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1.
On 19 March 2013, a tremor shook the surface of Polkowice town where the Rudna Mine is located. This event, of ML = 4.2, was the third most powerful seismic event recorded in the Legnica G?ogów Copper District (LGCD). Inhabitants of the area reported that the felt tremor was bigger and lasted longer than any other ones felt in the last couple of years. Analysis of spectral parameters of the records from in-mine seismic system and surface LUMINEOS network along with broadband station KSP record were carried out. The location of the event was close to the Rudna G?ówna Fault zone; the nodal planes orientations determined with two different approaches were almost parallel to the strike of the fault. The mechanism solutions were also obtained as Full Moment Tensor from P-wave amplitude pulses of underground records and waveform inversion of surface network seismograms. The results from the seismic analysis along with macroseismic survey and observed effects from the destroyed part of the mining panel indicate that the mechanism of the event was complex rupture initiated as thrust faulting on an inactive tectonic normal fault zone. The results confirm that the fault zones are the areas of higher risk, even in case of carefully taken mining operations. 相似文献
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Memory of a stochastic process implies its predictability, understood as a possibility to gain information on the future above
the random guess level. Here we search for memory in the mining-induced seismic process (MIS), that is, a process induced
or triggered by mining operations. Long memory is investigated by means of the Hurst rescaled range analysis, and the autocorrelation
function estimate is used to test for short memory. Both methods are complemented with result uncertainty analyses based on
different resampling techniques. The analyzed data comprise event series from Rudna copper mine in Poland. The studies show
that the interevent time and interevent distance processes have both long and short memory. MIS occurrences and locations
are internally interrelated. Internal relations among the sizes of MIS events are apparently weaker than those of other two
studied parameterizations and are limited to long term interactions. 相似文献
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Beata Orlecka-Sikora Eleftheria E. Papadimitriou Grzegorz Kwiatek 《Acta Geophysica》2009,57(2):413-434
We applied the Coulomb stress transfer technique to investigate interactions among seismic events induced by mining works
in the Rudna mine in the Legnica-Glogów Copper District in Poland. We considered events with energy greater than 105 J from the period 1993–1999.
We examined the influence of the cumulative static stress changes (ΔCFF) due to previous events on the generation of subsequent
ones. The results indicate that in many cases strong mining tremors produce changes in the state of stress of a sufficient
magnitude to influence subsequent events. The location of over 60% of events is consistent with stress-enhanced areas where
the values of ΔCFF were above 0.01 MPa. For most of the events located inside areas of a calculated negative ΔCFF, their modelled
rupture zone was partially located inside stress enhanced area, providing thus additional evidence for possible triggering
at the nucleation point. 相似文献
5.
Hard coal mining in the area of the Bytom Syncline (Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland) has been associated with the occurrence of high-energy seismic events (up to 109 J; local magnitude up to 4.0), which have been recorded by the local mining seismological network and regional seismological network. It has been noticed that the strongest seismic events occur when the mine longwall alignments coincide with the syncline axis. Data recorded by the improved local seismic network in the Bobrek Mine allow the estimation of the depths of the events’ hypocentres during excavation of longwall panel 3 as it approached the syncline axis. The recorded data were also used to estimate the location of the rupture surface and stress distribution in the seismic focus region. It was concluded that tectonic stresses, particularly horizontal stress components, are essential in the distribution of seismic tremors resulting from reverse faulting. The stresses induced by mining activity are only triggering tectonic deformations. The hypocentres of the strongest seismic events during mining of longwall panel 3/503 were located 300–800 m deeper than the level of coal seam 503. 相似文献
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本文运用分维的概念和方法,对我国部分强震前地震活动时间分维,前震震群活动时间分维,7级以上大地震的余震活动时间分维和小震群活动时间分维进行了计算。初步结果表明,同一类型的地震活动(如强震前较大时空范围内地震活动、强震的余震、前震震群、小震群等类型)的时间分维十分相近,而不同类型地震活动的时间分维存在着差异,一般说来,强震前的地震活动比较普遍地存在降维现象,表现出临近强震时,震源及附近地区地震活动时间结构的有序性增强。这为地震预报开辟了一个新的途径。 相似文献
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《Journal of Geodynamics》2003,35(1-2):173-189
