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1.
We report the results from investigating the ecological state of the urbanized geosystems in the city of Sayanogorsk. A comparative analysis is made of the structure of zoocenoses against the natural and anthropogenically disturbed soils predominating in the region. We examine the transformation conditions for soil cover and the ecologically important factors influencing the state of soil-biotic communities. The study revealed a negative influence of urban pressure on the population and biomass of invertebrate animals and demonstrated the possibilities of using the structure and quantitative characteristics of zoocenoses in biodiagnostics of changes of steppe geosystems under the influence of anthropogenic factors. 相似文献
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E. I. Kuzmenko 《Geography and Natural Resources》2011,32(2):184-189
The structure and dynamics of geosystems in the northwestern part of Western Siberia is considered using the Kazym-Lyamin
interfluve, based on the landscape-assessment map for the middle part of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District. The study used
the landscape structural-dynamical approach and the methods of studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of taiga geosystems. 相似文献
4.
Presented are the technique and results of studying the landscape structure of the north-west of Western Siberia on the basis of the Hansen mosaic dataset consisting of elements covering the entire territory of the Earth. To study this area used a synthesis of classical methods of thematic system mapping as described in the doctrine of geosystems of V. B. Sochava, and automated interpretation of remote sensing data and mapping using GIS technologies. The method of geoinformational mapping of the landscape structure with the use of MultiSpec and Quantum GIS software programs for the purpose of drawing up real-time raster landscape maps is shown. In drawing up the map and the legend, the principle of geomic system-hierarchical representation of the territory as a complex multi-level “bottom-up” structure from topological-level geosystems (groups and classes of landscape facies) to regional-level geosystems (geoms, groups and classes of geoms) was used. Compilation of operational raster landscape maps of the north-west of Western Siberia involved multilevel automated interpretation of the Hansen mosaic dataset and mapping of areas (clusters) on images with different brightness characteristics, with the landscape structure of key areas and stationary physical and geographical profiles. A characteristic of this approach also implies using a dynamic classification of geosystems based on the study of their variable states. Such an approach permits a monitoring of changes in landscape structure and its areas and the intensity of anthropogenic impacts on forest and marsh landscapes, and determination of permissible pressure on geosystems in areas with high technogenic pressure of the oil and gas complex represented by the north-west of Siberia. An automated processing of data based on a supervised classification of territorial objects allows for the elimination of inaccuracies arising in visual image interpretation. Raster landscape maps can be used both for a further generation of vector maps and as a real-time information base for purposes of environmental management and protection. 相似文献
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V. M. Plyusnin A. D. Kitov E. N. Ivanov V. S. Sheinkman 《Geography and Natural Resources》2013,34(1):1-13
Separate mountain massifs, separated by a considerable distance from one another, exhibit in their evolutionary development some similar traits. On the other hand, mountain geosystems occurring in them show differences associated with the location of the mountains, their morphological structure and climatic conditions. Global warming has been producing changes in the dynamics of mountain geosystems over the last three decades. However, the response of nival-glacial intracontinental geosystems is different from that in near-oceanic regions. 相似文献
6.
We examine the methodological issues and some results of landscape mapping of the Upper Yenisei basin (the Nazarovskaya, Kanskaya,
Minusinskaya and Tuvinskaya depressions) at a scale of 1:1 000 000. A fragment of the map of the geosystems is provided, and
the territory’s landscape structure is described. 相似文献
7.
