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1.
为了解石油烃类污染物在地下水中的自然衰减规律,以苯、萘、菲作为目标污染物,采用实验场地4种天然砂土作为含水层介质进行了室内模拟实验。结果表明:在单组分和混合组分溶液中,苯、萘和菲在地下含水层介质中的自然衰减均符合一级动力学方程;在不同含水层介质中,苯和萘的衰减速率大小顺序为粉砂>中砂≈粗砂>砾砂,而菲的自然衰减速率大小顺序为粉砂≈中砂≈粗砂>砾砂;微生物降解在苯和萘的自然衰减中起重要作用,而固相吸附在菲的自然衰减中起重要作用。3种物质共存时,苯和萘的自然衰减加快,菲的自然衰减减慢。  相似文献   

2.
汽油污染含水层中芳香烃的自然去除与生物降解特征   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
石油烃污染地下水是一个普遍而严重的环境问题.用砂卵石、中粗砂、细砂、粉砂和粘土等在实验室内按照自然界沉积物层序制作了一个含水层物理模型,具有给水、排水、监测、抽提、淋滤与注入等功能.利用该模型开展石油烃污染地下水的特征研究结果表明,苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene;BTEX)各溶解组分能够被自然去除,其中甲苯自然衰减的速率系数为0.057 5~0.150 4 d-1,二甲苯为0.068 3~0.104 6 d,乙苯大约为0.047 8 d,苯为O.017 8~0.040 6 d.甲苯与二甲苯容易被去除,然而苯的去除则需要较长的时间.作为BTEX去除反应的电子受体,溶解氧、硝酸盐在需氧或厌氧条件下具有优先利用的机会,而硫酸盐则缺乏优先利用的机会.BTEX溶解组分浓度的降低,加上电子受体浓度的降低,可以表明含水层存在需氧条件与硝酸盐还原条件下的内在生物降解作用.其意义在于通过增加含水层中电子受体的浓度,将有助于内在生物降解能力的增强,从而能够提高含水层中污染物去除的效果.  相似文献   

3.
污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水影响的室内模拟试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了研究污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水的影响,室内试验选用3种天然砂土作为渗透介质,以生活污水模拟污染河流,68d以后发现,苯、甲苯和苯系物总量的总去除率在粗砂中分别为32.06%、21.39%和27.13%。在两种中砂中总去除率2号柱为76.26%、81.40%和87.99%,3号柱为68.94%、74.41%和81.69%,粗砂小于中砂,并且由于2号柱的粘粒物质含量大,其总去除率大于3号柱和1号柱。苯系物各组分浓度随深度呈递减趋势,苯系物的净化作用主要发生在地表以下0.4m范围内。水动力特征的改变影响污染物的迁移和转化特征,苯系物的去除机理为挥发、吸附和生物降解,其中最主要的是厌氧条件下的微生物降解。  相似文献   

4.
空气扰动技术修复氯苯污染地下水的影响因素研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
通过实验室一维砂柱模拟研究了不同影响因素下空气扰动技术(air sparging,AS)修复氯苯污染地下水的效果,包括介质渗透性、曝气方式、共存污染物、残余饱和态氯苯。结果表明:介质渗透性极大地影响着AS的效果,渗透系数越大,去除效果越好。对渗透系数为10-5m/s数量级及其以下的介质应用AS较为困难;在曝气时间相同的情况下,对于渗透系数为5.1×10-4m/s的中砂,脉冲曝气较连续曝气效果好,对于渗透系数为6.2×10-3m/s的粗砂,2种曝气方式效果相仿;苯和氯苯共存时各污染物的去除存在协同作用;AS对残余饱和态氯苯的去除存在着明显的拖尾效应。  相似文献   

5.
石油类污染场地的自然衰减作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在野外石油类污染场地地质、水文地质调查的基础上,对场地地下水中总石油烃的吸附、生物降解等自然衰减作用进行研究。开展了砂质粉土、粉砂、细砂等场地包气带、含水层介质对总石油烃的吸附动力学实验、等温吸附实验、不同矿化度吸附实验、生物降解实验和挥发实验等。实验结果显示,砂质粉土、粉砂、细砂的吸附平衡时间分别为4、7和10 h;通过计算确定了每种介质对总石油烃的等温吸附模型。矿化度对介质吸附总石油烃能力的影响表现为,矿化度越高吸附量越高。生物降解实验结果表明,在场地水土条件下,降解能力最强,且降解符合一级衰减动力学方程。研究表明,地下水受到污染后,吸附、降解、挥发等自然衰减作用对地下水石油类污染物的去除具有非常重要的作用。  相似文献   

