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1.
Computer-assisted analyses of more than 600 radiocarbon-dated sea-level indicators from northwestern Europe, concentrated around the North Sea margin, indicate that vertical crustal movements are more important that eustatic sea-level change in determining the locus of Holocene shoreline positions through time. For the past 14,000 radiocarbon years, the divergence of sea-level data for the northwest European sectors exceeds the maximum estimated sea-level rise by a factor of two or more. Projecting these data to a single meridian demonstrates the remarkable variety of vertical crustal movement in northwestern Europe.Accumulating radiocarbon-dated sea-level indicators into millennial cohorts, we generate isobase maps which begin to specify areas of notable vertical crustal mobility. These isobase maps appear to confirm that eustatic sea-level rise is subordinate to postglacial geoidal excursions in determining the locus of contemporary northwestern European shorelines.  相似文献   

2.
The platform and fringing reefs of Torres Strait are morphologically similar to reefs of the northern Great Barrier Reef to the south, except that several are elongated in the direction of the strong tidal currents between the Coral Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Surface and subsurface investigations and radiocarbon dating on Yam, Warraber and Hammond Islands reveal that the initiation and mode of Holocene reef growth reflect antecedent topography and sea-level history. On the granitic Yam Island, fringing reefs have established in some places over a Pleistocene limestone at about 6 m depth around 7000 years BP. Emergent Holocene microatolls of Porites sp. indicate that the reefs have prograded seawards while sea level has fallen gradually from at least 0.8 m above present about 5800 years BP. On the Warraber Island reef platform drilling near the centre indicated a Pleistocene limestone foundation at a depth of about 6 m over which reefs established around 6700 years BP. Reef growth lagged behind that on Yam Island. Microatolls on the mature reef flat indicate that the reef reached sea level around 5300 years BP when the sea was around 0.8–1.0 m above present. On the reef flat on the western side of Hammond Island bedrock was encountered at 7–8 m depth, overlain by terrigenous mud. A progradational reef sequence of only 1–2 m thickness has built seaward over these muds, as sea level has fallen over the past 5800 years. Reef-flat progradation on these reefs is interpreted to have occurred by a series of stepwise buildouts marked by lines of microatolls parallel to the reef crest, marking individual coalescing coral heads. Detrital infill has occurred between these. This pattern of reef progradation is consistent with the radiocarbon dating results from these reefs, and with seismic investigations on the Torres Reefs.  相似文献   

3.
Un-recrystallized fossil corals occurring at 2–6 m above the present mean low-tide level on the Saurashtra coast (Western India) have been dated by 230Th/234U and 234U/236U radiometric methods. The measured ages of the corals, which are in agreement with radiocarbon ages, fall in three groups, 6,000, 30,000 and 120,000 years before present. This observation, coinciding with the high sea-level stands reported in several locations in the world, in the absence of evidence in support of instability of Saurashtra coast, suggests that the coral reefs are remnants of one Holocene and two Quaternary high sea-level stands.  相似文献   

4.
全新世高海面何在   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10  
夏东兴 《海洋学报》1981,3(4):601-609
近几年来,国内不少同志从不同的方面论述了不同地点全新世中期高海面的问题[1-3] 1).此问题的提出可以追溯到本世纪初,1920年R.A.Daly发现印度洋和太平洋的一些地方有高于平均海面约6米的新鲜珊瑚礁阶地.众所周知,珊瑚只能生长在低潮位附近,因此他推论在近代时期发生了世界性的洋面下降.而且,他用冰川控制的观点解释这种现象,认为气候较今温暖的大西洋期的海面比现在高6米[4].后来,又有人在澳大利亚、北非、日本等地亦发现同期高海面的遗迹.另外,一些人则不同意此高海面的说法.如H.N.Fisk(1951)、J.M.Coleman和W.G.Smith(1964)等人根据对墨西哥湾沿岸的研究,他们看到海湾沿岸新老海滩沉积物之间的差别甚微,应用地貌学的原则及C14的测年资料,得出5,000年以来海平面并无变化的结论.  相似文献   

5.
We present new sea-level data from the coasts of southern Tunisia, between the Gulf of Gabès and the Libyan border. The work tests, previously, published evidence on Holocene shorelines, and confirmed that a distinct emergence has occurred in this area during this time. The emergence peak lies at least 186 ± 11 cm above present and is inferred from: (1) AMS radiocarbon dates of subtidal vermetids and boring shells collected in growth position, and (2) careful assessment of tidal heights. Maximum emergence took place between about 6000 and 5000 14C years BP; it cannot be ascribed to tectonics and is probably related to post-glacial hydro-isostatic effects. It challenges the inference of a 3-m global sea-level rise since 6000 years BP due to residual Antarctic melting.  相似文献   