Results from investigating the geosystems of Cisbaikalia in its western and eastern parts (Primorskii Range and Barguzin Range, respectively) are presented. For studying three macroslopes of these mountain ranges (having an easterly aspect for the Primorskii Range and a westerly and south-easterly aspect for the Barguzin Range), the regional background and the main factors of the landscape differentiation of the study areas were analyzed. Structural features of topological geosystems are revealed, and large-scale maps of key areas are compiled (at a scale of 1:50 000). Maps of the landscape-typological structure were created on the basis of the structural-dynamic and facies analysis of landscapes. It is established that the main factors influencing the landscape diversity are the aspect and steepness of the slopes, the composition and structure of rocks, the absolute height, the amount of atmospheric precipitation, and anthropogenic impacts. It is determined that the influence of the lithomorphic factor is widespread throughout the study areas, the hydromorphic factor is also important, the cryomorphic factor occurs additionally in the goletz zone, and the xeromorphic factor is only observed on the Baikal Range and on the coastal plain in some areas of Priolkhonie. The dynamic aspect of the landscape structure and the relationships between geosystems are displayed in map legends. 相似文献
8.
Using the Volga (Privolzhskii) Federal District as an example, we offer the solution of such a currently central scientific and methodological problem as automated identification of the boundaries of basin geosystems under different landscape and geomorphological conditions in terms of multiresolution digital elevation models. The main stages of work are described, namely the development of the digital elevation model, its hydrological adjustment, identification of the boundaries of basin geosystems, and validity assessment of results obtained. The technique has been developed for constructing a hydrologically valid digital elevation model with the purpose of identifying the boundaries of basin geosystems. 相似文献
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Using the glaciers of the Munku-Sardyk massif as an example, we examine the patterns of changes of glaciological landscapes as revealed through instrumental observations. We present the quantitative parameters of the dynamics of nival-glacial geosystems obtained by using state-of-the-art remote sensing and GIS analysis facilities. Interesting new features reflecting the state of geosystems are described, and particularizing geoinformation calculations and a mapping are performed for a subsequent monitoring of their state. 相似文献
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N. I. Novitskaya 《Geography and Natural Resources》2013,34(1):41-48
Presented are the results from investigating the cenotic structure, structural-dynamical characteristics and spatial differentiation in vegetation of taiga geosystems in the south of the Lena-Katanga plateau of the interfluves between the Lower Tunguska and Nepa rivers. The 1:75 000 map for the present status of vegetation in the key area has been compiled. 相似文献
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D. P. Sympilova 《Geography and Natural Resources》2011,32(3):254-258
A study is made of the northern spurs of the Tsagan-Daban Range in the Transbaikalia which are represented by Central-Asian
and North-Asian taiga geosystems. The investigations of landscape structure were made in two key areas characterized by an
alternation of mountain ranges and intermontane depressions (creek valleys). 相似文献
12.
We examine some aspects related to the generation of the general-purpose landscape-assessment regional-typological 1:2 500 000 map for the Asian part of Russia that was initiated by the V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS and is based on the methodological achievements of the theory of geosystems and landscape science in general as well as on results from regional comprehensive investigations. Presented are the fundamental principles of compiling the landscape-assessment map: the regional-typological approach, and reflection of the present state of invariant units of structure and ecologically functional significance for nature management. 相似文献
13.
K. S. Ganzei 《Geography and Natural Resources》2014,35(2):181-187
A comparative analysis is made of the landscape-forming factors, and their role in the formation of the spatial structure of landscapes in the Kuril and Hawaiian Islands is determined. The research has been done on the basis of landscape mapping at a scale of 1:200 000. A correlative study was made of the different genetic varieties of geosystems: classical landscapes, catenary and nuclear. In spite of the dissimilar character of manifestation of landscape-forming processes, there occur largely identical formation principles for the spatial structure of landscapes. 相似文献
14.
