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1.
Significantly high abundant methyl-MethylTrimethylTridecylChromans (MTTCs) have been detected in aromatic hydrocarbon fractions in crude oils from the Jizhong Depression and Jianghan Basin. The distribution of these compounds is dominated by methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTC series, which indicate diagenetic products of a hypersaline depositional environment in the early stage and show a low degree of methylation. The occurrence of significantly high abundant methyl-MTTC depends mainly on good preservation conditions with a strongly reductive, hypersaline and water-columned depositional environment and subsequent non-intensive diagenetic transformations. The stable carbon isotopic compositions of the methyl-MTTCs and dimethyl-MTTCs in two samples are far different from the stable carbon isotopic composition of C30 hopane of apparent bacteria biogenesis (up to 4.11‰ and 5.75‰, respectively). This obviously demonstrates that the methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTCs cannot be of bacteria origin, which is different from the previous point of view about non-photosynthetic bacteria products or possible bacteria-reworked products. On the contrary, the stable carbon isotopic compositions of methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTCs in the two samples were similar to that of the same carbon-numbered n-alkanes (nC27-nC28-nC29), which indicates that they share the same source origin. Especially in the crude oil from the Zhao61 well, stable carbon isotopic compositions are also similar to that of the same carbon-numbered steranes with ααα-20R isomer (mostly less than 0.4‰). In consideration of the results of previous studies on saline lake ecological sedimentation, the authors hold that the methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTCs in the saline lake sediments should be of algal biogenesis origin.  相似文献   

2.
The abundances and distribution patterns of mono-, di- and trimethylated 2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl) chromans (MTTCs) and long-chain alkylbenzenes in extracts of marl (66 samples), anhydrite (15) and halite (1) strata of the Salt IV Formation of the Oligocene Mulhouse Basin are reported. The distributions of the methylated MTTCs indicate salinity changes of the upper part of a density stratified water column of the basin. These variations are explained by a tectonically or climatically induced change in the supply of water of relative lower salinity to form a layer overlying the deeper water brine. Hence, it is suggested that mesohaline (3.5–15%) conditions in the surface waters were established as a result of periodic incursions of marine water and subsequent evaporation. Conversely, during periods when the surface water was derived mainly from fresh water from the hinterland, lower average salinity in the surface layer resulted. The distributions of long-chain alkylbenzenes also appear to record these changes.  相似文献   

3.
A group of methyltrimethyltridecyl chromans (MTTCs) was found in core samples of Member 1 (K2n1) and Member 2 (K2n2) of the Nenjiang Formation (Upper Cretaceous) from the SK-l southern borehole (Songliao Basin, China). They are assigned for the first time in sediments older than the Tertiary in China. Their composition and distribution are indicative mainly of the redox and salinity conditions in the depositional environment. The δ-MTTC isomer is in relatively higher abundance in samples from enhanced salinity and reducing conditions, but was not detected in samples from aerobic and low salinity environments, while α-MTTC appears to be present in samples from environments with a broad range of salinity and redox conditions. The α-MTTC/γ-MTTC (α/γ) ratio has a similar indication as that of the α/δ ratio and could be used as a corroborative ratio of paleosalinity. A combination of biomarker parameters suggests that the massive lacustrine petroleum-prone source rocks associated with the K2n1 interval were likely developed under a stratified water column with enhanced salinity and an anoxic bottom water layer, associated with a much less saline (fresh to brackish) upper water layer.  相似文献   

4.
We investigated the distribution of lipids in Lower Triassic sedimentary rocks (252–247 myr) from South China, including a shallow water microbialite in the uppermost section of the outcrop. Archaeal derived hydrocarbons were the major constituents of the microbialite from the latest Early Triassic. Among these, we detected (i) abundant C40 acyclic and monocyclic biphytanes (possibly derived from glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids) and their degradation products, C30–39 pseudohomologues and (ii) a C25 head-to-tail linked (regular) isoprenoid hydrocarbon [possibly derived from dialkyl glycerol diether lipids (DGDs)] and its degradation products, C21–24 pseudohomologues and abundant pristane and phytane. Through combination of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of isoprenoid hydrocarbons, which had average δ13C values of −35‰ to −30‰, and their molecular distribution, it was not possible to unambiguously define the archaeal source for the biphytanes in the microbialite. The δ13C values for pristane and phytane were similar to those for head-to-tail linked C21–25 isoprenoids; potential source organisms for these compounds were halophilic archaea. Except for methane seep microbialites, no other ancient or recent phototrophic microbialites have been reported to contain predominantly archaeal isoprenoid hydrocarbons. Our findings suggest the presence of a new type of microbialite.  相似文献   

