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《Sedimentology》1989,36(3):499-510
Books review in this article:
Applied Sedimentology, by Richard C. Selley
Geology of High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal: An Introduction. by I. S. Roxburgh
Sedimentation in a Synorogenic Basin Complex: The Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe, ed. by B. M. Besly and G. Kelling
Low Temperature Metamorphism, ed. by M. Frey
Modern Sedimentation in the Coastal and Nearshore Zones of China, ed. by Ren
Evaporite Basins, ed. by T. M. Peryt
Holocene Reefs of Bermuda, by Alan Logan
Seabed Pockmarks and Seepages. Impact on Geology, Biology and the Marine Environment, by M. Hovland and A. G. Judd
Paleopalynology, by Alfred Traverse
Fan Deltas: Sedimentology and Tectonic Setting, ed. by W. Nemec & R. J. Steel 相似文献
Applied Sedimentology, by Richard C. Selley
Geology of High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal: An Introduction. by I. S. Roxburgh
Sedimentation in a Synorogenic Basin Complex: The Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe, ed. by B. M. Besly and G. Kelling
Low Temperature Metamorphism, ed. by M. Frey
Modern Sedimentation in the Coastal and Nearshore Zones of China, ed. by Ren
Evaporite Basins, ed. by T. M. Peryt
Holocene Reefs of Bermuda, by Alan Logan
Seabed Pockmarks and Seepages. Impact on Geology, Biology and the Marine Environment, by M. Hovland and A. G. Judd
Paleopalynology, by Alfred Traverse
Fan Deltas: Sedimentology and Tectonic Setting, ed. by W. Nemec & R. J. Steel 相似文献
3.
Neptunian dykes and associated features in southern Spain: mechanics of formation and tectonic implications 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Neptunian dykes and sills in Jurassic carbonate platform strata of the Betic region of Spain occupy spaces created by wholly mechanical fracturing and displacement of the host strata, and later filled by pelagic sediments from above or by precipitation of calcite from circulating solutions. In some places, joint-bounded blocks of platform carbonates have been wholly removed, possibly by sliding down submarine slopes, leaving a staircase topography, commonly Fe-encrusted, that was subsequently filled by pelagic sediments. Other cavities that formed during Cretaceous times were developed by dissolution and current erosion in moderately deep submarine environments, and then filled by pelagic sediments from above. None of the cavities hosted by either platform or pelagic strata contain evidence for their formation by dissolution in a subaerial environment. The Jurassic and Cretaceous history of subsidence of the Betic margins is thus simpler than in versions requiring repeated emergence to form subaerial karstic cavities. 相似文献
4.
锅穴地貌现象在西方地学界已有长足的研究,在中国地貌学界也并不陌生。锅穴通常形成于山区溪流河床,也形成于风化风蚀、石灰岩溶蚀、湖滨海岸浪蚀等作用。北美、北欧末次冰期大冰盖覆盖过的地方有冰水形成的锅穴。因此,锅穴是一种多成因的地貌现象。见到锅穴而不加多方辨别论证,一概说成是冰川形成,显然是十分危险的。风化和溶蚀形成锅穴属于物理化学作用,而流水和浪蚀形成锅穴属于水动力作用。关于水动力如何形成锅穴,西方地学界早就形成了公认的解释。冰水锅穴经过反复研究也确认,其形成机理与山区河流无异,均属湍急流水在河床局部形成环流驱动沙砾长期磨蚀的结果。既非西方人19世纪提出的"Moulin Hypothesis"能够成功解释,更非眼下国内少数人倡导的"滴水穿石"能够说明。河谷跌水比想象的冰川终端冰崖缺水更加有利。 相似文献
5.
