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通过对土壤放射性调查可以掌握土壤中放射性元素的分布,也可以为环境放射性影响评价提供依据。这些工作对于城市而言,可以保障人们的生活和环境安全。而对于核设施则帮助制定退役、去污策略,以防止放射性污染物向环境迁移,危害环境安全。综述土壤放射性污染水平监测方法,其中取样方法涉及了取样工具要求、分层采样的方法。污染物分析监测方法则具体阐述了用中子活化分析方法研究土壤中的微量元素含量、如何监测土壤特性的方法。 相似文献
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在铀矿的区凋、普查工作中,发挥水化学找矿的优势,提高找矿效果的关键是如何正确地解释、评价所找到的水异常。为此就必须弄清工作区内铀矿与地下水放射性之间的关系。本文根据南岭南部地区多年的水化找矿资料,从水文地球化学角度阐明了地下水放射性在空间上的变化规律和放射性水的分市特征。从已知铀矿床水异常特征分析中提出了矿致水异常的五项标志,这对我国南方潮湿大陆地区水异常的解释与评价有着普遍的实用意义。 相似文献
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国际原子能机构于１９９９年８月３０日￣９月３日在韩国召开了“核燃料循环末端及核电站放射性废物管理技术国际研讨会”。会议交流了８５篇论文，包括放射性废物管理的技术路线，核电站放射性废物管理，中低放和高放废物的处理、整备和中间储存，中低放和高放废物处置技术，退役废物管理等内容。本文介绍会议概况以及韩国的放射性废物管理概况。 相似文献
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放射性水文地球化学找矿以其快速、简便、经济和高效的优点在丹凤地区花岗伟晶岩型铀矿勘查的各个阶段发挥了重要作用,浅层地下水放射性异常晕与含矿黑云母花岗伟晶岩分布范围一致,可用于圈定铀成矿远景区、普查区和详查区。近矿中深层地下水具有高U-Rn放射性水文地球化学特征,通过工程放射性水文地球化学找矿,可预测盲矿体大致位置,指导揭露工程布置。 相似文献
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地浸矿岩型铀矿储量计算中所需的岩石密度，目前用取样测定法－石蜡法获得，而放射性物探方法γ－γ散射测井法作为参考。笔在新疆吐哈盆地十红滩铀矿床密度测量中，对两种方法测定的密度结果进行了研究对比，认为后完全可以取代前，提供准确的岩矿石密度值。 相似文献
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何晓梅 《华东地质学院学报》2014,(2)
盛源盆地位处赣杭铀成矿带中段,是华东地区重要铀矿田之一。在收集和分析大量放射性水化学特征数据基础上,运用统计分析及信息复合技术,详细研究了盆地放射性水化异常与已知铀矿化的关系,总结了放射性水化学找矿规律。认为铀-氦高值晕是成矿标志,铀-氡高值晕是近矿标志,单铀型水异常晕较好反映铀矿化的局部富集,氦水异常反映隐伏构造存在,可指示攻深找盲。据此,圈定Ⅰ、Ⅱ级成矿远景区各1处,Ⅲ级远景区3处,为盆地今后铀矿找矿提供了依据。 相似文献
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Evaluation of potential radiation doses and health risk to future populations is the primary goal of post-closure performance assessments. This article summarizes current methods used to estimate radiation doses and health risks following emplacement of high-level waste in a geologic repository. The methods described use the radionuclide concentrations in groundwater, surface water, or the atmosphere estimated by the release and transport analyses methods described in previous articles. Methods are described here to estimate (1) transfer of radionuclides from water or air to humans by various exposure pathways, (2) radiation dose received by individuals and populations from each exposure pathway, and (3) population health risks. 相似文献
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R. Bagheri S. Mehregan A. Yousefi E. Mirrezaei 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(11):2443-2450
In this work, accumulation of cosmogenic radionuclide 7Be in seven species of lichens was determined using HPGe detectors in autumn season. Ramsar city which is located in the north of Iran as one of the high-level natural radiation areas in the world was considered. Lichen species represented good potential in accumulation of 7Be radionuclide. The foliose species of Xanthoria parietina with the highest activity concentration value of 112.8 ± 1.8 Bq kg?1 was introduced as bioindicator for accumulation of 7Be radionuclide. Cladonia rangiformis species has got minimum concentration of 64.5 ± 0.8 Bq kg?1. Also from thallus morphology viewpoint, results showed that 7Be accumulation in foliose species is higher than in fruticose and crustose lichens species. Also there was relatively large positive correlation between 7Be and 226Ra activity concentrations in lichens species. 相似文献
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Metamictisation of natural zircon: accumulation versus thermal annealing of radioactivity-induced damage 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Lutz Nasdala Marita Wenzel Gerhard Vavra Gert Irmer Thomas Wenzel Bernd Kober 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2001,141(2):125-144
Annealing of the radiation damage generated in !-decay events is a common phenomenon in natural zircons. We have studied relationships between radiation damage, age and radionuclide content of natural zircons on a micro-scale. The degree of metamictisation was estimated by means of confocal laser-Raman spectroscopic measurements. Raman band broadening in well-ordered to moderately metamict zircons that have not experienced significant healing of the radiation damage since the time of their growth, shows a nearly linear dependence on the !-fluence. This dependence is proposed as a calibration line for examining unknown zircons in order to consider complete or incomplete damage storage, which may contribute to the understanding of the low-T thermal history of their host rocks. Seven examples for the application are presented. Radiation damage may anneal heterogeneously, with preferred re-ordering in more damaged micro-areas. Results suggest that single point defects do not anneal continuously over geologic periods of time but are, in contrast, a comparably stable type of radiation damage. In contrast to recrystallisation processes, structural recovery due to simple thermal annealing is not necessarily connected with loss of radiogenic Pb. The most prominent example for this are concordant zircons from Sri Lanka. Although they are excellent standards for U-Pb dating, Sri Lankan zircons should not be used as standards for structural radiation damage. The experimental work is completed by Monte Carlo simulations of !-decay events in zircon. 相似文献
