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1.
The impact of cyclic wetting and drying on the swelling behaviour of stabilized expansive soils 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Black cotton soil (BCS) deposits, stabilized with waste materials-wood-ash and organic matter (leaves, grass, etc.) exist in BCS areas of North Karnataka, India. These ash-modified soils (AMS) are apparently stabilized by hydrated lime produced by biochemical, dissolution, and hydration reactions. The influence of cyclic wetting and drying on the swelling behaviour of wood-ash-modified BCS and laboratory lime-treated BCS specimens are examined in this study. Such a study is required to assess the long-term behaviour of chemically stabilized soils in geotechnical applications. Cyclic wetting and drying caused the AMS specimens to become more porous and less saturated. Consequently, the cyclically wetted and dried (or desiccated) AMS specimens collapsed significantly at the experimental flooding pressures. The beneficial effects of lime-stabilization of the BCS specimens were also partially lost in cyclically wetting and drying them. The clay contents of the lime-treated BCS specimens increased on cyclic wetting and drying. The increased clay contents in turn, affected their Atterberg limits and swell–shrink potentials. Partial loss of inter-particle cementation, increased porosity, and reduced degree of saturation, also imparted small to moderate collapse potentials to the desiccated lime-treated BCS specimens. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents a three‐dimensional elastoplastic constitutive model for predicting the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. It is based on experimental results obtained from a series of controlled‐suction triaxial tests on unsaturated compacted clay with different initial densities. Hydraulic hysteresis in the water‐retention behaviour is modelled as an elastoplastic process, with the elastic part modelled by a series of scanning curves and the elastoplastic part modelled by the main drying and wetting curves. The effect of void ratio on the water‐retention behaviour is studied using data obtained from controlled‐suction wetting–drying cyclic tests on unsaturated compacted clay with different initial densities. The effect of the degree of saturation on the stress–strain‐strength behaviour and the effect of void ratio on the water‐retention behaviour are considered in the model, as is the effect of suction on the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour. The initial density dependency of the compacted soil behaviour is modelled by experimental relationships between the initial density and the corresponding yield stress and, thereby, between the initial density and the normal compression line. The model is generalized to three‐dimensional stress states by assuming that the shapes of the failure and yield surfaces in the deviatoric stress plane are given by the Matsuoka–Nakai criterion. Model predictions of the stress–strain and water‐retention behaviour are compared with those obtained from triaxial tests with different initial densities under isotropic compression, triaxial compression and triaxial extension, with or without variation in suction. The comparisons indicate that the model accurately predicts the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated compacted soils with different initial densities using the same material constant. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
对初始状态相同南阳膨胀土试样进行1～6次干湿循环,选取其中的1、3、6次循环后的试样,采用饱和盐溶液蒸汽平衡法测定其含水率、孔隙比、饱和度等与吸力的关系,并对比分析干湿循环对南阳膨胀土的持水能力影响。在1～6次干湿循环过程中,以环刀为参照物拍摄每次烘干后试样上表面照片,用数字图像处理提取图像中的裂隙与收缩面积,以此分析试样烘干过程中裂隙与收缩与干湿循环次数的关系。试验结果表明,干湿循环过程中相同吸力的试样含水率略降低、孔隙比略增大、持水能力略降低,烘干过程中试样收缩面积增大,裂隙展开面积增大,但上述性质变化幅度都随干湿循环次数增加而减小。试验成果为研究膨胀土的持水能力和湿胀干缩变形性质随干湿循环的变化规律提供实测数据。 相似文献
4.
Assia Benchouk Mounir Derfouf Nabil Abou-Bekr Said Taibi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(12):4565-4573
This paper presents an experimental study carried out on some clayey soils of Tlemcen region situated in the North West of Algeria. The characterization of the volumetric behavior under the effect of suction is studied on drying–wetting paths which highlight the correspondence between void ratio, degree of saturation, and water content versus suction. The initial conditions of studied material are in slurry form and compacted at different initial water contents. For the slurry form, correlations are derived to predict parameters characterizing the drying path. 相似文献
5.