5.
The evolution of the global sulfur isotope curve was plotted based on the δ34S values of evaporates resultant from oceanic evaporation. In the long period of geological history the δ34S values showed obvious peaks for three times during the process of ancient oceans’ sulfur isotope evolution, namely the Early Cambrian (+30‰), the Late Devonian (+25‰) and the Permian-Triassic transition interval (+17‰), but the causes of the abnormal rise of sulfur isotopic values during the geological period are still in question. In this paper, 18 samples collected from a large Devonian barite deposit from Zhenning County were analyzed to determine their δ34S values, revealing that the 18 samples have very high δ34S values (δ34S=41.88‰-+68.39‰), with an average close to 56.30‰, which are higher than the isotopic values of contemporary sulfates (+17‰- +25‰). A comparative analysis was conducted of the emerging of high δ34S barite deposits (from Cambrian and Devonian) and the δ34S variation curves of the ancient oceans. The results indicate that the time when the obvious peaks of δ34S values appeared and the time of massive sedimentation of high δ34S barite deposits are very close to each other, which, in our opinion, is not a coincidence. There may exist some correlations between the sulfur isotope evolution of ancient oceans during the diverse periods of geological history and the massive sedimentation of high δ34S barite deposits. Therefore, it is inferred that perhaps it was the massive sedimentation of high δ34S barites that caused the sharp rise of δ34S values in a short period of time.  相似文献   

6.
We report neutron activation data for Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, Rb, Se, Te, Tl and Zn in samples of Abee heated at temperatures of 1000–1400°C in a low-pressure environment (initially ~ 10?5 atm H2) and in 9 enstatite achondrites (aubrites) and the silicate portion of the unique stony-iron, Mt Egerton. Trace element losses in heated Abee progress with temperature, the lowest retention being 2.4 × 10?6 of initial contents. These data indicate trace element loss above 1000°C via diffusion-controlled processes having apparent activation energies of 8–55 kcal/mol ; only Co exhibits a significantly higher energy. These trace element data and those for aubrites, Mt Egerton and E4–6 chondrites, and mineralogic and isotopic evidence link all enstatite meteorites to a common parent body. Volatile, mobile elements vary inversely with cobalt content in aubrites and Mt Egerton but directly in E4–6 chondrites; this is inconsistent with all genetic models positing fractionation of such elements during nebular condensation and accretion. However, the data are consistent with the idea that aubrites and Mt. Egerton reflect fractional crystallization of a magma produced from enstatite chondrite-like parent material (probably E6) and late introduction of chalcophiles and mobile elements transported by FeS-Fe eutectic from an E4–6 region experiencing open-system metamorphism. As suggested earlier, the only primary process that affected enstatite meteorites involved fractionation of non-volatile lithophiles from sulfides and metal during condensation and accretion of chondritic parent material from the nebula. If, as seems likely, volatile/mobile elements reflect secondary processes, they can only be used to establish alteration conditions within the enstatite parent body and not to estimate temperatures during primary nebular condensation and accretion.  相似文献   

7.
Thirty one crude oil samples from Lower Cretaceous reservoirs in southern Iraq were analyzed using bulk property and molecular methods to determine their maturity and biomarker characteristics, as well as to obtain information on their respective source rocks. All the oils are unaltered, non-biodegraded, have high sulfur content and API gravity is in the range for light to heavy oil (19–40° API). They are characterized by low Pr/Ph values, even/odd predominance and front-end biased n-alkane distributions. Based on these parameters the oils were generated and expelled from a marine carbonate source rock bearing Type II-S kerogen. Compositional similarities of hopane and sterane biomarkers with those from potential source rocks allowed identification of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Sulaiy and Yamama carbonate succession as the effective source beds. A similar composition of normal and isoprenoid hydrocarbons among the oils suggests an origin from a common source rock. However, biomarker maturity ratios indicate a wide range of maturity. This appears to result from the type of burial history of the source rock, characterized by a slow passage through the liquid window interval during an extended period of geologic time.  相似文献   