6.
Elkhorn Slough is California's second largest estuary and the United States' first estuarine sanctuary. It occupies the western reaches of Elkhorn Valley, a relic river valley eroded by drainage pouring out of the Santa Clara and/or Great Valley of California into Monterey Bay during the early Pleistocene. During the mid-late Pleistocene Elkhorn Valley was tectonically truncated from its headwaters by right-lateral movement along the San Andreas Fault.During the last glacial maximum, 16–18 × 103 years before present (b.p), local drainage in Elkhorn Valley incised a stream channel at least 29 m below present day sea-level, as its base level was progressively lowered. With the ensuing Holocene sea-level rise, marine waters invaded this incised channel, floored with non-marine sandy gravels, creating a high-energy tidal inlet at the mouth of Elkhorn Slough approximately 8000 years b.p. As sea-level continued to rise, the main channel of Elkhorn Slough became filled by an estuarine, fining-upward sequence characterized by progressively shallower, lower-energy deposits. A quiet water estuary, considerably larger than the present-day Elkhorn Slough, existed approximately 3000 years b.p. As the Slough was slowly filling, salt marshes developed along its landward margins and have progressively advanced toward the center of the Slough during the past 5000 years.Historical records indicate numerous natural changes in the Elkhorn Slough vicinity. In the mid-1850s a.d. Elkhorn Slough was a minor tributary to the much larger Pajaro-Salinas River system which shared a common entrance to the Pacific Ocean north of Moss Landing. In 1909 winter storms modified the course of the Salinas River to its present location south of Moss Landing, while Elkhorn Slough persisted as a tributary to the Old Salinas River channel. Construction of jetties at the Moss Landing Harbor in 1946 provided a direct link between the Pacific Ocean and Elkhorn Slough. At this time, salt marshes began to retreat from the axis of Elkhorn Slough as it evolved into its present form as a relatively stable estuarine embayment. Had the jetties not been installed, Elkhorn Slough would have likely evolved into a freshwater wetland and eventually into a dry alluvial valley within 2000 years. The future fate of Elkhorn Slough will undoubtedly be controlled by relative sea-level changes, sediment supply, and human activities.  相似文献   

7.
福建沿岸6000年来的海平面波动   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  
本文通过35个~(14)C测年数据进行评价,建立一条福建省沿岸过去6000年海平面变化曲线,该线表明海平面在现代位置上下呈振荡性变化,最高和最低海平面分别出现距今5000年前和4000年前左右,海平面高度分别为约+2m,-2m。  相似文献   

8.
The phosphatic cement in the bioclastic sediment sequence on the northeastern shore of Dongdao Island in the South China Sea was studied and its paleoenvironmental implications discussed. Petrological characteristics and major, trace, REE element data unequivocally supported the notion that phosphatization was closely associated with avian guano decomposition and leaching, whereas carbon and oxygen isotope results further revealed that meteoric water were involved in these processes. AMS 14C dates on the brown phosphate cements indicate that they were formed around 5700, 5000–5100 and 2900 yr BP, respectively. The multi-episodes of phosphatization very likely correspond to intermittent seabird occupation on this island — possibly reflecting Holocene sea-level oscillation and/or long term climate changes in the South China Sea that have controlled seabird habitat. The phosphate cementation, which occurs widely in tropical islands, may be another useful monitor for sea-level and/or paleoclimate changes.  相似文献   

9.
杨达源 《海洋科学》1985,9(5):11-14
泥炭生成于沼泽湿地之中,沼泽湿地的形成则需要特定的地形、水文与生物等条件,因而泥炭在环境变迁研究中有它独特的指示意义。沿海平原地带沼泽湿地的形成与附近湖、河水位及其海面高度(尤其是潮位高度)有密切的关系,因而沿海平原地带沉积地层中的泥炭夹层,它的成因属性、层厚及其层位高度等,常用来作为海面变化分析研究中的一种重要依据。  相似文献   

