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缓倾软硬岩互层边坡变形破坏机制模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以宜巴高速公路沿途彭家湾软硬岩互层边坡为工程依托,依据地质分析及相似理论建立缓倾软硬岩互层边坡室内模型,采用开挖试验及和注水软化试验来模拟实际中的工程开挖（或河谷下切）和雨水浸润软化过程,研究缓倾软硬岩互层边坡的变形破坏机制。结果表明：在开挖及雨水软化两种工况下,该类软硬岩互层边坡的变形模式都是前期的滑移拉裂变形和后期的整体蠕滑变形,破坏模式是以深部软层为滑动面的整体滑移;硬岩层与软岩层的变形情况略有不同,硬岩层以整体蠕滑变形为主,而软岩层以滑移拉裂变形为主;深部软岩层的状态变化对边坡的整体稳定性影响非常关键;工程开挖（河谷下切）及雨水入渗都会对该类缓倾软硬岩互层边坡的稳定性有重要影响,开挖导致的临空面及微裂隙是滑坡发生的基础,水是滑坡发生的条件和诱因。 相似文献
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据统计,由地震所造成的损失中,地震所诱发的滑坡和崩塌造成的损失约占40%。对于地震作用下斜坡变形破坏的类型与机制,前人已有大量的研究和归纳,然而对此问题的数值模拟研究则少有涉及。四川省什邡市北部山区在512汶川地震中烈度达到11度,遥感解译出的地震诱发崩滑体地质灾害点达161处,其破坏机制主要有顺层-切层滑坡和滑移式崩塌2种形式。本文针对这一地区2种典型滑坡地质灾害,利用赤平投影图分析方法确定边坡的控稳优势结构面组合,在此基础上用离散元数值模拟软件对其失稳过程进行数值模拟计算,分析结果显示:第1种斜坡破坏类型表现为缓倾坡外层状结构斜坡在强震作用下,坡顶首先出现拉裂,斜坡中部的结构面发生剪切变形,随着斜坡上部拉裂面向中部不断延伸并贯通,滑体便从高位沿中部缓倾结构面快速剪出。这种斜坡的变形破坏力学机制为滑移-拉裂,其破坏方式为顺层-切层滑坡。第2种斜坡破坏类型表现为高陡块状结构斜坡在强震作用下,斜坡上部结构面首先被拉裂,发生松动,被切割的块体沿拉裂面底端缓倾坡内或水平的结构面向外产生剪切变形,并在持续地震力作用下不断向坡外运动,以翻滚、崩落的方式运动至坡脚。这种结构类型斜坡的变形破坏力学机制为拉裂-滑移,其破坏方式为滑移式崩塌。 相似文献
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通常认为顺层岩质斜坡的变形破坏以滑移-拉裂、滑移-弯曲模式为特征,但野外调查中,在陡倾顺层岩质边坡还发现一类特殊的变形破坏方式,即倾倒变形。以黎家洞滑坡为例,在阐明区内地质环境条件、滑坡的基本特征的基础上,应用数值模拟手段对该滑坡的倾倒变形机制进行了分析。研究成果为该类滑坡除险加固提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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唐古栋滑坡位于楞古水电站拟选的上、中坝址和下坝址之间,且滑坡规模巨大,对水电站坝址的选择和水工建筑物的布置有决定性的影响,对滑坡成因机制的研究对于分析该河段类似斜坡的变形演化具有非常重要的意义。在对滑坡地质环境条件和滑坡体特征分析的基础上,采用物理模拟中的底摩擦试验方法和离散元数值计算对唐古栋滑坡的成因机制进行分析。研究结果表明,滑坡为沿强风化层内陡倾坡外和缓倾坡外结构面组合阶梯状滑面剪断层面滑动的滑移-拉裂式的巨型岩质滑坡。滑坡失稳过程为前缘坡体首先发生变形失稳破坏,然后中后部边坡不断蠕滑变形,最终前缘抗剪段失效导致中后部整个边坡的失稳破坏。 相似文献
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滑坡受控于地质环境条件和坡体地质结构,不同地质结构的斜坡失稳破坏的模式存在差异,本文以后龙门山千枚岩区为例,基于现场调查,梳理总结了区内岩质滑坡发生的力学模式与斜坡地质环境、坡体结构之间的关系,进而选取控制滑坡发生的关键因素,运用ARCGIS软件的加权叠加功能定量划分了不同模式滑坡的易发区域,主要取得以下认识：（1）滑移—拉裂式滑坡主要发生在坡度30-45°的顺向飘倾坡内、滑移—溃曲式滑坡发生在坡度30-45°的顺向伏倾坡内、倾倒变形主要发生在岩层倾角大于65°的反向斜坡内;（2）区内倾倒变形易发区面积为8.73km2、滑移拉裂易发区面积为4.31m2、滑移溃曲易发区面积为3.28km2,以倾倒变形类型的滑坡为主,已发生滑坡与易发分区结果比对证明了滑坡易发分区与实际情况基本吻合。 相似文献
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K28边坡变形破坏机制的离散元模拟 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
在工程地质勘察的基础上,对K28边坡在天然和饱水状态下的变形进行离散单元法数值模拟,分析了此类缓倾角顺层边坡滑移压致拉裂的变形破坏机制,以及地下水促进边坡变形破坏的作用机理,为边坡的工程治理设计提供合理的建议。 相似文献
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甘肃永靖黑方台地区灌溉诱发型滑坡发育特征
及力学机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水是诱发黄土滑坡最为积极的因素,以灌溉诱发型滑坡尤为典型.基于野外水工环地质综合调查,对黑方台地区灌溉渗透诱发滑坡的发育特征进行总结.通过分析特定孕灾地质条件下滑坡发育特征的差异,认为黄土滑坡形成的力学机制以滑移-压致拉裂-剪断型和蠕滑-拉裂-滑移型为主,而黄土-基岩滑坡以滑移-压致-拉裂型为主.滑移-压致拉裂-剪断型黄土滑坡为原位溯源后退扩展式,系灌溉水入渗后造成黄土饱和带厚度增大,不仅造成台缘周边地下水溢出带部位渗透压力增大,且抗剪强度显著弱化,从而在坡体自重作用下发生蠕滑剪切.锁固段突然破坏使滑坡快速启动,滑体冲击致早期饱水滑床产生液化,产生高位抛射,借助原始地形滑体加速运移形成高速远程运动.蠕滑-拉裂-滑移型黄土滑坡是黄土底部饱和带厚度较薄或灌溉入渗影响较小的地段,以后缘拉裂为主激发形成.渗灌溉水长期入渗造成下伏基岩顺倾泥岩层面软化泥化,从而在顺向坡段产生黄土-基岩顺层滑坡,该类滑坡以低速短程滑坡为主. 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
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正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
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正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
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正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
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正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献