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利用黔东南三板溪电站库区40多年来8站年降水和夏季降水资料，从三板溪电站库区各地区年降水和夏季倾向率、周期性、阶段性3个方面来探讨黔东南三板溪电站库区40多年来年降水和夏季降水变化特征。 相似文献
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新安江水库位于杭州西南,相距150公里,整个库区山青水秀,气候宜人,风景优美,是十分理想的旅游地。经有关部门组织专家学者实地考察,一致认为可把新安江作为全国最佳水上旅游线开放,这样,杭州—富春江—新安江—黄山就是一条理想的旅游线。 相似文献
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柘林库区降水气候特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根锯铜鼓、修水、武宁1961～1990年20～20时逐日降水量资料,按面积加权平均得到松林库区逐日平均降水量,统计分析了柘林库区降水的气候特征。 相似文献
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引 言 地处广州市天河区东部,库存有大量甲类、乙类、丙类易燃易爆危险品的广州吉山危险品库区是华南大型危险品集散地之一。１９９７年１０月１３日凌晨,珠村化工危险品仓库库区中一简易仓库发生火灾爆炸事件,造成严重损失。经调查证实,该火灾爆炸事件是由雷击引起的。该库区在１９９８年已陆续作了防雷整改,本文取整改前的吉山危险品库区作为研究对象,对其雷电活动环境及其灾害进行评估。１ 雷电活动环境分析 广州吉山危险品库区位于广州市天河区东圃镇,南面是珠江,北面是丘陵地带。库房大多分布在农田和山岗,约１ｋｍ２… 相似文献
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马铃薯原产于南美洲安第斯山的智利、秘鲁等国家的高原地区，１７世纪由欧洲传入广东，为粮菜兼用作物。近年河源市紫金的临江等乡镇进行了栽培，一般每公顷产量１０５００～１５０００ｋｇ，高产的可达２５０００ｋｇ以上，增产潜力随气候条件、土壤条件和水肥条件的优化组合而增强。最近，有关部门又准备在新丰江库区发展冬种马铃薯。１ 新丰江库区发展冬种马铃薯的气候适应性 马铃薯喜冷凉较湿润的气候，喜较大的日较差和丰富的光照，怕霜冻、不耐热，要求疏松湿润富含有机质的土壤，适应范围较广，山区、丘陵、平原均可秋冬种植。１… 相似文献
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利用舟山市1994—2003年的实测风资料分5类统计了舟山群岛冬半年大风的发生规律。对一次冷空气个例进行诊断分析结果表明:大风是强冷平流、高空急流、动量下传等共同作用的结果。对一次低气压引起的大风的分析认为涡度平流、温度平流、潜热释放对低压发展有重大贡献。根据大风的成因和预报经验选择有关物理量进行t统计分析, 选择有异常表现的物理量作预报因子。最后用人工神经网络方法建立预报模型, 并进行了试报, 试报误差都在4.5 m/s以下。 相似文献
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High-resolution simulations of West African climate using regional climate model (RegCM3) with different lateral boundary conditions 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
M. B. Sylla A. T. Gaye J. S. Pal G. S. Jenkins X. Q. Bi 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,98(3-4):293-314
To downscale climate change scenarios, long-term regional climatologies employing global model forcing are needed for West Africa. As a first step, this work examines present-day integrations (1981–2000) with a regional climate model (RCM) over West Africa nested in both reanalysis data and output from a coupled atmospheric–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). Precipitation and temperature from both simulations are compared to the Climate Research Unit observations. Their spatial distributions are shown to be realistic. Annual cycles are considerably correlated. Simulations are also evaluated with respect to the driving large-scale fields. RCM offers some improvements compared to the AOGCM driving field. Evaluation of seasonal precipitation biases reveals that RCM dry biases are highest on June–August around mountains. They are associated to cold biases in temperature which, in turn, are connected to wet biases in precipitation outside orographic zones. Biases brought through AOGCM forcing are relatively low. Despite these errors, the simulations produce encouraging results and show the ability of the AOGCM to drive the RCM for future projections. 相似文献
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陆地上空标量辐射对地表反射率和大气气溶胶散射都具有很强的敏感性,而偏振反射只对大气气溶胶敏感,对地表不敏感。根据这个原理并结合POLDER(POLarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectance)资料的特点,作者提出综合利用标量辐射和偏振反射信息来实现陆地上空大气气溶胶和地表反照率的同时反演。首先,利用多角度偏振辐射观测提取大气气溶胶光学参数,再利用标量辐射测量对偏振反演结果作进一步筛选和订正,同时获得地表反射率。数值模拟试验结果证明,仅利用偏振信息只能获取大气气溶胶信息,而且其结果误差较大,特别是对于散射作用较强的短波长通道如670 nm误差更大,但经过标量辐射订正后的结果得到明显改善,气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率与真实值之间相关系数都达到0.99以上。为提高查找表的计算效率,提出并建立了反演方案所需要的半参数化数值表,利用内插方法寻求气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的数值解的反演方法。 相似文献
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降水引发公路沿线滑坡、泥石流及其他灾害频繁发生,已成为引发公路损毁的最重要因子之一。该文利用2007年1月—2013年7月区域 (云、贵、川、渝4个地区) 公路损毁灾害数据、基础地理信息数据及国家气象中心降水量历史资料,通过对灾害发生频次、降水量等资料的统计分析,初步探讨降水与公路损毁灾害的关系,并重点针对公路损毁的降水影响因子 (即前期有效降水和损毁灾害发生当日降水),开发具有普适性的公路损毁概率密度函数及其概率拟合方程,建立公路损毁灾害概率预报模型;综合公路损毁灾害风险区划信息 (即灾害危险性等级) 与降水的等级临界阈值 (即降水危险性等级),建立区域公路损毁的危险性分级预警方案,得出综合的西南地区公路损毁风险预报模型,以1～5级划分, 分别为灾害发生可能性极小、灾害发生可能性较小、灾害发生可能性中等 (注意)、灾害发生可能性较大 (预警)、灾害发生可能性极大 (警报)。该预报方法结合降水危险性等级及公路损毁灾害危险性等级,明显优于仅考虑阈值降水量的判别方法。 相似文献
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Summary Energy consumption, agricultural activities and comfort in building design are all related to temporal temperature variations.