土壤重金属环境质量矿物学评价方法 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
利用环境矿物学理论和方法阐明了土壤矿物控制重金属活动状态，具体分析了重金属在矿物表面、层间域和孔道内可能的赋存位置。实验研究结果表明，矿物吸附重金属的作用受到介质pH值、介质离子强度等因素的影响。采用系统聚类分析方法，能定量地分析稳定的硫化物结合态微量有毒有害重金属元素的数量。利用粉晶X射线衍射分析方法，能定量地测定土壤矿物组成和含量。新提出土壤环境质量矿物学方法评价流程。该方法是在利用生态地球化学方法所完成的元素总量调查成果的基础上，开展单元性与剖面性土壤矿物组成与含量测定，查明表层土壤和深层土壤的矿物组成和分布，评价土壤中重金属的赋存状态及其对食物链的影响。旨在为农业地质环境评价提供新方法，切实提高农业地质环境调查质量与服务水平。 相似文献
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中国海相碳酸盐岩勘探领域拓展历程及沉积学的基本驱动作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
回顾中国碳酸盐岩油气勘探领域的拓展历程,共经历了三个阶段:第一阶段,上世纪中后期以靖边气田等为代表的找构造高部位的岩溶型油气藏阶段;第二阶段,2000年以来以普光气田等为代表的台地边缘礁滩油气藏拓展阶段;第三阶段,2010年以来克拉通内幕白云岩油气藏新拓展阶段。沉积学的三种基本的水动力储层宏观成因模式是三大碳酸盐岩勘探领域拓展的基本驱动因素:早期勘探阶段的构造高部位岩溶储层宏观分布受控于隆起暴露期的大气水岩溶作用,台缘礁滩储层的宏观分布受控于镶边台地边缘持续的波浪作用,内幕白云岩储层的宏观分布则受控于潮汐作用。大气水岩溶模式的古水文地质系统除了作用于不整合面附近的隆起区,构造低部位和被断裂沟通的远离不整合面地区也能够发育岩溶储层,值得注意的是短暂暴露的准同生岩溶是未来重要勘探方向。浪控台缘礁滩模式具有“盆包台”、“台包盆”、“盆切台”等多种台缘结构模式,它们的储层宏观分布都处于波浪作用的高能礁滩带上,都基本符合威尔逊碳酸盐岩台地模式,只是不同地区的台地边缘具有不同的复杂形状而已,识别深部隐伏裂陷及其周缘礁滩相带是该领域勘探的难点。潮控陆表海台地潮坪模式指导了碳酸盐岩勘探向克拉通内幕白云岩的拓展,该类白云岩储层呈大面积薄互层席状产出,其宏观分布具有进积潮坪楔和潮坪岛拼嵌两种样式,是一个重要的勘探新领域。 相似文献
7.
根据旋回特征可把西藏南部的中白垩纪地层分为四个等级。第一级旋回主要是大套的碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩的交替，以及生物种类的变化，表现了当时海平面周期性变化。第二级旋回代表了古生产率和氧化还原的韵律性变化，通过对ＣａＣＯ3含量的ＡＲ-ＦＦＴ处理得出的周期（ＺＭａ）与Ｂｅｒｇｅｒ等人所计算的理论周期基本相符。因此，可以认为这种旋回根本原因是因轨道参数变化所引起的古环流改变所造成，如地中海型环流与河口型环流的互换，必将导致古生产率以及海洋水体性质的改变。第三级旋回表现为层偶的变化，如泥岩与灰岩互层以及黑色页岩与灰岩互层，在本区主要有三个周期:４.３、５.２和９.２万年，它们分别相当于斜率（ε）和偏心率（Ｃ）的理论周期值，旋回的周期主要是因为气候的变化引起陆源物质的稀释作用发生周期性变化，气候的周期性变化是由于轨道参数的改变而引起，因此，这种族回具有全球的可对比性。第四级旋回是由于海水里季节性变化所引起的纹层状层理。 相似文献
8.
《Sedimentology》1984,31(2):279-289
Book Review in this article:
Introduction to Geomagnetism , by W. D. Parkinson.
Climatic Geomorphology , by Julius Büdel, translated by Lenore Fischer and Detlef Busche.
Contributions to Sedimentology of Some Carbonate and Clastic Units of the Coastal Dinarides. Excursion Guidebook , ed. by L. J. Babić and V. Jelaska
Continental Carbonate Sedimentation and Pedogenesis , by P. Freytet and J. C. Plaziat, edited by B. H. Purser
Rivers—Form and Process in Alluvial Channels , by Keith Richards
At the Sea's Edge: an introduction to coastal oceanography for the amateur naturalist , by William T. Fox, illustrated by Clare Walker Leslie.
Changing Sea-level Along the North Coast of Kuwait Bay , by Taiba A. Al-Asfour.
Carbonate Depositional Environments , ed. by P. A. Scholle, D. G. Bebout & C. H. Moore.
Dynamic Models in Earth-Science Instruction , by W. H. Yoxall. 相似文献
Introduction to Geomagnetism , by W. D. Parkinson.
Climatic Geomorphology , by Julius Büdel, translated by Lenore Fischer and Detlef Busche.