干湿循环作用下压实黄土湿陷特性试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
压实黄土作为重要的填筑材料,广泛应用于我国西北、华北公路、铁路、机场等基础设施建设中.由于降雨及蒸发的周期性变化,黄土路基及基础经历着强烈的干湿交替作用.基于此,开展压实黄土风干干燥-滴水增湿条件下的干湿循环试验,利用双线法测试最佳含水量条件下不同初始压实度的黄土土样干湿循环前后的湿陷系数.结果表明：没有经历干湿交替作用的土样,湿陷系数随着压实度的增大而快速减小,当压实度达到90%,提高压实度对于黄土湿陷变形特征的影响较小;5次干湿循环作用后,不同压实度下的试样的湿陷系数均明显增大,且压实度越大,干湿作用对其湿陷变形的影响越显著;压实度K=95%试样在经历5次干湿循环作用后土样上部出现肉眼可见的细微孔隙,体积膨胀,有可溶盐析出,湿陷系数达到0.017,土样出现二次湿陷. 相似文献
6.
The soil fabric plays an important role in complex hydromechanical behaviour of the expansive soils. This article addresses the influence of the wetting and drying paths on the soil fabric of compacted bentonite and silt mixtures at two different initial dry densities corresponding to loose and dense states. To obtain the hydric response of the soil, two suction imposition techniques were used: osmotic technique for the suction range less than 8.5 MPa and the vapour equilibrium or the salt solution technique for the suction range between 8.5 and 287.9 MPa. Additionally, the soil fabric analysis was performed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and nitrogen gas adsorption (BET) techniques. The dense samples produced cumulative swelling strains during the suction cycles, while shrinkage was observed for the loose samples. The suction cycles induced an equilibrium state indicative of the elastic behaviour of the samples. The soil fabric analysis showed that regardless of the soil's initial state (loose or dense), the samples obtained the same soil fabric at the equilibrium state. The experimental results illustrated also the existence of an elastic void ratio (e0el) where the compacted soils at this state present an elastic hydric behaviour during the successive suction cycles. 相似文献
7.
Analysis of Swelling and Shrinkage Behavior of Compacted Clays 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Anil Kumar Mishra Sarita Dhawan Sudhakar M. Rao 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(3):289-298
The impact of the variation in compaction condition on the swelling and shrinkage behavior of three soils has been examined.
Two natural soils, namely red soil and black cotton soil, and one artificially mixed soil sample of commercial bentonite with
well-graded sand, were studied. Compaction curve for Standard Proctor conditions were plotted and four compaction conditions
were selected. Experimental results showed that clay mineralogy dominates over compaction conditions in influencing the swelling
and shrinkage behavior of the tested soils. Monitoring of void ratio (e)−water content (w) relations during shrinkage showed
that soil specimens generally shrunk in three distinct linear stages. A small reduction in void ratio occurred on reduction
in water content during the first shrinkage stage and was termed as initial shrinkage. In second stage, void ratio decreased
rapidly with reduction in water content and was termed as primary shrinkage. In third and final stage, reduction in water
content is accompanied by a marginal change in void ratio and it’s called residual shrinkage. Irrespective of initial compaction
conditions studied, the transition from primary to residual shrinkage for all the specimens occurred within a narrow range
of water content (10–15%). 相似文献
8.
