共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
提出了一种可用于随钻三维反射声波成像测井的圆弧片状声源,推导了该声源声学性质在波数-频率域内的数学描述,并利用实轴积分的方法对该声源在井旁地层中产生的声场进行求解,考察了声源的线度、频率等因素对该声源向地层中辐射的声场的影响.研究结果表明,特定尺寸和特定频率下的圆弧片状声源产生的纵波场的水平和垂直指向性图中仅具有一个明显的主瓣,且主瓣三分贝角宽较窄,方位分辨率较高,指向性良好,适用于随钻三维反射成像测井;SV波场和SH波场的指向性图中存在两个或者多个角瓣,SV波场在垂直于井轴方向上辐射的能量为0,另外在井中发射和接收的反射SH波场和SV波场会相互干扰,所以难以利用SV波场和SH波场进行三维反射声波成像;声源的线度和频率等因素对其辐射声场影响较大,考虑到激励效率和方位分辨率等因素,对于本文描述的井孔模型,选择圆周角在75°和90°之间, 主频为12 kHz左右的声源是合适的. 相似文献
2.
2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震序列中小地震辐射能量的估计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用震后架设的4个流动台站和震源区周围3个固定台站记录到的青海玉树7.1级地震序列波形资料,资料时间截止到2010年5月19日.经过传播路径效应和场地响应校正后,估算了玉树地震序列中80个中小地震的辐射能量.比较了辐射能量估计中不同方法之间结果存在的差异性,首次考虑了由于仪器频带宽度的限制而造成的中小地震辐射能量的低估与补偿问题,得到以下主要结论:(1)分别采用Andrews方法、震源实际谱方法(区分能量补偿前和后二种情况)和根据理论模型并将积分上限外推到所计算地震拐角频率的10倍的方法(理论谱方法)计算出的中小地震辐射能量4种结果基本上位于同一个量级水平之上,表明结果具有一定的可靠性和稳定性.这其中,Andrews方法得到的辐射能量最低,理论谱方法得到的结果最高,而由实际谱方法得到的地震辐射能量介于两者之间.(2)由古登堡经验公式得到的地震辐射能量远高于上述4种方法计算出的结果,能够达到理论谱方法结果的4倍,而且随震级的增大,由它带来的辐射能量的高估趋势更加明显.(3)由于没有考虑地震能量的补偿,Andrews方法得到的地震辐射量明显偏低.用两种不同方法进行地震辐射能量补偿后得到的结果比较接近,但考虑到仪器频带上限值设定的复杂性,认为由理论谱方法计算中小地震的辐射能量更加合适.(4)经过能量补偿后地震辐射能量要高于未作能量补偿的结果,能量补偿带来的辐射能量增加的作用对于小地震更加明显.在本文研究范围之内,不同方法得到的折合能量均明显存在随地震矩的增大而增大的现象,反映出玉树余震序列中大震地震辐射效率高于小震. 相似文献
3.
4.
M. H. SAFAR 《Geophysical Prospecting》1985,33(1):97-109
A simple field method was proposed by the author in 1976 for measuring the absolute amplitude of the pressure pulse radiated by marine seismic sources which radiate a bubble pulse. The proposed method involves the recording of the near-field pressure signature radiated by the water gun using a wide-band hydrophone. The key feature of the proposed method is that a knowledge of the hydrophone sensitivity and its distance from the water gun are not required. It is shown that the absolute amplitudes of the pressure pulses radiated by the S80 and P400 water guns obtained using the proposed method are in agreement with those obtained using a Ref-Tek hydrophone. 相似文献
5.
C.J. Thomson 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(3):581-587
A compact representation is obtained for the separation of a scalar wavefield on a closed surface into parts due to internal and external sources. The formula assumes that the total field and its gradients are known on the surface, as is the exact Green function of the medium. The derivation involves four rather straightforward applications of Green’s theorem or the representation theorem, though it is a remarkable result in that waves from either source that traverse the boundary many times are appropriately separated. The intermediate results at the four steps of the derivation also shed light on the possibility of acoustic shielding from unwanted sources without knowledge of the Green function for the medium. 相似文献
6.