Contributions to Sedimentology of Some Carbonate and Clastic Units of the Coastal Dinarides. Excursion Guidebook , ed. by L. J. Babić and V. Jelaska
Continental Carbonate Sedimentation and Pedogenesis , by P. Freytet and J. C. Plaziat, edited by B. H. Purser
Rivers—Form and Process in Alluvial Channels , by Keith Richards
At the Sea's Edge: an introduction to coastal oceanography for the amateur naturalist , by William T. Fox, illustrated by Clare Walker Leslie.
Changing Sea-level Along the North Coast of Kuwait Bay , by Taiba A. Al-Asfour.
Carbonate Depositional Environments , ed. by P. A. Scholle, D. G. Bebout & C. H. Moore.
Dynamic Models in Earth-Science Instruction , by W. H. Yoxall. 相似文献
9.
对煤矿长斜井盾构机（tunnel boring machine,TBM）施工的风险因素进行了识别,建立了二层次的风险评估指标体系,并确定了风险等级分类标准,利用熵权法确定风险指标的权向量,进而建立了基于集对分析法的煤矿长斜井TBM施工同异反评估模型。在此基础上利用偏联系数的理论确定了文中五元偏联系数的计算方法,根据改进的集对势理论给出风险趋势的预测方法。利用该模型对台格庙矿区煤矿长斜井（1#、2#实验井）TBM施工风险进行了评估与趋势预测。研究表明该模型与方法在煤矿长斜井TBM施工风险分析中是有效的、实用的,可为煤矿长斜井TBM施工风险分析与预测提供一种新的途径。 相似文献
10.
Spinel-type twins of magnetite in a talc rock and a talk-magnesite rock at Torika, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan have been studied by means of optical microscopy, differential interference microscopy, microprobe analysis and size distribution analysis. The growth processes are discussed in detail. The number of magnetite twins in the talc-magnesite rock is larger than in the talc rock, and the percentage of the frequency number increases rapidly with increase in grain size. It is suggested that magnetite crystals in the talc-magnesite rock have grown by rapid crystallization in the earlier stage and by a layer-growth mechanism in the later stage in the carbonation-dehydration reaction that occurred within the rock. As large number of twin nuclei formed by rapid crystallization in the earlier stage of magnetite formation. As the dehydration reaction proceeded, the number of twin nuclei gradually decreased with the lowering of supersaturation by addition of some water. Magnetite crystals in the talc rock formed after talc crystallization by silicification and dehydration reactions in the process of steatitization. The twin nuclei here must have formed with difficulty, governed by the distribution of talc which crystallized before the magnetite and at relatively low supersaturation. 相似文献
11.
A consistent pattern has been observed in the results obtained for Au in three soil and two porphyry copper ore samples serving as control reference standards in geochemical analyses. The mean reported by wet chemical methods (regardless of the measurement technique) was less than the mean by fire assay-based methods which, in turn, was less than the mean reported by laboratories using direct instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). These data have been obtained from 16 laboratories, some employing more than one method. Compared to INAA, values obtained for Au (at the 30–300 ppb level) using aqua regia (AR) dissolution were low by 24–42%, while those reported by fire assay-based methods were low by 14–26%.Studies of these samples and 32 rocks of widely varying composition revealed that the amount of Au remaining in the residue after AR attack ranged from 4% to 59% of the total. Gold dissolved by AR was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) after extraction into MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone), whereas Au remaining in the residue was determined by INAA. The slope of the line obtained by plotting Au by INAA vs. the sum of Au by AR/GFAAS and Au in the residue was not significantly different from 1.0.Modifications to the AR procedure such as prior attack by HCl or HF did not improve the recovery of Au in the three reference soils. However, reduction of sample size from 10 g to 1 g while maintaining the volume of AR at about 30 ml did increase results for Au. Furthermore, addition of HF in the attack on 1-g samples yielded results virtually identical to those obtained by INAA. It is thought that the poor extraction efficiency by AR is due to non-wetting of the larger sized sample, a lack of intimate, prolonged contact between the grains of the sample and the acid mixture and the presence of insoluble gangue surrounding Au particles. Constant agitation of the sample during evaporation with AR is desirable.The mean values obtained for Au in the soils by fire assay methods were not significantly different from the results by INAA (low by 14–19%); this was not the case for the two copper ore samples (low by 26%). This probably reflects the difficulties encountered in fire assay by high concentrations of Cu which hinder effective collection and separation of Au into the Pb button. However, the accuracy of the INAA method has not been established and is dependent upon measurement procedures and the degree of certainty associated with the Au values assumed for the reference materials employed for calibration. While estimation of precision does not present a problem, accuracy is difficult to assess in the absence of certified reference materials for Au at concentrations in the 10–300 ppb range. However, it is concluded that methods based upon AR dissolution can lead to low results, the magnitude being dependent upon the sample matrix and the mineralogical association of the Au present. 相似文献
12.