非饱和残积土的土-水特征曲线试验及模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
土-水特征曲线是指基质吸力与含水率或饱和度的关系曲线。土-水特征及其相关数学模型可用于非饱和土性质如渗透系数和抗剪强度模型的建立。通常,土-水特征曲线仅有脱湿曲线。笔者详细讨论了初始含水率、干密度、竖向应力及干湿循环对脱湿曲线的影响。采用滤纸法测试了厦门地区残积土的土-水特征曲线(SWCC)及滞回环。结果表明,初始含水率对SWCC影响较小,最优含水率干侧试样SWCC的进气值小,滞回环小;湿侧试样的进气值大,滞回环大;最优含水率试样的滞回环居中。初始干密度对SWCC有显著影响,低干密度试样SWCC进气值小,脱湿速率快;高干密度试样SWCC进气值高,脱湿速率低。滞回环的大小随着初始干密度的减小而增大。不同竖向应力下SWCC变化较大。随着竖向应力的增加,进气值增大,脱湿速率减小,滞回环减小并趋于稳定。第1次干湿循环对SWCC影响最大,随着循环次数的增加,进气值减小,滞回环减小并趋于稳定。由于残积砂质黏性土SWCC的过渡区和残余区不易区分,残余含水率难以确定,因此,提出5种剔除残余含水率参数的修正SWCC模型,计算分析得出,修正Gardner模型最适合厦门地区残积土的SWCC建模。 相似文献
9.
利用自制的土体直拉强度测试仪,研究了重塑花岗岩残积土在不同含水率下、增湿过程和干燥过程中抗拉强度的变化规律,并从胶结力和湿吸力的角度讨论了抗拉强度变化规律的微观机制。结果表明：不同含水率条件下抗拉强度随含水率增加呈现先增后减,峰值两侧呈较好的指数规律;增湿过程中抗拉强度随含水率增加呈先增后减趋势,峰值两侧为一次函数规律;干燥过程中抗拉强度随含水率降低出现指数增加阶段、平稳阶段和小幅降低阶段3个阶段,其抗拉强度峰值为不同含水率条件下抗拉强度的4倍。花岗岩残积土在不同含水率和增湿过程中的抗拉强度的变化主要受湿吸力控制,而干燥过程中抗拉强度变化的同时受湿吸力和胶结力的控制,且胶结力对抗拉强度的贡献超过70%。土体的干燥开裂过程对应干燥过程中抗拉强度变化的几个阶段,干燥时湿吸力是土体内部拉应力的来源,这说明湿吸力既是抗拉强度的贡献者,同时也是抗拉强度的破坏者。该研究结果从另一种角度解释了土体抗拉强度的形成来源及其变化的主控因素。 相似文献
10.
Alain Le Kouby Antoine Guimond-Barrett Philippe Reiffsteck Anne Pantet 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1463-1474
Nowadays, improving the strength and deformation properties of soft soils by deep soil mixing is a commonly used technique. There is also an increasing interest in the use of this technique for foundation/structural elements and excavation retaining walls applications. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of the soil mix material are key parameters in the design of these structures. However, there is very limited information available on the impact of exposure to air drying (in the case of retaining wall) on the strength and stiffness of cement stabilized soils. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different curing conditions (immersion in water, cycles of wetting and drying, continuous air drying) on the mechanical properties of soils treated with cement in the laboratory. Free–free resonance tests and unconfined compression tests were performed on specimens of silt and sand treated with blastfurnace slag cement. Strength increases more rapidly than stiffness between 7 and 30 days. The strength of stabilized soils submitted to cyclic wetting and drying before the cement hydration process is complete continues to increase. As long as the periods of drying do not induce microcracks, the stiffness of the treated soil specimens also increases with time. However, the stiffness is lower than for the specimens cured in water indicating a disruptive effect of the imposed wetting–drying cycles on stiffness. Continuous exposure to air drying inhibits strength development due to insufficient water for hydration. Significant stiffness decreases were observed on specimens of stabilized silt and are attributed to microcracking. 相似文献
11.