6.
某石化污染场地含水层自然降解BTEX能力评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
地下水污染问题是国家关注的重要环境问题之一,监测与评估含水层自然降解污染物能力是防治地下水污染的基本手段,也是国外地下水中修复技术研究热点课题。以华北平原某石油化工类场地为案例,通过调查场地水文地质条件、土壤及地下水污染现状,监测场地地下水中苯系物(BTEX)浓度及相关化学参数变化,运用微生物水文地球化学方法和水文地质方法,估算了该场地含水层自然降解苯系物量。这一研究成果为评估我国石油类场地地下水污染的自然修复能力提供了实证和基础数据。  相似文献   

7.
河床含水系统对单环芳烃净化特征室内模拟   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了模拟长期排污河流中单环芳烃在地表水-地下水系统迁移转化规律以及不同含水介质和水动力条件对单环芳烃的净化特征, 室内土柱实验采用3种有代表性的天然砂土为研究对象, 以生活污水模拟纳污河流, 实验历时5个月.单环芳烃的自然净化作用主要发生在河床底下0.4m内, 垂直向下单环芳烃各组分浓度呈由高到低的分布特征; 粗砂对苯、甲苯和单环芳烃总量(TBETX) 总净化率分别为32.06%、21.39%和27.13%;中砂1分别为76.26%、81.40%、87.99%;中砂2分别为68.94%、74.41%、81.69%, 这表明, 河流污染初期河床底含水介质完全饱水, 含水介质颗粒尺寸越大, 对单环芳烃的净化率就越低, 单环芳烃容易迁移进入地下水中; 随着时间的延长, 河床底部淤泥层不断增加, 砂层中的水流处于非饱和状态, 淤泥层和含水介质系统对单环芳烃的净化能力较饱水流时大, 单环芳烃不容易迁移进入地下水.   相似文献   

8.
通过模拟 3种不同的浅层地下含水介质系统对排污河渠中磷去除实验 ,发现不同的含水介质对排污河渠中的总磷都有去除和净化的功能 ,并随着含水介质厚度的增加 ,总磷的去除率逐渐升高。不同的含水介质对总磷的去除效果不同 ,中砂对总磷的去除效果明显优于粗砂。去除磷的主要机理为吸附和沉淀 ,含水介质对磷去除的主要影响因素有介质的颗粒大小、不均匀系数、粘粒含量等。由于排污河渠长期的污水渗漏会在河床底部形成底泥 ,增强了对磷的去除效果 ,所以排污河渠一般不易造成对地下水的磷污染。  相似文献   

9.
污染河水中磷对浅层地下水的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
室内试验选用3种天然砂土作为渗透介质,以生活污水模拟排污河水,发现中砂(>92%)对总磷的去除效果明显好于粗砂(60%~80%),并且随渗透介质深度的增加总磷的去除率增加.磷的去除机理主要是吸附和沉淀,由于吸附作用很快达到饱和,所以沉淀反应是排污河中磷的最重要的去除机理.野外抽水的试验结果表明:凉水河中的总磷对地下水影响较小.虽然在排污河形成早期总磷在粗砂中会产生穿透,但随着时间的推移,由于河流底泥的形成,磷大部分被截留于底泥和介质内部,能够直接进入地下水的量很少.  相似文献   

10.
阿特拉津是研究区内广泛使用的旱田除草剂。为治理其污染的地下水 ,采用静态和动态实验的方法研究其在含水介质砂层中的吸附特性和在地下水中的迁移转化规律。实验结果表明 :砂层对阿特拉津的吸附量小 ,不同固液比 (1.0、0 .5、0 .2 )时的分配系数分别为 0 .10 ,0 .15 ,0 .19cm3 /g ;含水层的弥散度为 0 .0 336m ,阻滞因子为 1.2 9,自然净化系数为 0 .0 0 2 8/d。由此确定所建立的数学模型和参数 ,为研究区阿特拉津污染地下水的治理提供可靠的依据  相似文献   

11.
Air sparging is an emerging method used to remediate saturated soils and groundwater that have been contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). During air sparging, air is injected into the subsurface below the lowest known depth of contamination. Due to buoyancy, the injected air will rise through the zone of contamination. Through a variety of mechanisms, including volatilization and biodegradation, the air will serve to remove or help degrade the contaminants. The contaminant-laden air will continue to rise towards the ground surface, eventually reaching the vadose zone, where the vapours are collected and treated using a soil vapour extraction (SVE) system.Air sparging performance and ultimately contaminant removal efficiency is highly dependent on the pattern and type of subsurface air flow. This paper presents the results of a laboratory experimental study which investigated the injected air flow pattern development within an aquifer simulation apparatus. The test apparatus consisted of a tank measuring 61 cm long by 25.4 cm wide by 38.1 cm high. The apparatus was equipped with one air injection well and two vapour extracton wells. Three different soils were used to simulate different aquifer conditions, including a sand, a fine gravel and a medium gravel. Experiments were performed with different injected air pressures combined with different vacuum and groundwater flow conditions. Experiments were also conducted by injecting air into simulated shallow aquifers with different thicknesses. The air flow patterns observed were found to depend significantly on the soil type, groundwater flow conditions and system controls, including injected air pressure, flow rate and applied vacuum. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998  相似文献   

