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多通道瞬变电磁法的反演工作是在大地脉冲响应的基础上进行的,因此本文用2D有限元正演来求取大地脉冲响应,实现多道瞬变电磁法的正演模拟研究.研究工作首先在有源大地电磁法2D有限元模拟的基础上进行,原有2D有限元法的频带相对于多通道瞬变电磁法的频带是窄频的,为此采用校正法将其扩展到所需的宽度,实现了频率域宽频带有源电磁勘探方法的正演模拟;然后通过频时变换变换到时间域,得到瞬变电磁法的阶跃响应;最后通过求取阶跃响应的时间导数,得到大地脉冲响应.针对多通道瞬变电磁方法的装置特点,用有一定埋深的顺层成矿模型分析了大地脉冲响应特征,发现对有一定埋深的顺层产出的矿脉模型来说,频率域电磁场结果以及时间域大地脉冲响应结果均需移除背景场才能突出异常体的存在,然而,在实际工作中,未知的背景场限制了其实用性.为此,本文利用多通道瞬变电磁方法数据量大的特点,提出用不同偏移距的等时曲线与等时断面来展示脉冲响应模拟结果,事实表明这两种展示方式可以清晰地分辨出矿体引起的异常,且能准确定位矿体的中心在地面的投影位置,从而说明多通道瞬变电磁方法相对于频率域有源电磁方法,对有一定埋深的顺层矿床有更高的分辨能力. 相似文献
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电磁法在金属矿、油气资源等矿产的勘探中发挥重要作用,同时电磁干扰也越来越强,在强干扰区利用传统的抗噪方法很难再获取高信噪比信号.鉴于伪随机序列的抗噪能力,近年来国内正在掀起伪随机编码仪研制的高潮.伪随机序列的抗干扰能力与从伪随机响应中提取方法息息相关,本文介绍了两种最常用的提取大地脉冲信号的方法:第一种通过将时间域信号转到频率域,对电流归一化处理后,再转回时间域求取大地脉冲响应;第二种直接在时间域解Wiener-Hopf方程求取.研究表明,在无干扰情况下两种提取方法都可获得高精度大地脉冲信号.随后在具有噪声干扰的情况下,对两种方法提取结果的精度进行了对比分析,表明方法2的抗噪声能力明显优于方法1的,对造成这种状况的原因进行了解析.最后研究了提高伪随机序列抗噪能力的方法,主要包括提高伪随机序列阶数、针对不同噪音使用不同的编码方式、改变循环次数的方法等,以达到抑制噪声的目的. 相似文献
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利用逆重复M序列伪随机信号良好的自相关特性,提出相关检测地电传输特性的编码电磁勘探法.分析了编码电磁测深原理及参数提取方法.同时记录发送电流信号和多收发距电磁场响应,对源信号和场信号进行相关运算,解卷积分离接收系统响应后可得到大地的频率特性或时间特性,以此实现地电断面的精细探测.在时间域,大地冲激响应和阶跃响应含有丰富的地电信息.通过冲激响应的峰值时间或阶跃响应的晚期渐近值可估计地电阻率分布.基于层状模型的大地冲激响应和阶跃响应正演计算结果表明,编码电磁测深法对大埋深薄层目标体有精细的分辨能力.可应用于能源、矿产资源、水资源、环境地质及工程地质勘察,有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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多通道瞬变电磁法由于采用伪随机编码发射、最佳匹配相干解码技术,所以相比于传统时间域电磁方法勘探深度大且抗干扰能力强,是目前地面资源勘查领域的研究热点.针对内蒙兴安盟某铅锌银矿埋藏深度大等特点,首先根据矿区资料建立一维以及二维模型,数值计算脉冲响应并分析其特征,说明多通道瞬变电磁对于大埋深低阻异常体有良好的反映,随后通过多通道瞬变电磁技术对矿区进行实例勘查,数据处理过程中利用了反卷积的方法提取大地脉冲响应,根据轴向大地脉冲响应的峰值时刻计算视电阻率,通过对视电阻率进行全波形反演得到解释剖面,与测区钻孔资料对比分析证明,多通道瞬变电磁法是反映深部低阻异常体的有效手段. 相似文献
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对比研究双极性方波与m序列两种激励源在多通道瞬变电磁法(Multi-Transient Electromagnetic,MTEM)中的降噪性能,将大地脉冲响应的提取等效为辨识滤波器输出,通过分析辨识滤波器的谱特性量化评估不同激励源的降噪性能;通过数值模拟讨论两种激励源信号在工频噪声与白噪声环境下的大地脉冲响应辨识精度,模拟结果表明使用m序列替代双极性方波作为激励源能够大幅提高辨识精度,且残留噪声集中在码元频率及其谐频处;设计野外对比试验,采集两种激励源在弱/强干扰下的响应信号进行大地脉冲响应辨识,试验结果表明弱干扰环境下两种激励源的辨识精度相近,强干扰环境下m序列的降噪性能高于双极性方波,且噪声残留特征与数值模拟吻合. 相似文献
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近年来很多专家学者致力于时间域航空系统正反演的研究.本文针对一维均匀层状介质和三维模型进行正演.不仅计算垂直方向上的电磁响应,还计算了同线方向上的电磁响应,为航空电磁多分量观测提供理论依据.通过比较航空电磁系统的脉冲响应和阶跃响应特征,发现脉冲响应在早期时间存在奇异性,造成计算不稳定.然而,阶跃响应在早期时间没有奇异性,因而利用系统的阶跃响应可得到一种计算时间域航空电磁系统全时响应的稳定算法.该算法具有较高的精度,并很好地保持了磁场强度B和磁感应dB/dt关系的一致性.该算法推广到三维地质体的时间域正演模拟亦取得很好的效果. 相似文献
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视电阻率在电磁法勘探中起重要作用,可以作为初步解释结果,多通道瞬变电磁法通过大地脉冲响应的峰值时刻定义视电阻率.鉴于传统方法计算峰值时刻视电阻率需要恢复完整大地脉冲响应,本文通过研究大地脉冲响应及其频谱特征,提出一种新的频率域比值法.利用参考谱及其与一般谱的伸缩因子计算一般谱的峰值时刻,进而得到视电阻率.该方法只需大地脉冲响应单个频点幅度谱,从而不用估计整个大地脉冲响应.实际计算时,可以用大地脉冲响应多个频点幅度谱得到平均视电阻率.模拟数据与实测数据结果表明,在一维介质中,频率域比值法可以得到合理的视电阻率. 相似文献