干湿变化是自然界中土体必然经历的过程,对土体工程性质有重要影响。系统掌握干/湿过程中土结构演化特征,对深入认识土体宏观力学性质有重要意义。基于国内外大量文献资料,着重总结了黏性土在干燥过程、湿化过程和干湿循环过程中微观结构的演化特征,得到了以下几点主要认识:（1）含水率是影响土体微观结构的关键因素之一,在最优含水率干侧制备的土样呈典型的团聚体结构,孔隙分布曲线具有双峰特征,而在湿侧则呈相对均匀的基质结构,孔隙分布曲线呈现单峰特征;（2）在干燥过程中（吸力增加）,到达缩限之前,土体积的减小主要由大的宏观孔隙收缩所致。在不同的吸力区间内,主要受影响的孔隙尺寸是不同的;（3）在湿化过程中（吸力减小）,团聚体内的小孔隙和团聚体间的大孔隙都逐渐增大,且以团聚体内的孔隙增大为主,孔隙结构的演化特征与侧限条件密切相关;（4）在干湿循环过程中,土结构变化并不是完全可逆的,土体产生的累积收缩/膨胀形变量主要来自于宏观孔隙,随着干湿循环次数的增加,土体的体变特性会达到一个平衡状态,可用弹性孔隙比进行描述。除此以外,还总结了土结构观测的常规技术方法,包括SEM、ESEM、MIP和CT技术等。最后针对土结构研究现状,提出了今后的研究重点和方向,主要包括制样新方法、观测新技术、湿化过程的微观结构以及微观结构参数与宏观力学模型相结合等。 相似文献
12.
全吸力范围南阳膨胀土的土-水特征曲线 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
膨胀土的失水收缩、吸水膨胀过程分别对应着土-水特征曲线的脱湿和吸湿阶段。土-水特征曲线对于研究非饱和土的水力与力学特性有着重要作用。用压力板法（吸力范围0～1.5 MPa）、滤纸法（吸力范围0～40 MPa）和蒸汽平衡法（吸力范围3～368 MPa）,分别对南阳膨胀土进行了土-水特性试验,得到全吸力范围内的土-水特征曲线。试验结果表明：初始孔隙比大致相同土样的土-水特征曲线,在低吸力范围内脱湿曲线与吸湿曲线具有明显的滞回现象。当吸力大于300 MPa时,土-水特征曲线的滞回效应基本消失,即脱湿曲线与吸湿曲线基本重合。滤纸法所测出的土-水特性落在主脱湿和主吸湿曲线的滞回圈内。当吸力等于367.54 MPa时,含水率仅为0.325%,几乎近于0。孔隙比随着吸力的变化规律中,不仅受到吸力大小的影响,还受到吸力历史和吸力路径影响;孔隙比与吸力关系中,相同吸力时吸湿路径的孔隙比要比脱湿路径的大;在吸力低范围,吸湿路径与脱湿路径的孔隙比相近。孔隙比与饱和度关系因吸力路径的不同也存在着明显的滞回效应,接近饱和时趋近一致。变吸力情况条件下,饱和度随着孔隙比的增加而增加,蒸汽平衡法得出的孔隙比与饱和度的关系具有明显的线性关系,而压力板法做出来的低吸力范围内的线性关系不明显。 相似文献
13.
A discrete model for unsaturated granular soils has been developed. Three discrete entities have been defined: particles, water menisci and pores. Local interaction forces and water transfer mechanisms have been integrated into a model through the appropriate equilibrium and balance equations. The results of several numerical tests using this model have been described and discussed. Simulations include wetting and drying under load tests, the application of suction cycles and the effect of a deviatoric stress ratio on wetting‐induced collapse. The model reacts just as true granular soil samples behave in laboratory tests. The model provides a new insight into the internal mechanisms leading to large‐scale features of behaviour such as wetting‐induced collapse or the increase in soil strength provided by suction. The paper also stresses that matric suction changes acting on a granular structure are capable of explaining most of the macroscopic features of stress–strain behaviour. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
The paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of the initial water content and dry density on the
soil–water retention curve and the shrinkage behavior of a compacted Lias-clay. The initial conditions after compaction (initial
water content and initial dry density) have been chosen on the basis of three Proctor tests of different compaction efforts.