8.
The Qinling Orogenic Belt was formed by subduction and collision between the North and South China Blocks along the Shangdan suture. The Songshugou ultramafic massif located on the northern side of the Shangdan suture provides essential insights into the mantle origin and evolutionary processes during spreading and subduction of the Shangdan oceanic lithosphere. The ultramafic massif comprises harzburgite, coarse- and fine-grained dunites. The spinels from harzburgite exhibit low Cr# and high Mg# numbers, suggesting a mid-ocean ridge peridotite origin, whereas spinels from both coarse- and fine-grained dunites are indicated as resulted from melt-rock reaction due to their systematic higher Cr# and low Mg# numbers. This melt-rock reaction in the dunites is also indicated by the low TiO2 (mostly <0.4 wt%) in the spinel and high Fo (90–92) in olivines. Due to its relatively homogeneous nature in the mantle, oxygen isotopic composition is a sensitive indicator for the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Songshugou ultramafic rocks. Based on in-situ oxygen isotope analyses of olivines from twenty-six rock samples, most harzburgites from the Songshugou ultramafic massif show low δ18O values of 4.54–5.30‰, suggesting the olivines are equilibrium with N-MORB magmas and originally formed in a mid-ocean ridge setting. The coarse- and fine-grained dunites exhibit slightly higher olivine δ18O values of 4.69–6.00‰ and 5.00–6.11‰, respectively, suggesting they may have been modified by subduction-related boninitic melt-rock reaction. The δ18O values of olivines systematically increasing from the harzburgites, to coarse-grained dunites and fine-grained dunites may suggest enhancing of melt-rock reaction. The decreasing of Os concentration, 187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os ratios from harzburgite to dunite suggest an 187Os-enriched, subduction zone melt was responsible for creating the melt channel for melt-rock reactions. Together with the high-temperature ductile deformation microstructures, these isotopic and mineral geochemical features suggest that the harzburgites represent mantle residues after partial melting at mid-ocean ridge or supra-subduction zone, while the dunites were probably resulted from reactions between boninitic melt and harzburgites in a supra-subduction zone. Re-Os geochronology yields a maximum Re depletion model age (TRD) of 805 Ma, constraining the minimum formation age of the harzburgites derived from oceanic mantle. Eight samples of whole rock and chromite yield a Re-Os isochron age of 500 ± 120 Ma, constraining the timing of melt-rock reactions. Combined with the regional geology and our previous investigations, the Songshugou ultramafic rocks favors a mantle origin at mid-ocean ridge before 805 Ma, and were modified by boninitic melt percolations in a SSZ setting at ca. 500 Ma. This long-term tectonic process from spreading to subduction might imply a huge Pan-Tethyan ocean between the Laurasia (e.g., North China Block) and Gondwana (e.g., South China Block) and/or a one-side subduction.  相似文献   

9.
Classifying inundation limits in SE coast of India: application of GIS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A study on the possible inundation limit in SE coast of India was carried out using various physical, geological and satellite imageries. The coastal inundation hazard map was prepared for this particular region as it was affected by many cyclones, flooding, storm surge and tsunami waves during the last six decades. The results were generated using various satellite data (IRS-P6 LISS3; LANDSAT ETM; LANDSAT-5 ETM; LANDSAT MSS) and digital elevation models (ASTER GLOBAL DEM), and a coastal vulnerability index was generated for the entire coastal stretch of Nagapattinam region in SE coast of India. The coastal area which will be submerged totally due to a 1–5 m rise in water level due to any major natural disaster (tsunami or cyclone) indicates that 56–320 km2 will be submerged in this particular region. The results suggest that nearly 7 towns and 69 villages with 667,477 people will be affected and indicate that proper planning needs to be done for future development.  相似文献   