利用反射声场探测井外地质构造的声波远探测方法已逐渐成为石油测井的一门重要应用技术.在远探测测井中声源常采用单极、偶极和四极等.为了考察各种声学辐射器的辐射性能,本文从辐射声场和井孔声场的能流密度出发,提出了一种利用辐射器向井外辐射的能量与沿井筒传播的能量比的大小来评价其辐射效率的方法,考察了不同声源激发的沿井传播的导波能流、地层辐射波能流及声源辐射效率随频率的变化规律.计算结果表明:不同声源的辐射效率和优势激发频段各不相同.单极声源在低频下的辐射效率很低,因为此时声源激发的能量几乎全部被斯通利波带走,相比之下,偶极声源在低频时的辐射效率远大于单极声源.本文的结果说明了偶极声源作为低频远探测声源要优于单极声源. 相似文献
7.
Internal tides generated by finite-height topography are investigated in the laboratory, and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is applied to measure the velocity fields. The energy, energy flux, and vertical mode structure of the internal tides are calculated and analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the strength of the wave field is mainly affected by the normalized topography height. The rays radiated from the taller topography are wider than those radiated from the lower topography. Both the experimental and theoretical results indicate that the normalized energy and energy flux of the internal tides are mainly determined by the normalized topography height, and the increase of the two quantities follows a quadratic function, and they almost remain unchanged with different normalized frequencies except for higher frequency. The percentage of energy for mode-1 and mode-2 internal tides is determined not only by frequency but also by topography height. In addition, an “inherent normalized frequency” is observed in the experiment, at which the percentage of energy for mode 1 and mode 2 does not vary with topography height. The decay rate of internal tide energy in the near field and far field is also estimated, with average values of 36.5 and 7.5%, respectively. 相似文献
8.
在重力异常分离中,频率域滤波分离方法是以全局数据频谱特征设计针对性的滤波器实现的.滤波器参数与空间位置无关,因此无法针对局部数据频谱特征动态调整滤波器参数.针对该局限性,在小波域滤波理论和优化滤波方法的基础上,本文研究提出了小波域优化位变滤波法,该方法具有空间变化滤波能力,在不同空间位置实现不同的滤波器特性,从而能实现局部数据频谱与全局数据频谱存在较大差异的重力异常分离问题.理论模型数据分离实验结果表明,在局部数据频谱与全局数据频谱差异较大的情况下,该方法相对于Butterworth滤波和优化滤波等方法具有优势.最后,用一个实例进行检验计算,体现了所提方法技术的效果和应用前景. 相似文献
9.
M.M. ROKSANDIý 《Geophysical Prospecting》1986,34(8):1154-1166
Two factors are responsible for the fact that an extended marine source array performs better than a point source: 1. a higher degree of transmission of the radiated seismic energy through the water-sediment interface providing a better penetration; 2. filtering effects. The higher degree of transmission is due to: (a) the directivity of extended sources, (b) the lower reflection coefficient at the water-sediment interface for seismic waves radiated from an extended source array than for spherical seismic waves radiated from a point source, (c) the lower amplitude decay of the pulses from an extended source than from a point source. In addition, signature characteristic of an extended source array and Fresnel zone of waves generated by such a source differ from those corresponding to a point source. The propagating wavelet radiated from a point source array may not be, in a sedimentary sequence below the sea-floor, the linear combination of wavelets emitted from point sources. In such cases, there is a noticeable difference between the performance of a field-implemented source array and that of the corresponding simulated source array. The performances of the field-implemented and simulated extended receiver arrays can be identical if the recording system is adequate and the processing technique appropriate. 相似文献
10.
M. H. SAFAR 《Geophysical Prospecting》1976,24(2):328-333
The absolute amplitude of the pressure pulse radiated by a marine seismic source is one of the prime criteria used in evaluating its performance. A technique for this measurement is proposed which is applicable to all sources which radiate a bubble pulse. The technique is described with reference to an air-gun array in which the pulse radiated from a single gun is compared with that radiated by the full array. The advantage of the method is that absolute values of pressure are obtained without any need for a calibrated hydrophone. In theory this may seem a trivial advantage but in practice sensitivity factors for the hydrophone channel cannot always be relied upon. The proposed technique is illustrated by an example. 相似文献
11.
12.