According to the eight chosen initial conditions clay samples have been compacted statically. The relation between total suction
and water content was determined for the drying path starting from the initial conditions without previous saturation of the
specimens. A chilled-mirror dew-point hygrometer was used for the suction measurements. For the investigation of the shrinkage
behavior cylindrical specimens were dried to desired water contents step-by-step without previous saturation. The volume of
the specimens was measured by means of a caliper. Based on the test results the influence of different initial conditions
on the soil suction and the shrinkage behavior is analyzed. The soil–water retention curves obtained in terms of the gravimetric
water content are independent of the initial dry density. At water contents above approximately 11–12.5% a strong influence
of the compaction water content is observed. At smaller water contents, the soil–water retention curve is independent of the
compaction water content. The results of the shrinkage tests show that the influence of the compaction dry density on the
shrinkage behavior is negligible. Similar to the drying behavior of saturated samples a primary and a residual drying process
could be distinguished. The primary drying process is strongly influenced by the initial water content. In contrast, the rate
of the volume change of the residual drying process is unaffected by the initial water content. 相似文献
15.
干湿循环对非饱和膨胀土抗剪强度影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
膨胀土是一种气候敏感性土体,研究在干湿循环过程中膨胀土剪切强度的变化,对了解在自然界周期性蒸发和降雨作用下原位膨胀土体工程性质的变化以及由此导致的地质灾害发生过程具有重要意义。文中以重塑非饱和膨胀土为研究对象,模拟了3次干湿循环过程,对每次干燥路径中的试样进行了直剪试验,重点分析含水率、正压力及干湿循环次数对膨胀土剪切强度的影响,得到如下主要结果：（1）在干燥过程中,随着含水率的减小,试样的刚度、脆性、抗剪强度值（峰值剪切应力）、抗剪强度指标（黏聚力、内摩擦角）及抗剪强度损失（峰值强度与残余强度之差）均呈增加趋势;（2）正压力越高,试样的剪切强度和残余强度越大,而破坏后的峰值强度损失越小,破坏韧性增加;（3）在3次干燥过程中,试样的剪切强度及黏聚力呈先增加后减小的趋势,在第二次干燥过程中达到峰值,但内摩擦角受干湿循环的影响无明显规律;（4）试样经历多次干湿循环后,其剪切特性越来越类似于超固结土,脆性显著增加;（5）干燥过程和干湿循环对试样残余剪切强度的影响都不明显,残余剪切强度基本都在100 kPa附近变化;（6）非饱和膨胀土在干湿循环及干燥过程中剪切强度的变化除了与吸力有关外,还与其微观结构调整和裂隙发育状态密切相关,需要综合非饱和土力学和土质学理论对试验现象进行分析。 相似文献
16.
通过对具有不同初始含水率和干密度的两种压实黏质砂土的脱湿曲线进行测试、分析和对比,并结合核磁共振技术,探讨了干密度、初始含水率和土样组分对压实黏质砂土脱湿过程的影响规律。利用核磁共振测得了试样在各级吸力下的T2时间（横向弛豫时间）分布曲线,定性地探讨了不同吸力下试样中的水分分布特征,揭示了干密度、初始含水率和土样组分对试样脱湿过程的微观机制影响。试验结果表明：干密度仅在低基质吸力条件下对试样脱湿过程产生重要影响,而在高吸力条件下初始含水率和试样组分起主导作用;核磁共振结果证实在压实黏质砂土中,小孔隙结构主要由初始含水率和试样组分控制,而大孔隙的结构主要取决于干密度;试样组分对压实土的内部结构和孔隙大小分布的影响比初始含水率大。 相似文献
17.
非饱和湿陷性土与湿胀性土分别具有亚稳态孔隙比结构和超稳态孔隙比结构,广义吸力是维持这种结构稳定的主要因素。随着广义吸力的丧失,两种结构均处于一个不稳定的孔隙状态,土体会向一个更加稳定的孔隙比结构发展。超孔隙比结构孔隙比增大,土体产生膨胀,亚稳孔隙比减小,土体产生收缩。基于这一稳态孔隙比理论,建立了广义吸力丧失引起的孔隙比的增量方程,来统一考虑非饱和土的湿陷性和湿胀性变形特性,并通过经典试验数据验证了增量方程的合理性 相似文献
18.