10.
The nature and distribution of organic matter in geological cherts of archaeological use can serve to estimate the sources and origins of some remains of lithic industry. For example, organic and biomarker analysis can provide information to allow a deeper insight into source catchment areas, artefact displacement or the way in which the artefacts were employed. In this work, soluble (bitumen) and insoluble (kerogen) organic matter were isolated from several chert samples with different depositional history and analysed by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and spectroscopic techniques such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Chemometric treatment of the results allowed observation of differences between organic matter content on the basis of the depositional setting of the cherts. Samples with a continental deposition seemed to preserve more organic matter with little alteration. The hydrocarbon profiles of these samples were dominated by high molecular weight n-alkanes, alkylcyclohexanes and isoprenoid groups which allowed distinguishing them from the rest of the analysed samples.  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of available data on the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of impact-produced glasses showed that tektites and some other types of impact glasses are reduced compared with the precursor target material. Possible reasons for the change in the degree of iron oxidation in the impact process are still debatable. Based on the analysis of redox reactions in relatively simple systems with iron in different oxidation states (Fe-O and SiO2-FeO-Fe2O3) and the available data on the influence of temperature, oxygen partial pressure (pO2), and total pressure (P tot) on the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of silicate melts, a model was proposed suggesting that the lower Fe3+/Fe2+ values of tektites formed in the impact process compared with the initial target material could be related to the characteristics of oxygen regime during the decompression stage following shock compression. One of the main prerequisites for the occurrence of reduction reactions involving iron and other elements is the attainment of high temperatures (>1800–2000°C) at a certain stage of decompression, providing the complete melting and partial evaporation of the material. When the vapor pressure in the system becomes equal to the total pressure during adiabatic decompression, a further decrease in P tot will be inevitably accompanied by a decrease in pO2 and, correspondingly, partial reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in the melt. The reactions of decompression reduction occur under closed-system conditions and do not require oxygen removal from the system. The higher the temperature and Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of the melt, the more extensive iron reduction can be observed during the final stages of decompression. If the temperatures attained during decompression after an impact event are sufficient (>2500–3000°C) for the complete evaporation of the material, the melt produced during subsequent condensation must be significantly more reduced than the initial material. The final stage of the impact process is characterized by a catastrophic expansion of the explosion cloud, condensation, and rapid cooling. During this stage, the system is already not closed. The quenched glasses of this stage record the redox state of earlier melts. In addition, they can contain microinclusions of the products of nonequilibrium vapor condensation with iron compounds of different oxidation states, including metallic iron and iron oxides (wüstite, magnetite, and hematite).  相似文献   

12.
The chemical equilibrium distribution of 69 elements between gas and melt is modeled for bulk silicate Earth (BSE) material over a wide P – T range (1000–4500 K, 10−6–102 bar). The upper pressure end of this range may occur during lunar formation in the aftermath of a Giant Impact on the proto-Earth. The lower pressures may occur during evaporation from molten silicates on achondritic parent bodies. The virial equation of state shows silicate vapor behaves ideally in the P - T range studied. The BSE melt is modeled as a non-ideal solution and the effects of different activity coefficients and ideal solution are studied. The results presented are 50% condensation temperatures, major gas species of each element, and the pressure and temperature dependent oxygen fugacity (fO2) of dry and wet BSE material. The dry BSE model has no water because it excludes hydrogen; it also excludes the volatile elements (C, N, F, Cl, Br, I, S, Se, Te). The wet BSE model has water because it includes hydrogen; it also includes the other volatiles. Some key conclusions include the following: (1) much higher condensation temperatures in silicate vapor than in solar composition gas at the same total pressure due to the higher metallicity and higher oxygen fugacity of silicate vapor (cf. Fegley et al. 2020), (2) a different condensation sequence in silicate vapor than in solar composition gas, (3) good agreement between different activity coefficient models except for the alkali elements, which show the largest differences between models, (4) agreement, where overlap exists, with prior published silicate vapor condensation calculations (e.g., Canup et al. 2015, Lock et al. 2018, Wang et al. 2019), (5) condensation of Re, Mo, W, Ru, Os oxides instead of metals over the entire P – T range, (6) a stability field for Ni-rich metal as reported by Lock et al. (2018), (7) agreement between ideal solution (from this work and from Lock et al. 2018) and real solution condensation temperatures for elements with minor deviations from ideality in the oxide melt, (8) similar 50% condensation temperatures, within a few degrees, in the dry and wet BSE models for the major elements Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si, and the minor elements Co, Cr, Li, Mn, Ti, V, and (9) much lower 50% condensation temperatures for elements such as B, Cu, K, Na, Pb, Rb, which form halide, hydroxide, sulfide, selenide, telluride and oxyhalide gases. The latter results are preliminary because the solubilities and activities of volatile elements in silicate melts are not well known, but must be considered for the correct equilibrium distribution, 50% condensation temperatures and mass balance of halide (F, Cl, Br, I), hydrogen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium bearing species between silicate melt and vapor.  相似文献   