10.
Cores from Holocene reefs provided a growth history and species-level identification of corals and demonstrated the most important reef builders during the formation stage. This knowledge is important to determine a principle for reef formation and to provide preservation plans in the near future. A biological and sedimentological study of sediment cores recovered from the Palau Islands and Yoron Island, northwest Pacific, revealed four major facies: corymbose Acropora, arborescent Acropora, massive Porites, and detritus. Species-level observations show that arborescent Acropora (A. muricata and A. intermedia) contributed to reef growth under low- to moderate-energy conditions, whereas corymbose and tabular Acropora (A. digitifera, A. hyacinthus, and A. robusta/A. abrotanoides) and I. palifera were key species for reef formation under high-energy conditions during Holocene sea-level rise and the ensuing period of sea-level stability. Once sea level had stabilized, massive Porites became restricted to areas subjected to low-energy, turbid conditions. These key species are successful corals because the ecological strategy is rapid growth, determinate growth, a high degree of colony integration, strongly resistant to wave action, and rapid local dispersion via fragmentation. Moreover, the western boundary current (Kuroshio) flows along the reefs in the northwest Pacific and it is easy for key species to distribute throughout the region during the period of Holocene sea-level rise and stabilization. These features are a principle for reef formation during sea-level changes. These key species played a significant role in Holocene reef formation in the northwest Pacific; however, coral mortality, caused by climate change, has recently been widely reported. Moreover, the decrease in key species abundance in present-day reefs has been more severe than that in any other species. These geological findings have important implications regarding the appropriate use of coral transplantation and decisions regarding the optimal location and size of marine protected areas.  相似文献   

11.
A suite of organic geochemical, micropaleontological and palynological proxies was applied to sediments from Southwest Florida, to study the Holocene environmental changes associated with sea-level rise. Sediments were recovered from Hillsborough Bay, part of Tampa Bay, and studied using biomarkers, pollen, organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts and diatoms. Analyses show that the site flooded around 7.5 ka as a consequence of Holocene transgression, progressively turning a fresh/brackish marl-marsh into a shallow, restricted marine environment. Immediately after the marine transgression started, limited water circulation and high amounts of runoff caused stratification of the water column. A shift in dinocysts and diatom assemblages to more marine species, increasing concentrations of marine biomarkers and a shift in the Diol Index indicate increasing salinity between 7.5 ka and the present, which is likely a consequence of progressing sea-level rise. Reconstructed sea surface temperatures for the past 4 kyrs are between 25 and 26 ° C, and indicate stable temperatures during the Late Holocene. A sharp increase in sedimentation rate in the top ∼50 cm of the core is attributed to human impact. The results are in agreement with parallel studies from the area, but this study further refines the environmental reconstructions having the advantage of simultaneously investigating changes in the terrestrial and marine environment.  相似文献   

12.
Sediment vibracores and surface samples were collected from the mixed carbonate/siliciclastic inner shelf of west–central Florida in an effort to determine the three-dimensional facies architecture and Holocene geologic development of the coastal barrier-island and adjacent shallow marine environments. The unconsolidated sediment veneer is thin (generally <3 m), with a patchy distribution. Nine facies are identified representing Miocene platform deposits (limestone gravel and blue–green clay facies), Pleistocene restricted marine deposits (lime mud facies), and Holocene back-barrier (organic muddy sand, olive-gray mud, and muddy sand facies) and open marine (well-sorted quartz sand, shelly sand, and black sand facies) deposits. Holocene back-barrier facies are separated from overlying open marine facies by a ravinement surface formed during the late Holocene rise in sea level. Facies associations are naturally divided into four discrete types. The pattern of distribution and ages of facies suggest that barrier islands developed approximately 8200 yr BP and in excess of 20 km seaward of the present coastline in the north, and more recently and nearer to their present position in the south. No barrier-island development prior to approximately 8200 yr BP is indicated. Initiation of barrier-island development is most likely due to a slowing in the Holocene sea-level rise ca. 8000 yr BP, coupled with the intersection of the coast with quartz sand deposits formed during Pleistocene sea-level highstands. This study is an example of a mixed carbonate/siliciclastic shallow marine depositional system that is tightly constrained in both time and sea-level position. It provides a useful analog for the study of other, similar depositional systems in both the modern and ancient rock record.  相似文献   