Hanifi Missoum Mostefa Belkhatir Karim Bendani Mustapha Maliki 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(1):279-296
In a number of recent case studies, the liquefaction of silty sands has been reported. To investigate the undrained shear and deformation behaviour of Chlef sand–silt mixtures, a series of monotonic and stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand encountered at the site. The aim of this laboratory investigation is to study the influence of silt contents, expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio on undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense and dense sand–silt mixtures under monotonic loading and liquefaction potential under cyclic loading. After an earthquake event, the prediction of the post-liquefaction strength is becoming a challenging task in order to ensure the stability of different types of earth structures. Thus, the choice of the appropriate undrained residual shear strength of silty sandy soils that are prone to liquefaction to be used in engineering practice design should be established. To achieve this, a series of undrained triaxial tests were conducted on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines contents ranging from 0 to 40 %. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant at 100 kPa. From the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not characterize the actual behaviour of the soil as well. The equivalent void ratio expressing the fine particles participation in soil strength is then introduced. A linear relationship between the undrained shear residual shear strength and the equivalent void ratio has been obtained for the studied range of the fines contents. Cyclic test results confirm that the increase in the equivalent void ratio and the fines content accelerates the liquefaction phenomenon for the studied stress ratio and the liquefaction resistance decreases with the increase in either the equivalent void ratio or the loading amplitude level. These cyclic tests results confirm the obtained monotonic tests results. 相似文献
19.
Zhong-Sen Li Assia Benchouk Feth-Ellah Mounir Derfouf Nabil Abou-Bekr Said Taibi Hanène Souli Jean-Marie Fleureau 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(1):51-71
The main objective of this paper is to examine how different engineering soils react to environmental variations and to provide correlations to characterize their behaviour under null external mechanical stress. Two French and two Algerian soils with liquid limits ranging from 36 to 112 were prepared under both slurry and Proctor compaction conditions, and then subjected to drying–wetting paths with suction controlled from several kPa to several hundreds of MPa. Experimental results are presented in five diagrams to show globally and simultaneously the shrinkage–swelling, saturation–desaturation and water retention characteristics. A reasonable consistency was observed between the oedometric and drying curves of slurry, confirming the equivalence between hydraulic loading (suction) and mechanical loading (consolidation stress) on the volume change behaviour of different soils. As an intrinsic parameter of soil nature, liquid limit was found to have a significant influence on the shrinkage limit, air-entry suction and compressibility of both slurry and compacted samples. For that reason, correlations between these characteristics and liquid limit were set up, providing a good basis for a first estimation of the drying–wetting curves. At the micro-scale, new experimental results were obtained: either on drying or wetting path, the micro-pores were almost unaffected, whereas, when matrix suction increased from 0.1 to 8 MPa, the volume of macro-pores decreased to quasi-closure. At last, the analogy between the compaction and drying–wetting curves, and the comparison of different methods to determine the water retention curve were addressed. Such analogies and comparisons contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of mechanical stress and suction. 相似文献
20.
Collapsible soils are problematic by nature. They undergo collapse or sudden settlement or subsidence under a given stress when their water content is increased. Collapse is characterised by collapse potential expressed as ΔH/H x 100, where ΔH is collapse compression. The amount of stress applied and the water content at the time of collapse govern the amount of collapse. In other words, collapse potential depends upon the amount of stress and the water content. Loess and other wind-blown silts are examples of collapsible soils. This paper presents a parametric study on the collapse behaviour of a lateritic soil. Remoulded specimens of a lateritic soil passing through a 425 µm sieve were compacted in 1-D consolidometer or oedometer at a density of 13 kN/m3 for studying collapse under varied initial moisture contents and initial surcharge pressures. Collapse compression of the samples was induced by saturating the specimens with water contents corresponding to 100% degree of saturation. After collapse occurred, the 1-D consolidation tests were continued up to an applied stress of 160 kPa. Collapse behaviour was studied for the applied initial pressures (σi) of 10, 20 and 40 kPa and for the initial water contents (wi) of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Collapse compression and collapse potential decreased with increasing wi for all σi. 相似文献