Raymond Joesten 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1977,41(5):649-670
Metamorphic reaction bands consist of mineral assemblage layers, that separate incompatible mineral assemblages, and grow by reaction at their contacts and by precipitation within the layer. The stoichiometry of these reactions is determined by the relative diffusion fluxes within adjacent layers. Using the local equilibrium-steady diffusion model of Fisher (1973), the stoichiometric coefficients of layer growth reactions can be computed from the mass balance at each layer contact and independent ratios of instantaneous fluxes within each layer.Model calculations in a ternary system show that (1) variation in bulk composition across a reaction band, expressed in terms of layer sequence, mineral formulae of phases that comprise monomineralic layers and modal proportions of phases in multimineralic layers is largely determined by the relative fluxes of components that diffuse in the same direction; (2) the fraction of the width of a reaction band produced by replacement of each of the initial reactant assemblages is largely determined by the relative fluxes of components that diffuse in opposite directions; (3) the fraction of the width of a layer produced by internal precipitation is determined by temperature and the relative fluxes of components that diffuse in opposite directions; (4) in a multilayer reaction band, only one layer can grow by reaction at both contacts, and that layer contains the initial contact between initial reactants; and (5) a reaction band cannot grow by constant volume replacement of both reactant assemblages, if the system is closed to diffusion beyond layer contacts with the initial reactant rock masses. 相似文献
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14.
Contamination and distribution of heavy metals in urban and suburban soils in Zhangzhou City,Fujian, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zhen-ang Cui Sheng-ying Qiao Zheng-yu Bao Neng-you Wu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(6):1607-1615
The urban environment is of growing concern as its continued population increase in China. Due to the urbanization and industrialization,
heavy metals have been continuously discharged into the soil recently, and creating the anthropogenic contamination. This
study investigated heavy metals contamination in urban and suburban soils in Zhangzhou City, Fujian, China. Multivariate analysis
and geographical information system technology were employed in source identification and contamination assessment of heavy
metals in the city soils. The survey results indicated that the urban soils were contaminated by heavy metals, especially
by Hg, Cd and Pb. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the distribution of Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni was controlled by pedogenesis,
Cd and Pb had been disturbed by industrialization in some urban locations, and Hg was mainly influenced by the hot-spring
in some urban park sites. The distribution of heavy metals and soil pollution index suggested the soils of Zhangzhou City
have been affected by human activities. 相似文献
15.
《Sedimentology》1987,34(3):521-530
Books review in this article:
Recognition of Fluvial Depositional Systems and their Resource Potential—SEPM Short Course No 19, by R. M. Flores, F. G. Ethridge, A. D. Miall, W. E. Galloway & T. D. Fouch
Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates, ed. by Emlyn H. Koster & Ron J. Steel
Quaternary Geology and Environment in China, ed. by Liu Tung-sheng et al., China Ocean Press
Coastal and Estuarine Sediment Dynamics, by Keith R. Dyer
Review of Jurassic sedimentary evolution and nappe emplacement in the Argolis Peninsula (Peloponnesus, Greece), by Peter O. Baumgartner
An Introduction to Carbonate Sediments and Rocks, by Terence P. Scoffin
Roles of Organic Matter in Sediment Diagenesis, ed. by D. L. Gautier
Deep Ocean Sediment Transport, ed. by A. R. M. Nowell and C. D. Hollister 相似文献
Recognition of Fluvial Depositional Systems and their Resource Potential—SEPM Short Course No 19, by R. M. Flores, F. G. Ethridge, A. D. Miall, W. E. Galloway & T. D. Fouch
Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates, ed. by Emlyn H. Koster & Ron J. Steel
Quaternary Geology and Environment in China, ed. by Liu Tung-sheng et al., China Ocean Press
Coastal and Estuarine Sediment Dynamics, by Keith R. Dyer
Review of Jurassic sedimentary evolution and nappe emplacement in the Argolis Peninsula (Peloponnesus, Greece), by Peter O. Baumgartner
An Introduction to Carbonate Sediments and Rocks, by Terence P. Scoffin
Roles of Organic Matter in Sediment Diagenesis, ed. by D. L. Gautier
Deep Ocean Sediment Transport, ed. by A. R. M. Nowell and C. D. Hollister 相似文献
16.