13.
The paper evaluates the usefulness of pteropods in palaeobathymetric synthesis along the southwestern continental shelf of India. Core samples collected from the shelf off north Kerala (SW coast of India) were studied for faunal assemblages (pteropods and foraminifers), calcium carbonate contents and lithological characteristics. A fundamental precept for considering any organism as a bathometer is that it should be highly sensitive to changing water depths. To ascertain this, the bathymetric distribution patterns of modern pteropods as well as planktonic and benthic foraminifers were recorded in core-top samples. The results reveal that certain pteropod species (Limacina inflata, Creseis acicula, Creseis virgula, and Creseis chierchiae) are highly depth sensitive. The response of these species to depth changes was assessed in terms of the L. inflata and Creseis spp. abundance ratio. A model for the relationship between water depths and the L. inflata/Creseis spp. ratio is proposed for the southwestern shelf of India. Variations of benthic/planktonic foraminifers (BF/PF) and pteropods/planktonic foraminifers (Pt/PF) in the modern sediments were also found to be depth controlled. Two sediment cores, representing the last 36,000 and 23,000 years, were collected to investigate past sea-level changes. These cores comprised two distinct lithological units, the upper unit corresponding to the Holocene, and the lower unit to the last glacial period. The L. inflata/Creseis spp. model was successfully applied to the fossil record for reconstructing the palaeobathymetry of the shelf study locations. Down-core variations in the BF/PF and Pt/PF ratios support these inferred sea-level changes. Major periods of sea-level oscillations were also found to have a strong influence on the calcium carbonate distribution. For both core sites, the palaeobathymetric curves reflect consistency in terms of changing sea level. The results suggest that the sea level stood around 100 m below the present mean sea level during the last glacial maximum. A rapid rise in sea level was documented between 15 and 10 ka B.P. The sea-level rise has been slower since 7 ka B.P.  相似文献   

14.
1Introduction Since the last glacial maximum, the Holocenehas been marked by a rapid rise in sea level. After6 000 a BP, the present-day level was reached andthe rate of sea-level rise (SLR) decreased rapidly(Morzadec -Kerfourn, 1974; Kidson, 1986 ).These…  相似文献   

15.
B_2孔揭示海河口地区全新世海侵层厚达19.2m,自下往上依次出现潮间滩、近岸浅海、前三角洲、三角洲湾、河口砂坝及河口边滩六个亚相,下部两个亚相呈海进层序,上部四个亚相呈海退层序。除河口边滩亚相底界外,其他所有亚相间的界面均为不连续面,显示海侵层为不连续沉积。研究表明该不连续沉积与海面波动有关.在全新世海侵高峰后,海面一直处于幅度不大(约1m 左右)的振荡运动状态,一次振荡波就在海岸线上留下一道贝壳堤,近5000余年来发生了5次振荡波,在海退平原中就有5道贝克堤与之对应。B_2孔海退层序中曲不连续面与贝壳堤基底侵蚀面相对应,也与振荡波的上升坡段相对应。海退层序所表现出来的海岸向海推进现象不是海面大幅度下降的反映,而主要是河口区沉积物迅速加积的结果。  相似文献   

16.
王龙  王张华  李翠玉 《海洋学报》2022,44(9):109-123
重建高质量的全新世相对海平面变化曲线,可为海岸带人类社会科学预测及应对未来海平面上升风险提供重要的地质历史依据和长时间尺度的数据参考。目前已发表了多条福建海岸带全新世相对海平面变化曲线,然而已有曲线反映的相对海平面变化历史存在较大差异,甚至是矛盾结果。同时,相对海平面长期变化机制及影响因素也不明确。本研究收集、整理了福建沿海已发表的全新世相对海平面数据,对已有数据的年代、高程、指示意义等属性信息进行重新检查和校正,根据国际方法体系,建立了该区域一个标准化的全新世“相对海平面数据库”,共包括海平面数据183个。在此基础上,采用“变量误差–综合高斯（EIV-IGP）”统计学模型,提出了一条新的福建沿海全新世相对海平面变化曲线。并应用“冰川–水均衡调整”（GIA）理论,开展了相对海平面变化GIA模拟。最后,综合相对海平面变化地质记录及GIA模拟结果,得出以下结论:（1）福建沿海距今11.28～7.08 cal ka,相对海平面由（–23.55±6.94）m快速连续上升至（–1.51±1.80）m;距今7.08～4.08 cal ka,相对海平面由（–1.51±1.80）m缓慢上升至约（1.09±1.38）m;距今3.48 cal ka前后,相对海平面高于现代海平面约（1.35±1.23）m;此后,波动下降并逐渐接近现代位置;（2）“冰川–水均衡调整”作用是福建全新世相对海平面变化的主要长期作用机制;距今11.28～7.00 cal ka,相对海平面变化主要受冰盖融水控制;距今7.00 cal ka以来,“水均衡调整”作用逐渐占据主导;（3）福建沿海中–晚全新世（距今6.75～0.16 cal ka）期间,存在高于现今海面位置的“高海平面”现象;不同于传统构造运动主导观点,研究认为GIA引起的“陆地掀斜”和“海洋虹吸”作用,可能是该区域“高海平面”现象产生的主要原因;（4）福建沿海全新世相对海平面变化,存在一定程度的空间差异。不同岸段之间的沉积物压实、差异性构造运动和潮差变化等非GIA因素,可能是这一现象产生的重要原因。  相似文献   