The special type of intraplate microseismicity with swarm-like occurrence of earthquakes within the Vogtland/NW-Bohemian Region is analysed to reveal the nature and the origin of the seismogenic regime. The long-term data set of continuous seismic monitoring since 1962, including more than 26000 events within a range of about 5 units of local magnitude, provides an unique database for statistical investigations. Most earthquakes occur in narrow hypocentral volumes (clusters) within the lower part of the upper crust, but also single event occurrence outside of spatial clusters is observed. Temporal distribution of events is concentrated in clusters (swarms), which last some days until few month in dependence of intensity. Since 1962 three strong swarms occurred (1962, 1985/86, 2000), including two seismic cycles. Spatial clusters are distributed along a fault system of regional extension (Leipzig-Regensburger Störung), which is supposed to act as the joint tectonic fracture zone for the whole seismogenic region. Seismicity is analysed by fractal analysis, suggesting a unifractal behaviour of seismicity and uniform character of seismotectonic regime for the whole region. A tendency of decreasing fractal dimension values is observed for temporal distribution of earthquakes, indicating an increasing degree of temporal clustering from swarm to swarm. Following the idea of earthquake triggering by magma intrusions and related fluid and gas release into the tectonically pre-stressed parts of the crust, a steady increased intensity of intrusion and/or fluid and gas release might account for that observation. Additionally, seismic parameters for Vogtland/NW-Bohemia intraplate seismicity are compared with an adequate data set of mining-induced seismicity in a nearby mine of Lubin/Poland and with synthetic data sets to evaluate parameter estimation. Due to different seismogenic regime of tectonic and induced seismicity, significant differences between b-values and temporal dimension values are observed. Most significant for intraplate seismicity are relatively low fractal dimension values for temporal distribution. That observation reflects the strong degree of temporal earthquake clustering, which might explain the episodic character of earthquake swarms and support the idea of push-like triggering of earthquake avalanches by intruding magma. 相似文献
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V. B. Smirnov A. V. Ponomarev T. I. Kartseva V. O. Mikhailov R. K. Chadha F. Aidarov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(4):641-651
The seismological data in the area of induced seismicity in the region of the Nurek reservoir are analyzed. The analysis is based on the developed database for the earthquakes that occurred from 1955 to 1989 and is aimed at finding the regularities in the variations of the parameters of the transitional seismic regime caused by filling a reservoir. These parameters include the b-value—the slope of the graph of the Gutenberg–Richter frequency–magnitude relationship, the fractal dimension d of the set of the epicenters, and fracture cycle parameter q = αb ? d, where coefficient α determines the ratio between the magnitude and source size M = α log l + β. It is shown that during the filling of a reservoir, these parameters undergo statistically reliable variations: at the initial stages, the b-value increases, the fractal dimension of the set of epicenters decreases, and the fracture cycle parameter q grows and becomes positive in the middle of the time interval of reservoir filling. After a reservoir is filled, these parameters recover their background values. The aftershock sequences of the three strongest earthquakes—before, in the beginning, and in the middle of the reservoir filling period—are studied. It is confirmed that the Omori parameter p for the aftershock sequences during filling is smaller than for the earthquake before filling. Based on the dynamics of the studied parameters, it is conjectured that the relaxation time of the transitional seismic regime after the emergence of induced seismicity is about 10 years. 相似文献
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本文以标度变换法、相关函数法、最小二乘法分别计算时间分维D_t、空间分维D_s、强度分维D_m(b值),系统清理了云南地区1976年以来6级以上强震前时空强分维的变化特征,表明强震前的降维现象是普遍存在的,但各次强震前的异常三要素又表现出复杂的多样性。结果还表明,强震前小震活动在时间分布上的明显不均匀性主要表现在强震孕育地区,而在空间分布上的明显不均匀性却主要表现在强震孕育的外围地区。 相似文献
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Pankaj M. Bhattacharya J. R. Kayal Saurabh Baruah S. S. Arefiev 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(8-9):999-1012
We have imaged earthquake source zones beneath the northeast India region by seismic tomography, fractal dimension and b value mapping. 3D P-wave velocity (Vp) structure is imaged by the Local Earthquake Tomography (LET) method. High precision P-wave (3,494) and S-wave (3,064) travel times of 980 selected earthquakes, m d ≥ 2.5, are used. The events were recorded by 77 temporary/permanent seismic stations in the region during 1993–1999. By the LET method simultaneous inversion is made for precise location of the events as well as for 3D seismic imaging of the velocity structure. Fractal dimension and seismic b value has been estimated using the 980 LET relocated epicenters. A prominent northwest–southeast low Vp structure is imaged between the Shillong Plateau and Mikir hills; that reflects the Kopili fault. At the fault end, a high-Vp structure is imaged at a depth of 40 km; this is inferred to be the source zone for high seismic activity along this fault. A similar high Vp seismic source zone is imaged beneath the Shillong Plateau at 30 km depth. Both of the source zones have high fractal dimension, from 1.80 to 1.90, indicating that most of the earthquake associated fractures are approaching a 2D space. The spatial fractal dimension variation map has revealed the seismogenic structures and the crustal heterogeneities in the region. The seismic b value in northeast India is found to vary from 0.6 to 1.0. Higher b value contours are obtained along the Kopili fault (~1.0), and in the Shillong Plateau (~0.9) The correlation coefficient between the fractal dimension and b value is found to be 0.79, indicating that the correlation is positive and significant. To the south of Shillong Plateau, a low Vp structure is interpreted as thick (~20 km) sediments in the Bengal basin, with almost no seismic activity in the basin. 相似文献
11.