包气带介质截留不同龄垃圾渗滤液中的有机污染物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从渗滤液场龄和包气带岩性两方面着手,研究了不同岩性包气带介质对不同场龄渗滤液中有机污染物的截留作用规律。结果表明:新渗滤液经过以细砂、亚粘土为介质的包气带后,细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数分别从0.70%和0.87%增大至0.80%和1.00%以上,而老渗滤液使细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数降至0.70%和0.50%以下。新渗滤液经过包气带后,包气带介质中有机物的含量增大,而老渗滤液使包气带介质中有机物的含量降低,亚粘土较细砂更容易受到渗滤液污染的影响。即渗滤液性质对包气带介质中有机物含量具有方向性的影响作用,而包气带介质亚粘土比细砂更容易放大这种作用效果。 相似文献
17.
开采沉陷土体变形与孔隙水压相互作用研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文通过实验、实测和理论分析研究了开采沉陷土体变形与孔隙水压力之间的相互作用,结果表明,随着开采的进行,土体的应力变形发生变化造成了超静孔隙水压力的产生和消散,反映在土体变形上出现随开采时间延续而发展的附加压缩和膨胀变形,这种压缩或膨胀在土体的不同部位相互叠加,有时还叠加了底部含水层水位下降引起的地面下沉。这些结果揭示了厚松散含水层地区开采沉陷特殊性的机理,对开采沉陷预测及水体下采煤具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
青藏高原东南边缘规模最大的一条新生代走滑剪切带沿云南滇西的哀牢山-点苍山山脉分布。构造和地貌证据表明,该山脉的形成可能经历了4个阶段:第1阶段发生在中新世早中期(22~17百万年),以差异性大规模的隆升为特征,同时伴随着剥蚀,成因是剪切带的左行走滑运动;第2 阶段发生在20~10百万年,以区域性侵蚀为特征,山体的大部分与周边地体同时被夷平;第3阶段发生在中新世中晚期(13~9百万年),以区域性隆升和河流快速下切为特征,差异性的侵蚀导致山体雏形的形成;第4阶段始于晚新生代(5百万年),以差异性隆升为特征,其中, 点苍山的隆升是构造成因, 而哀牢山山体的形成可能与红河的下切相辅相成,有限的隆升是地壳发生均衡反弹造成的。 相似文献
19.
《Geology Today》1990,6(5):168-171
Book reviewed in this article:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Earth Sciences by A. & M. Allaby (eds).
Palaeobiology: A Synthesis by Derek E. G. Briggs and Peter R. Crowther (eds).
Tectonics of Suspect Terranes: Mountain Building and Continental Growth (Topics in the Earth Sciences 3) by D. G. Howell.
Limestones and Caves of Wales by Trevor D. Ford (ed.).
Evolution and the Fossil Record by Keith Allen and Derek Briggs (eds).
Cataclysms and Earth History: The Development of Diluvialism by Richard Huggett.
Geology in Shropshire by Peter Toghill. 相似文献
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Earth Sciences by A. & M. Allaby (eds).
Palaeobiology: A Synthesis by Derek E. G. Briggs and Peter R. Crowther (eds).
Tectonics of Suspect Terranes: Mountain Building and Continental Growth (Topics in the Earth Sciences 3) by D. G. Howell.
Limestones and Caves of Wales by Trevor D. Ford (ed.).
Evolution and the Fossil Record by Keith Allen and Derek Briggs (eds).
Cataclysms and Earth History: The Development of Diluvialism by Richard Huggett.
Geology in Shropshire by Peter Toghill. 相似文献
20.
在垂向压实和侧向压实的双重动力学机制叠加下,库车坳陷白垩系碎屑岩储层展现出的压实效应,无法用传统单一的垂向压实理论来解释。通过详实的成岩特征显微统计分析,梳理出了垂向(埋深)压实和侧向(构造)压实分别对于研究层段的压实效应。研究层段的压实效应主要由垂向压实造成,侧向压实造成的压实效应相对较弱;侧向压实减孔量占总压实减孔量的比例并不与构造应力本身的大小呈明显的正比关系,侧向构造应力施压的时间与储层垂向埋藏压实程度之间的时间配置关系、构造挤压应力的大小等因素严重制约着构造应力对于储层的侧向压实效应。 相似文献