This paper further develops the ideas of V. B. Sochava’s Siberian school of thematic mapping concerning an integral approach in generating synthesis and assessment maps of the habitat on objective grounds confirmed by quantitative calculations. Maps of the natural environment display the invariant structure of the sites of a territory and their variable states. Integral indicators of the state of environment combine differentquality spatial information on the geographical location of the sites having regard to the scientific principles of qualimetry. An unbiased calculation of integral indicators is ensured through the use of the method of principal component analysis. The first principal component characterizes a maximum of variation in information on the geosystem, and the second component refers to a stable environment background. Their difference for each location corresponds to the potential of geosystem variability. The resulting integral indicators are displayed on assessment cartograms. The entire array of independent principal components is used for a classification of geosystems using the method of k-means clustering to create the typological map of the territory. Calculations are based on data for forest management of the Slyudyanka Leskhoz within the boundaries of the Slyudyanka municipal district of Irkutsk oblast. The territorial norm of the geographical environment corresponds to geosystems of the mountain-taiga belt of the Siberian stone pine and larch taiga on different-aspect slopes. Negative deviations from the norm are induced by high-mountain goletz and subgoletz geosystems on steep slopes, and positive deviations correspond to flat interfluves and gentle slopes. 相似文献
15.
《Geography and Natural Resources》2008,29(2):103-109
Using three key areas as an example we examine the tendencies toward changes of the mountain geosystems in southern Siberia caused by fluctuations of climate. Presented are the quantitative parameters of the dynamics of nival-glacial geosystems (glaciers, perennial snow clusters, icings, and stony glaciers). Portions of large-scale maps for the key areas generated for a subsequent monitoring of the mountain geosystems are presented. 相似文献
16.
The formative stages of the geosystem mapping methodology are outlined. It is determined that the early stages of geosystem mapping showed a continuity of the ideas of geobotanical mapping: concerning the hierarchical structure of the phytosphere, and the invariant and the variable states of plant communities. It was found that geosystem mapping involves integrating the facies according to structural and structural-dynamic indicators differing from a traditional typization. Data were generalized having regard to the assignment of the facies to a particular landscape area. Use was made of the facies categories of optimal, limited and reduced development caused by a difference in their structure and biotic productivity. It was determined that a next mapping stage implied identifying the dynamic categories and geosystem state variables associated with one primary geomer regarded as the parent core. The map legend was based on the characteristics of the relief and vegetation. The absence of other indicators has limited the possibilities of using the map to solve forecasting problems. It was established that at present, given a significant body of landscape data, there is almost no research devoted to the cartographic solution of the problem of assessing changes in the natural environment. There is a need for mapping of the structural, dynamic and genetic uniqueness of geosystems and to explain their diagnostic features in all crucial components. We determined that the current stage of mapping should be focused on solving the problem of geographic map-based forecasting. For solving the forecast issues, we identified the features of structural-dynamic and evolutionary transformations of geosystems, their stability, and the direction of transformation under the influence of various factors. The methodology and stages of geosystem mapping are suggested. 相似文献
17.
T. I. Kuznetsova I. V. Bychkov A. R. Batuev V. M. Plyusnin G. M. Ruzhnikov A. E. Khmel’nov 《Geography and Natural Resources》2011,32(4):315-322
We outline the methods and results of cartographic analysis and assessment the present state of a large region’s geosystems:
their structural, functional and functional-value characteristics have been revealed. Drawing on the notion of epiformations,
we determined the ecological potential of geosystems at the regional level for nature management purposes. A fragment of the
typological general-purpose interpretation map “Ecological potential of the Baikal region’s geosystems” is presented. 相似文献
18.
Presented are the results from the assessment stage of forecasting-cartographic investigations into the vegetation in the Angara-Lena interfluve. An assessment is made of the main (preferred) and secondary ecological functions of vegetation within the geosystems. We demonstrate their changes with respect to native (reconstructed) vegetation. 相似文献
19.
《Geography and Natural Resources》2008,29(4):358-362
A unified methodological approach was used to study the soil zoocenoses of uneven-age industrial areas of the Kovykta gas and condensate field. Regeneration of the soil-biotic block is characterized by sequential changes in quantitative characteristics, and in the taxonomic and functional structure of invertebrate communities. The study revealed distinguishing characteristics of the progressive successions of drastically disturbed mountain-taiga geosystems, and the factors that are responsible for the direction and duration of the individual successions. 相似文献