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以1∶25万化探数据为切入点,在分析全国各城市天然放射性水平特征的基础上,运用放射性填图评价技术研究了成都平原天然放射性水平分布特征。结果表明:研究区环境天然放射性核素238 U、232 Th、40 K含量频数均呈正态分布,数值均在正常本底范围内;238 U比活度总体上低于全国平均水平,232 Th和40 K比活度总体上高于全国平均水平;研究区天然放射性辐射水平、γ射线照射量率、吸收剂量率、年有效剂量当量均低于世界和全国的平均水平;研究区γ射线内、外照射指数均在国家限量标准控制范围之内。 相似文献
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采集康平、沈北、东梁、辽阳、阜新、浑江、舒兰、海拉尔、珲春、凉水、七台河共11处煤矿样品,设置了燃烧试验,使煤在近密闭燃烧炉中燃烧,杜绝飞灰造成的物质损失,然后测定煤及其对应灰分的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K活度.分析得出：在理论燃烧状态下,假设燃烧无飞灰产生,煤灰的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K天然放射性核素富集因子f与煤灰分比Ad的乘积为1.根据煤燃烧后核素的迁移富集规律和影响辐射水平的核素权重,提出了应用于煤的比活度、吸收剂量率、年吸收剂量、内辐射指数等放射性环境评价参考值.经11处煤矿验证,评价结果可以反映煤灰的辐射水平,辐射水平排序与实际测量结果基本一致. 相似文献
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采集康平、沈北、东梁、辽阳、阜新、浑江、舒兰、海拉尔、珲春、凉水、七台河共11处煤矿样品，设置了燃烧试验，使煤在近密闭燃烧炉中燃烧，杜绝飞灰造成的物质损失，然后测定煤及其对应灰分的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K活度.分析得出：在理论燃烧状态下，假设燃烧无飞灰产生，煤灰的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K天然放射性核素富集因子f与煤灰分比Ad的乘积为1.根据煤燃烧后核素的迁移富集规律和影响辐射水平的核素权重，提出了应用于煤的比活度、吸收剂量率、年吸收剂量、内辐射指数等放射性环境评价参考值.经11处煤矿验证，评价结果可以反映煤灰的辐射水平，辐射水平排序与实际测量结果基本一致. 相似文献
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K. Geetha Manjari G. L. Sivakumar Babu 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2018,12(1):60-73
As per the regulatory requirements controlling the disposal of radioactive waste, the performance of waste disposal facilities needs to be assessed quantitatively using predictive models. This estimates the potential impact of disposal on the environment and public health. Near Surface Disposal Facilities (NSDFs), constructed to contain the low level radioactive waste are considered to model the radionuclide migration from the system to the geo-sphere. The radiation dose experienced by an individual through drinking water pathway is the endpoint of assessment of the model. A three dimensional groundwater contaminant transport model with a decaying source is modelled numerically to determine the radiation dose for short-lived and long-lived radionuclides. The consideration of uncertainties constitutes an intrinsic part of modelling. The uncertain input parameters include porosity, longitudinal dispersivity, transverse dispersivity, diffusion coefficient and distribution coefficient. The uncertainty propagation and quantification is carried out using collocation based stochastic response surface method (CSRSM). To run the simulations for the huge set of input, a code is developed using built-in python interface in the numerical model. The results are processed further to obtain the sensitive parameters affecting the output concentrations. Further, the probability of radiation dose exceeding permissible value is estimated by subset simulation. 相似文献
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In White Oak Creek watershed in eastern Tennessee, the radionuclides60Co,90Sr, and137Cs were retained by streambed gravels on different sites:60Co was associated with manganese in the hydrous oxide coatings on rocks and minerals;90Sr occurred primarily as an exchangeable cation although small amounts were held in a nonexchangeable form; and137Cs was held very selectively, presumably by illite in shale fragments composing the sediment. The distribution of radionuclides
on sediments was size dependent: the 0.85–3.35 mm fine-gravel fraction was higher in radionuclide concentration than the sand
fraction. An areal survey of radionuclide concentrations on streambed gravels from throughout the watershed, located numerous
contamination sources. These radionuclide concentrations, when combined with both distribution coefficients of radionuclides
between gravel and water and drainage area, were used to rank subsections of the watershed by their relative contribution
to the overall contamination of the watershed. For90Sr, this ranking procedure agreed with the measured discharges of subsections of the watershed which are routinely monitored.
Research sponsored by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (operated by U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-eng-26
with Union Carbide Corporation.
Publication No. 2017, Environmental Sciences Division, ORNL. 相似文献