G. G. Kocharyan G. N. Ivanchenko S. B. Kishkina 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2016,52(4):606-620
Extensive data comprising about 1500 seismic events with the moment magnitudes MW from–3.5 to 9.2 have been analyzed for identifying the implications of the event size, the type of faulting in the source, and tectonic situations for the efficiency of the radiation. It is shown that there are several hierarchy levels with different patterns of scaling relationships describing the changes in the parameters of seismic events with the event size. This is due to the specificity of the hierarchy in the macroscopic characteristics of the rock mass. The size and mechanism of the earthquake determine the general trends in the variations of its radiation efficiency. The role of the macroscopic parameter controlling the efficiency of a seismic source is played by the stiffness of a fault or a fracture. The scaling relationship of this parameter determines several hierarchical levels within which the changes in the characteristics of the earthquakes follow the different laws. The huge scatter in the values of the scaled energy (the ratio of the radiated seismic energy to the seismic moment, energy-to-moment ratio) about the average requires additional study. Quite probably, the value of the scaled seismic energy is determined by the mesostructure and physicomechanical characteristics of the fault’s core. Small variations in these factors may lead to drastic changes in the stress drop amplitude and in the rupture propagation velocity up to the emergence of different regimes of deformation. 相似文献
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S. D’Amico D. Caccamo F. Parrillo C. Lagana F. M. Barbieri 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(4):317-326
The purpose of this work is to highlight some methodological aspects related to the observation of possible anomalies in the
temporal decay of aftershocks temporal series following a mainshock with magnitude M ≥ 7.0. In this paper we present the results for the Taiwan seismic sequence started on 20 September 1999 (M = 7.7) by tuning some seismic parameters that show considerable variations during the aftershock decay process. In here we
also present the results obtained using a fractal approach for the seismic sequence. Earthquakes belong to a class of phenomena
known as multifractals. In general it is important to define the fractal dimension D, but sometimes is not useful if we are describing a natural phenomenon; so it is necessary to define D
0 called box-counting dimension and D
2 called correlation dimension, usually D
0 ≥ D
2. In the elaborations of the fractal dimensions, for this sequence, we have obtained values lesser than 1, with a greater
tendency of aftershocks to clusterize in time before a large aftershock. This is coherent with the possible existence of seismic
anomalies, that could occur before the large aftershock. We also report the results obtained by using the delta/sigma method
described firstly in [Caccamo et al., 2005] and later applied to different seismic sequence. The observed temporal series
of the aftershocks per day can be considered as a sum of a deterministic and a stochastic contribution. If the decay can be
modeled as a non-stationary Poissonian process, the number of aftershocks in a small time interval Δt is the mean value n(t) Δt, with a standard deviation (δ = √n(t)Δt. Investigating both aftershock behavior and a wide spectrum of parameters may find the key to explain better the mechanism
of seismicity as a whole. 相似文献
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本文选取了汾渭地震带从1970年至1989年二十年的地震资料,对所发生地震的时间分维结构进行了研究。文中分别以两个月为一个单位和一年为一个单位计算了时间分维数,绘出了每两个月D_t随时间t的变化曲线和二十年中每年D_t随t的变化曲线。经过计算发现,多数较强地震前D_t值明显降低,在大同一阳高地震中表现较明显,震前1988年的时间分维值为0.1944,1989年9月计算出的分维值为0.1312。 相似文献
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Fractal research of fault gouge 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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采用关联维方法对台湾地区地震活动的空间特征进行了研究。先利用 10 0a来台湾的地震目录计算各个地震区、带的关联维数 ,将地震空间分布的分形特征定量表达出来 ,然后综合分析地震空间分布的关联维数和孕震构造环境之间的关系 ,得出了以下结论 :1)台湾东、西部地震区由于地震属于不同的大地构造单元 ,因此关联维数有较大的差异 ;2 )在各地震区内部的各个地震带由于板块构造、地壳结构、活断层分布上的差异 ,而具有与其构造特征相对应的关联维数 ;3)各地震带内部的各个不同的部位又由于不同的构造应力场 ,而导致地震分布上出现不同的丛集性 ,表现为不同的关联维数。这些结论充分说明通过关联维分析所得到的地震活动的空间图像与地震活动所代表的不同地质构造背景有着良好的对应关系 相似文献
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本文根据Mandelbrot提出的分形几何学观点,对海城、唐山和松潘三个大地震前后地震(ML3.0)序列,根据其时空分布的总体特征,分析了它们在时间和空间分布上的自相似结构,计算了各自的分维。结果表明:时空分布特征分别类似于一维Cantor集合或一维连续统(这里有图片19890303-251-1.jif)Cantor集合。并以大震发生为对称点,得到大震前后的分维明显不同。一般大震前,其时空分布具有较低的分维,震后偏高。本文认为,用分维定量描述地震时空分布的复杂性是一个较好的物理量,也许它对未来大震发生的时空预报将起重要作用。 相似文献
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A multifractal analysis of seismicity of three large earthquakes in Chile is made: the Central Zone 1985 (M W = 8.0), Antofagasta 1995 (M W = 8.1), and Maule 2010 (M W = 8.8) earthquakes. The analysis shows that the fractal dimension spectrum D q decreases with time before an earthquake. This fact suggests that the spatial distribution of seismic events could form a cluster before a main shock. 相似文献