in the hydrolysis products. Qualitative differences among fulvic acid, humic acid and humin from the same lake are minor, suggesting common (or similar) organic sources for these fractions. The lability of sedimentary humic matter to alkaline hydrolysis is inversely related to its degree of exposure to oxidative weathering. Lability may also be related to diagenetic state as fulvic acids generally yield greater quantities of hydrolysis components than humic acids which in turn yield more than humin. 相似文献