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针对天然大地电磁场信号在人文活动密集地区易受噪声干扰的问题,本文提出利用两个同步测点天然电磁场时间序列之间的单位脉冲响应,合成本地点受干扰时段的数据,从而去除大地电磁噪声.首先,选择高信噪比时段的数据,采用最小二乘法,估算本地点与参考点之间的单位脉冲响应,再根据卷积定律,结合参考磁场合成本地点的磁场和电场.最后用合成数据替换含噪声时段数据,实现时间域去噪.实测高信噪比数据和含噪数据的处理结果表明,该方法可以高精度合成本地点磁场与电场信号,有效去除本地点电场和磁场噪声,包括相关噪声,提高大地电磁数据质量. 相似文献
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In shallow water the frequency domain controlled source electromagnetic method is subject to airwave saturation that strongly limits the sensitivity to resistive hydrocarbon targets at depth. It has been suggested that time‐domain CSEM may offer an improved sensitivity and resolution of these deep targets in the presence of the airwave. In order to examine and test these claims, this work presents a side‐by‐side investigation of both methods with a main focus on practical considerations, and how these effect the resolution of a hydrocarbon reservoir. Synthetic noisy data for both time‐domain and frequency domain methods are simulated using a realistic frequency dependent noise model and frequency dependent scaling for representative source waveforms. The synthetic data studied here include the frequency domain response from a compact broadband waveform, the time‐domain step‐response from a low‐frequency square wave and the time‐domain impulse response obtained from pseudo‐random binary sequences. These data are used in a systematic resolution study of each method as a function of water‐depth, relative noise and stacking length. The results indicate that the broadband frequency domain data have the best resolution for a given stacking time, whereas the time‐domain data require prohibitively longer stacking times to achieve similar resolution. 相似文献
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海洋可控源电磁法(mCSEM)的时间域冲激响应特征可以反映海底油气高阻薄层.本文计算了水平电偶极子源均匀大地半空间,海洋均匀双半空间和海洋四层模型的阶跃响应和冲激响应,提出了瞬变冲激时刻的概念.分析了水平电偶源瞬变冲激时刻与介质电导率的指示关系.对于海底油气高阻薄层宜采用多偏移距同时测量方式,由于在低电导率介质中电磁能量传播得要快,在适当的收发距瞬变冲激时刻会提前到达,提出的瞬变冲激时刻道间变化量可以明确指示高阻薄层的存在及埋深.文中还分析了海水深度对瞬变冲激时刻的影响.由于“天波”干扰,瞬变冲激响应受到一定收发距观测的限制.消除 “天波”影响是时间域和频率域mCSEM数据处理的研究热点. 相似文献
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庐枞矿集区大地电磁测深强噪声的影响规律 总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4
天然大地电磁场信号微弱,极化方向随机,极易受电磁噪声污染.张量阻抗分析、远参考技术、Robust估计等对随机噪声和不相关噪声有比较好的压制效果,但对强的相关噪声目前还没有有效的压制方法.庐枞矿集区人烟稠密、工业发达,是我国著名的铁、铜、硫等矿产基地之一,区内强烈的工业、通讯、矿山、民用等电磁干扰严重污染了大地电磁测深数据.本文首先根据实测的电磁场时间域波形和卡尼亚电阻率测深曲线形态,挑选出基本未受噪声污染的测点(Y1650).然后利用数学形态学从受严重污染的电磁场时间序列中提取出类方波、三角波、阶跃、脉冲和充放电5种典型噪声的波形,并以不同的方式将这些噪声波形与Y1650的电磁场波形叠加,对比分析加噪后Y1650点电阻率和相位测深曲线的变化,进而归纳出典型强噪声对庐枞大地电磁测深资料的影响规律,为进一步压制强噪声和资料处理提供依据. 相似文献
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多道瞬变电磁法是目前地面资源勘查领域的研究热点,开展该方法观测数据的一维反演对完成装备研发及技术推广具有积极的推动作用.针对多道瞬变电磁法特殊的源波形和数据采集方式,本文对多道瞬变电磁数据的响应提取和一维反演进行了研究.首先,采用反卷积方法从伪随机二进制序列全波形响应数据中提取大地脉冲响应.为了避免脉冲响应中空气波的干扰,提出采用反向积分算法,把脉冲响应转换成下降沿阶跃响应,并将其整理成共中点道集.最后,为充分利用各个偏移距下的响应数据对不同深度范围目标体的分辨能力,采用基于OCCAM算法的联合反演方法对共中心点道集数据进行联合反演.结果表明在不同目标体深度以及有噪声干扰的情况下,共中心点道集数据联合反演计算均可获得较好的结果. 相似文献