Vibroseis is a method that imparts coded seismic energy into the ground. The energy is recorded with geophones and then processed using the known (coded) input signal. The resulting time‐domain representation of vibroseis data is an impulsive wavetrain with wavelet properties consistent with the coded input signal convolved with the earth's reflectivity series. Historically, vibratory seismic surveys collect data from one source location at a time, summing one or more sources at each location. We present a method of designing orthogonal sweeps using the concept of combisweeps. The orthogonal sweeps allow simultaneous recording and later separation of two or more unique source locations. Orthogonality of sweeps permits separation of the data into unique source‐location field records by a conventional correlation procedure. The separation power of the orthogonal sweeps is demonstrated by a comparison between separated data and data acquired with one vibrator. Separation noise was at a negligible level for our demonstration data sets when two vibrators were located 50 m to 200 m apart. Coincident generation and recording of two vibroseis sweeps at different locations would allow almost double the amount of data to be recorded for a given occupation time and requires only half the storage medium. 相似文献
13.
随钻三维反射声波成像测井技术可以实时地对井周围的地层构造和地质体进行成像,为地质导向钻井提供必要的信息,是下一代声波测井技术的发展方向.针对该项技术,提出了一种基于圆弧片状压电振子的相控圆弧阵声波测井辐射器,推导了该辐射器的声学性能在波数-频率域的数学描述,并采用了实轴积分的方法对该辐射器在无限大液体、井旁地层中产生的波场进行了求解.研究结果显示,无论在无限大液体中还是在充液井孔内,该声源均可以向任意方位定向辐射能量,其水平指向性图主瓣明显,旁瓣级低,具有较高的方位分辨率;相控阵技术能够使得即使在较低的频率下,该声源辐射的声场仍具有较好的方位特征;与传统的单极子反射成像技术相比,有希望利用该声源发展一种具有较好的方位分辨能力和更深径向探测深度的随钻反射成像测井方法;与偶极子反射成像技术相比,采用该声源可以在周向上360°范围内确定反射体的方位,能够消除井旁地层界面方位测量的多解性. 相似文献
14.
一种新型动电测井探测器研究与实验测试（英文） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前对动电测井的研究主要集中于数值模拟和岩石物理实验。为研发出能下井测量的动电测井仪器,进行了一系列实验研究工作。文中介绍了一种融合了不同结构和材料要求的新型声电复合式动电测井探测器的结构及原理,对声、电信号接收器在仪器机械设计上无法布置在同一位置的难题也提出了解决方法。在水池中对其辐射声场特性进行了测试,计算了辐射声场声压及发射电压响应,分析了基于相控线阵的阵列式声波发射探头的指向性及实际应用效果。研究表明,在源距1500 mm处产生的声压可达47.2 kPa,且会随着激励声源主频增大而减小。随着相邻声波发射子阵激励信号延迟时间的增加,辐射声束主瓣会发生明显偏转,主瓣方向的能量也逐渐增强,可有效增强声电转换效率。本文为探测器研制及开展井下动电测井研究奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
15.
Regional–residual separation is essential in gravity and magnetic data interpretation and a variety of techniques have been proposed. Graphical determination of the regional allows geological information to be taken into account. Upward continuation can be used to obtain the regional field either empirically or using some hypothesis about the geology. In some cases, a matched filter can be designed and used to separate deep and shallow sources. Simple low pass filtering has also been used but without much success. Here we propose to use a non-linear filter approach to remove gravity and magnetic anomalies smaller than a given width. This technique attempts to mimic the graphical separation method. The results from synthetic models are presented as well as the results from a case study in eastern Canada and compared to regional gravity and magnetic anomalies obtained by other techniques. Contrary to the regional fields obtained by upward continuation, non-linear filtering does not have any physical meaning. However, its main advantage is that it gives a regional component of the gravity or magnetic field similar to the one obtained from a graphical separation. 相似文献
16.
借助人工震源,主动探测地下介质结构、并监视其动态变化是地震学家的一个梦想,本文提出的精密主动地震监测(PASM: Precisely and Actively Seismic Monitoring)为实现这一梦想提供了一条可能的途径.本文介绍的精密主动地震监测系统以与GPS保持同步的电子系统控制的旋转质量体作为地震信号源,产生精确的、高度可重复的地震信号,这种信号经过地下介质传播到达观测点被数字地震仪器记录,由专门的计算方法提取,可以获得监视地下介质结构的有效信息,从而实现地下介质结构及物性的主动精确动态监测.其中震源是一种连续震源,工作时对地输入能量强度低,对环境不造成任何破坏性影响,可长期运行,是一种适用范围广泛的绿色震源.以此震源为基础构成的精密主动地震监测系统,配合高灵敏度的数字观测系统,再加上数据处理和信噪比增强技术,可以在150 km以上的距离外得到有效纪录,精确地监视固定路径的精度优于1 ms的走时变化,进而监视地下介质的速度变化和介质参数的变化,是一种前景光明的新型地震学研究方法. 相似文献
17.