Truncation of the temperature series at a constant base temperature level leads to surpluses and deficits as deviations. Surpluses
are instances for cooling and deficits for heating. In meteorology and heat engineering these are referred to as cooling and
heating degree-days, respectively. Since the temperature records are random in character their future predictions are necessary
through statistical and probabilistic methods. In this paper, the degree-days are assumed to have a normal probability distribution
function and therefore, their averages and standard deviations are considered sufficient for modeling cooling and heating
degree-day amounts. Theoretical derivations are presented for degree-day risk calculations in their general forms and a simple
implementation is given for two cities in Turkey.
Received January 23, 1998 Revised June 16, 1998 相似文献
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Exploring vulnerability and adaptation to climate change of communities in the forest zone of Cameroon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mekou Y. Bele Anne M. Tiani Olufunso A. Somorin Denis J. Sonwa 《Climatic change》2013,119(3-4):875-889
Understanding vulnerability to the impacts of global environmental change and identifying adaptation measures to cope with these impacts require localized investigations that can help find actual and exact answers to the questions about who and what are vulnerable, to what are they vulnerable, how vulnerable are they, what are the causes of their vulnerability, and what responses can lessen their vulnerability. People living in forests are highly dependent on forest goods and services, and are vulnerable to forest changes both socially and economically. In the Congo basin, climate change effects on forest ecosystems are predicted to amplify the existing pressure on food security urging expansion of current agricultural lands at the expense of forest, biodiversity loss and socioeconomic stresses. The paper aimed at exploring vulnerability and adaptation needs to climate change of local communities in the humid forest zone of Cameroon. Field work was conducted in two forest communities in Lekié and in Yokadouma in the Center and Eastern Regions of Cameroon respectively. The assessment was done using a series of approaches including a preparatory phase, fieldwork proper, and validation of the results. Results show that: (a) the adverse effects of climate conditions to which these communities are exposed are already being felt and exerting considerable stress on most of their livelihoods resources; (b) drought, changing seasons, erratic rain patterns, heavy rainfall and strong winds are among the main climate-related disturbances perceived by populations in the project sites; (c) important social, ecological and economic processes over the past decades seemed to have shaped current vulnerability in the sites; (d) Some coping and adaptive strategies used so far are outdated; and specific adaptation needs are identified and suggestions for facilitating their long-term implementations provided. 相似文献
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《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):922-943
State and local governments in the USA are evaluating a wide range of policies to reduce carbon emissions, including carbon taxes, which have existed internationally for nearly 20 years. In this article, existing carbon tax policies, both internationally and in the USA, are reviewed, and carbon policy design and effectiveness are analysed. Design considerations include which sectors to tax, where to set the tax rate, how to use tax revenues, what the impact will be on consumers, and how to ensure that emissions reduction goals are achieved. Emissions reductions that are due to carbon taxes can be difficult to measure, although some jurisdictions quantify reductions in overall emissions, others examine impacts that are due to programmes funded by carbon tax revenues. 相似文献
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多普勒雷达PPI资料在数值模式MM5中的应用 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
利用多普勒天气雷达观测的回波强度资料,估测大气的湿度值。假定回波强度大于4 0dBz的区域,相对湿度为1 0 0 % ,小于2 0dBz的区域相对湿度为90 % ,2 0～4 0dBz区域的相对湿度按线性变化求取。对应各点的温度值由MM5控制试验得出。然后通过迭代处理,求出对应各点的露点温度,通过以上步骤把雷达观测的回波强度值转换为模式中直接使用的物理变量,用于模式计算。为了验证该方法的可行性,进行了模拟试验,个例选用2 0 0 1年7月1 3日安徽全椒暴雨过程。背景场采用T2 1 3资料,加上常规探空,地面资料,通过分析形成控制试验的初始场。将安徽合肥新一代天气雷达观测的回波强度按上述方法加入到MM5中,形成敏感试验的初始场。水平网格为1 0 3×1 0 3,格距为1 0km ,垂直分33层,中心位置为31 0 0°N、1 1 7 6 6°E。试验结果表明,加入雷达资料后降水中心位置预报有明显改进。说明上述方法是可行的。 相似文献
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文中分析了庆阳地区春季降水气候特征和环流形势 ,用 1995～ 1998年 3～ 5月T10 6资料建立了该区 8县 (市 )春季降水、温度MOS预报方程 ,进行了回代检验和试报 ,并提出了模式更换后的处理方法 相似文献