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主成分分析方法利用低阶主成分重构航空电磁数据,解决了航空电磁探测中噪声与数据在频谱重叠情况下的噪声压制问题,但是参与重构的低阶主成分仍包含高频空间噪声,影响数据成像精度.本文提出的主成分滤波重构去噪方法,根据自适应窗宽平滑算法,设计了主成分低通滤波器组,对参与重构的低阶主成分进行测线滤波,再将滤波后的低阶主成分重构为电磁信号,不仅可以去除低阶主成分中的高频空间噪声,而且去除了高阶主成分包含的不相关噪声.仿真数据的去噪结果表明,主成分滤波重构获得较高的信噪比,较常规测线滤波与主成分重构分别提高了10.96dB和2.52dB;电导率深度成像结果证明了主成分滤波重构方法能够提高地下深部异常体的识别能力.最后通过实测数据的成像结果进一步验证了本文研究的主成分滤波重构去噪方法的有效性. 相似文献
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Time domain electromagnetic‐induced polarisation: extracting more induced polarisation information from grounded source time domain electromagnetic data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Electrical induced polarisation surveys are used to detect chargeable materials in the earth. For interpretation of time domain electrical‐induced polarisation data a common procedure is to first invert the direct current data (electric current on time) to recover conductivity and then invert the induced polarisation data (current off‐time) to recover chargeability. This direct current‐induced polarisation inversion procedure assumes that the off time data are free of secondary electromagnetic induction effects. To comply with this, early time data are often discarded or not recorded. For mid‐time data, an electromagnetic decoupling technique, which removes electromagnetic induction in the observations, needs to be implemented. Usually, responses from a half‐space or a layered earth are subtracted. Recent capability in three‐dimensional time domain electromagnetic forward modelling and inversion allows to revisit these procedures. In a Time domain electromagnetic‐induced polarisation survey, a high sampling rate allows early time channels of the electromagnetic data to be recorded. The recovery of chargeability then follows a three‐step workflow: (i) invert early time channel time domain electromagnetic data to recover the three‐dimensional conductivity; (ii) use that conductivity to compute the time domain electromagnetic response at later time channels and subtract this fundamental response from the observations to extract the induced polarisation responses, and (iii) invert the induced polarisation responses to recover a three‐dimensional chargeability. This workflow effectively removes electromagnetic induction effects in the observations and produces better chargeability and conductivity models compared with conventional approaches. In a synthetic example involving a gradient array, we show that the conductivity structure obtained from the early time channel data, which are usually discarded, is superior to that obtained from the steady state direct current voltages. This adds a further reason to collect these electromagnetic data. 相似文献