17.
Fossil assemblages of foraminifera and thecamoebians from three salt-marsh cores recovered at Korphos, Greece, provided evidence for five transgression events since the mid Holocene. Marsh accretion rates based on radiocarbon-dated peat and geomorphic evidence from a series of discrete, v-shaped, submerged tidal notches indicated that these transgression events were rapid and episodic. Correlation of the tidal notches with the transgression horizons in the salt-marsh stratigraphy revealed a stepwise pattern of relative sea-level change at Korphos, which is best explained by coseismic subsidence related to fault displacement (earthquakes) associated with the Hellenic subduction zone. A comparison between the Korphos data and a model of Holocene sea-level change for the Peloponnesus reinforces this interpretation as sea-level rose in a series of jumps by amounts greater than accounted for by eustatic and glacio-hydro-isostatic factors (up to ~ 2.0 m). This study illustrates that by combining microfossil, sedimentary and geomorphic records of past sea-level change, problems frequently encountered with each record individually (e.g. dating submerged notches and autocompaction of marsh sediments) may be overcome.  相似文献   

18.
The development of an analytical expression to describe the natural variation of global temperature and related climatic variables over periods from a few years or less to over a billion years is shown and seen to match the variation of eustatic sea-level over similar periods. An additional anthropogenic factor to take the greenhouse effect into account is added to this natural climatic variation giving close correlation between the combined natural-plus-anthropogenic model of global temperature variation and its observed history over the past century. This provides grounds for confidence in the subsequent deterministic forecast for the combined model and its sea-level counterpart of, for instance, about 0.7m rise by 2050AD.A tentative physical explanation of the natural climate model is given invoking the possibility that the Universal Gravitational Constant (G) may, in fact, be a variable. In parallel, the anthropogenic climate model is underlined by alluding to a theoretical explanation of the population growth mechanism which largely drives it. The interactive nature of the impact of man on sea-level rise and vice versa is stressed.  相似文献   

19.
《Marine Geology》2001,172(3-4):331-358
Analyses of over 6600 km of reflection seismic profiles on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea permit the recognition of four Quaternary high-frequency type 1 sequences of the 4th order, deposited during the past ca. 690 kyr. At the present-day shelf edge, only lowstand systems tracts characterised by a prograding clinoformal internal reflection pattern are preserved. The prograding complexes can be considered as regressive units accumulated during relative sea-level falls. They exhibit internal discontinuities which might point to minor sea-level fluctuations of the 5th order. A preliminary regional relative sea-level curve for the past 630 kyr is established using the present positions of the delta fronts mapped. The neotectonics curve derived by subtracting eustatic sea-level changes from the relative sea-level curve shows that the depths of the delta fronts today are controlled primarily by regional tectonic movements and the global sea-level.Our seismo-stratigraphic interpretation documents that the area off Hong Kong and around the Dongsha Islands experienced two uplift episodes during the past 5 ma, namely at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary and at the end of the lower Middle Pleistocene, respectively. These uplift events which are centred on the Dongsha Rise led to its subaerial exposure and to the erosion of the Pliocene and most of the Pleistocene strata. The change from thermal subsidence of the continental margin initiated at the end of the drift phase to the phase of magmato-tectonic uplift was caused by a reorientation of the tectonic regime.The Recent depositional environment on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea is dominated by sediment accumulation within the inner shelf and the Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuary. The outer shelf and upper slope, especially around the Dongsha Islands, are characterised by bypass of terrigenous material.The sedimentary column in the deepsea basin has a thickness of more than 2 km and comprises 14 depositional units starting with terrestrial rift deposits. It overlies oceanic as well as transitional crust.  相似文献   

20.
Based on a high-resolution sediment record from a submarine meandering canyon system offshore the present-day hyperarid Saharan Africa, two phases of turbidity-current activity can be distinguished during the past 13,000 years. Frequent, siliciclastic turbidity currents can be related to deglacial sea-level history, whereas rhythmically recurring fine-grained and carbonate-rich turbidity currents with recurrence times of roughly 900 years are inferred for the Holocene. Various trigger mechanisms can be considered to initiate turbidity currents, but only a few can explain a periodic turbidite activity. A comparison of Holocene turbidite recurrence times and basic cycles of 900 and 1,800 years found in various Holocene paleoclimate studies suggests that a previously unrecognized climate-related coupling may be active.  相似文献   

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