相控声源与声束的形成 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
用多个声源,按照一定的规律排列,分别用不同的时间激发,使每个声源激发的声波在介质中传播时有一定的相位差,这种产生声波的方法叫相控方法,这多个声源统称为相控声源．用相控声源的主要目的之一是产生一个可以控制其方向的声束．相对于点声源激发的球面波来讲,声束的能量比较集中,在介质中传播的比较远,对小的障碍物散射比较强．这样可以使声波传播的比较远,对那些声衰减比较大的介质进行一些精度比较高的探测．本文讨论相控声源在固体中激发的声束． 相似文献
18.
地震辐射能量的测定是地震定量化研究中一个重要的基本问题,也是数字地震学中重要的研究课题,对地震定量化和工程地震学等研究具有不可忽视的推动作用。本文对地震宽频带辐射能量理论和测定方法研究的进展进行综述。在此基础上,总结近年来辐射能量测定方法和应用研究的最新进展,并对存在的问题进行比较,对今后的发展方向进行展望。 相似文献
19.
对有限断层地震波能量辐射的估算通常采用断层面上子源能量的逐点求和方法。基于Brune圆盘模型,Anderson推导出有限断层地震波能量辐射S波的求解公式,即 ,其中 为断层面上地震矩, 为剪切模量, 和 分别为动态应力降和静态应力降,并指出在复合震源模型强地面运动预测应用中 以满足能量守恒。Rivera和Kanamori则从能量辐射表象定理出发,给出了有限断层中辐射能量的积分表达式,明确地指出了逐点求和所存在的问题。依据该积分表达式,本文推导出了复合源模型中新的辐射能完整的求解方法,指出Anderson方法实为断层面上点源辐射能量的简单叠加求和,后者则充分考虑了断层面上任一点在任一时刻能量传播过程中受到的断层面上所有位移破裂路径的交互影响。以1976年唐山7.6地震为例,应用上述方法分别计算了有限断层模型的辐射能量及近场强地面运动,如质点运动加速度,速度。结果表明如果模型参数满足 时,由本文给出的求解方法计算所得到的地震波辐射能已远远超出实际的辐射能量值,直接导致了对近场强地面运动参数如质点速度、加速度等的过高估算。因此,Zeng等和Anderson工作的局限性是非常明显的:地震矩守恒以及非物理的 无法准确地预测近场地面运动。未来工作中,对于有限断层模型的建立,在地震矩守恒这一约束条件的基础上,远场和近场能量解（或视应力）将可作为另一个重要的约束条件,为强地面运动的模拟提供一个更为恰当的求解方案。 相似文献
20.
Acoustic waves have a remarkable ability to transfer energy from the ground up to the uppermost layers of the atmosphere. On the ground, there are many permanent sources of infrasound, and also pulsed and/or sporadic sources (e.g., sea waves, infrasonic and sonic noise of cities, lightning, earthquakes, explosions, etc.). The infrasonic waves carry away the major part of their energy upwards through the atmosphere. What are the consequences of the upward energy transfer? What heights of the atmosphere are supplied by energy from various sources of an infrasonic wave? In most cases, the answers to these questions are not well known at present. The only opportunity to monitor the propagation of an infrasonic wave to high altitudes is to watch for its influence on the ionospheric plasma. Unfortunately, most of standard equipment for ionospheric sounding, as a rule, cannot detect plasma fluctuations in the infrasonic range. Besides, the form of an infrasonic wave strongly varies during propagation due to nonlinear effects. However, the development of the Doppler method of radiosounding of the ionosphere has enabled progress to be made. Simultaneously, the ionospheric method for sensing aboveground and underground explosions has been developed. Its main advantage is the remote observation of an explosion in the near field zone by means of short radio waves, i.e., the radio sounding of the ionosphere directly above the explosion. The theory of propagation of an acoustic pulse produced by an explosion on the ground up to ionospheric heights has been developed better than the theory for other sources, and has been quantitatively confirmed by experiments. A review of some advances in the area of infrasound investigations at ionospheric heights is given and some current problems are presented. 相似文献