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Microseismic events enhancement and detection in sensor arrays using autocorrelation‐based filtering 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Entao Liu Lijun Zhu Anupama Govinda Raj James H. McClellan Abdullatif Al‐Shuhail SanLinn I. Kaka Naveed Iqbal 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(6):1496-1509
Passive microseismic data are commonly buried in noise, which presents a significant challenge for signal detection and recovery. For recordings from a surface sensor array where each trace contains a time‐delayed arrival from the event, we propose an autocorrelation‐based stacking method that designs a denoising filter from all the traces, as well as a multi‐channel detection scheme. This approach circumvents the issue of time aligning the traces prior to stacking because every trace's autocorrelation is centred at zero in the lag domain. The effect of white noise is concentrated near zero lag; thus, the filter design requires a predictable adjustment of the zero‐lag value. Truncation of the autocorrelation is employed to smooth the impulse response of the denoising filter. In order to extend the applicability of the algorithm, we also propose a noise prewhitening scheme that addresses cases with coloured noise. The simplicity and robustness of this method are validated with synthetic and real seismic traces. 相似文献
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We present a new method for the extraction and removal of the source wavelet from the reflection seismogram. In contrast to all other methods currently in use, this one does not demand that there be any mathematically convenient relationship between the phase spectrum of the source wavelet and the phase spectrum of the earth impulse response. Instead, it requires a fundamental change in the field technique such that two different seismograms are now generated from each source-receiver pair: the source and receiver locations stay the same, but the source used to generate one seismogram is a scaled version of the source used to generate the other. A scaling law provides the relationship between the two source signatures and permits the earth impulse response to be extracted from the seismograms without any of the usual assumptions about phase. We derive the scaling law for point sources in an homogeneous isotropic medium. Next, we describe a method for the solution of the set of three simultaneous equations and test it rigorously using a variety of synthetic data and two types of synthetic source waveform: damped sine waves and non-minimum-phase air gun waveforms. Finally we demonstrate that this method is stable in the presence of noise. 相似文献