12.
Three dimensional lithologic modeling techniques have been used for detailed characterization and groundwater flow modeling of the Quaternary aquifer system of the Sohag area, Egypt. Well log data were used for building the lithologic model using RockWorks. A groundwater flow model, facilitated by MODFLOW 2000, was built using results of the lithologic model. The obtained lithologic model honored the well log data and revealed a complex sedimentary system, which is mainly composed of six lithologic categories: clay, clay and sand, fine sand, coarse sand, sand and gravel, and gravel. Inter-fingering and presence of lenses are the main characteristics of the sedimentary basin in the study area. A wide range of hydraulic conductivities is present, which vary spatially and control the groundwater flow. Heterogeneity of the aquifer system is spatially represented where different hydraulic conductivities are found in the different directions. Sandy layers tend to be connected. Hydraulic continuity is represented by inter-fingering and connection of sandy materials within the aquifer system.  相似文献   

13.
芳香烃污染地下水以其污染普遍、危害巨大、去除困难及治理费用昂贵而倍受各国环境学者及水文地质学者的关注。以苯及甲苯作为标示污染物,利用室内饱水含水层土柱,通过对污染带的模拟实验发现,苯和甲苯在反硝化条件下产生生物降解,二者的去除率分别大于77%和88%;反硝化条件下,苯和甲苯显示出降解性差异,甲苯更易于降解;硫酸还原作用可能是苯和甲苯被去除的另一机理,但实验结果显示,NO-3高时,对硫酸还原菌的生长具有抑制作用。  相似文献   

14.
    岩溶含水系统遭受石油烃污染的环境问题十分普遍。相对于多孔含水介质,石油烃BTEX在石灰岩含水介质中的生 物可降解性还不确定。为此,本研究开展了BTEX在石灰石和岩溶地下水介质中的静态微元体实验。经过77天的实验检测 分析,结果表明:(1) BTEX化合物在可利用电子受体溶解氧或硝酸盐存在条件下具有生物可降解性;(2) 向系统中补充 电子受体硝酸盐,具有促进生物降解的作用,其对BTEX的去除率可高达94%;(3) 未发现补充硫酸盐能够促进BTEX生物 可降解性;(4) 甲苯和二甲苯容易被生物降解,但苯的去除具有一定的难度。  相似文献   

15.
A 480-square-mile region within Will County, in northeastern Illinois, was used as a test region for the development of a methodology to map the sensitivity of aquifers to contamination. An aquifer sensitivity model was developed using a geographic information system (GIS) to overlay and combine several data layers. The components used for our model are: (1) depth to sand and gravel or bedrock, (2) thickness of the uppermost sand and gravel aquifer, (3) glacial drift thickness, and (4) bedrock geology. The model is an improvement over many previous aquifer sensitivity models because it combines specific information on depth to the uppermost aquifer with information on the thickness of the uppermost sand and gravel aquifer. This county-wide model results in an aquifer sensitivity map that can be a useful tool for making land-use planning decisions regarding aquifer protection and management of groundwater resources.  相似文献   

16.
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) is one of the most common pollutants in landfill leachate that impacts shallow drinking groundwater quality; accordingly, the transport mechanism and capacity for remediation of this compound are important to the management of local water resource. In this study, a series of indoor experiments and analytical predictions revealed that the transportation of 1,2,4-TCB in groundwater is similar in medium sand and fine sand. Specifically, the peak time increases with distance between monitoring points and the source point, but the peak relative concentrations decrease with distance, indicating that the concentration of 1,2,4-TCB in groundwater is controlled by adsorption and biodegradation. In addition, transportation of water in a fine sand column was lower than that in a medium sand column; therefore, the adsorption and biodegradation of 1,2,4-TCB in groundwater was lower in the medium sand column. These findings demonstrate that 1,2,4-TCB in groundwater could be removed by natural degradation after about 5 years, but that other methods (permeable reactive barriers, air sparging or biosparging) should be applied in the field to shorten the remediation period and enhance water supply safety around landfill.  相似文献   

17.
马振民  陈鸿汉 《地球科学》2000,25(5):472-476
通过对泰安市第四系水文地质结构研究发现, 浅层地下水的污染受地层结构的控制, 在包气带岩性及含水层岩性相同的条件下, 包气带的厚度越大, 其防污性能越高, 含水层遭受污染的程度越小; 在地面环境质量及包气带岩性和厚度相近的条件下, 粗砂含水层较粉质粘土含水层更易遭受污染   相似文献   

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