13.
The Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian time is the cradle of multicellular, eukaryotic life and thereafter metazoan life started populating the planet. Biomarkers, which record the chronicles of biotic events on Earth, have been investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry from a suite of nine oil samples extracted from oil stained sediments and a crude oil of Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian age from Bikaner-Nagaur Basin, western India. The biomarker distribution is characterized by high concentration of both tricyclic terpanes and pentacyclic hopanes. The predominance of C29 regular sterane over C27 and C28 steranes indicates green algal contribution and may imply the prominence and diversification of the same algal group. The low pristane/phytane ratio and occurrence of substantial quantity of gammacerane, monomethyl 2-methyl-2-(2,4,8-trimethyltridecyl) chroman and 1,1,7,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4 tetrahydrophenanthrene are indicative of stratified water column as well as anoxic and enhanced salinity condition of the environment of deposition. This paper reports for the first time the presence of methyltrimethyltridecyl chromans (MTTCs) from Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian time. Putative C19 norsteranes, probably indicative of sponge input, are recorded in the studied samples and also reported from other infracambrian oils and sediments. Normal alkanes (n-C17 and n-C18) and isoprenoids (pristane and phytane) are highly depleted in δ13C. The overall biomarker distribution and carbon isotope data of oils from Bikaner-Nagaur Basin show similarities with those of other infracambrian oils like Huqf oils from Oman and Baykit High oils from eastern Siberia.  相似文献   

14.
This study reports new zircon U–Pb ages, Lu–Hf isotope data, and oxygen isotope data for Mesozoic Mo-bearing granitoids in the eastern Xing–Meng Orogenic Belt (XMOB) of Northeast China, within the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Combining these new laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb ages with the results of previous research indicates that two stages of Mo-bearing granitoid magmatism occurred in the eastern XMOB, during the Early–Middle Jurassic (200–165 Ma) and the Early Cretaceous (ca. 111 Ma). The eastern XMOB also contains Mo-bearing granitoids with variable δ18O compositions that record variations in source oxygen isotopic compositions. Combining δ18O data with zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic data provides evidence of the origin of these granitoids. Three types of zircon have been identified within these granitoids. Type 1 zircons formed during the Mesozoic and having high δ18O values (5.71–7.05‰) that are consistent with the compositions of magmatic zircons from the Luming, Jiapigou, and Kanchuangou areas. These zircons suggest that the Mo-bearing granitoids were derived from a source containing supracrustal materials. The type 2 zircons have extremely low and heterogeneous δ18O values (4.64–4.89‰) that are consistent with the compositions of magmatic zircons from the Jidetun and Fuanpu areas. These magmas were generated by the remelting of juvenile crustal material that was previously significantly modified by interaction with fluids. Type 3 zircons generally have mantle-like δ18O values (5.42–5.57‰), with several zircons yielding higher δ18O values, suggesting that these intrusions formed from mantle-derived magmas that assimilated and were metasomatized by crustal material. Combining these geochemical data with the geology of this region indicates that the Mo-bearing granitoids were generated as a result of subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent.  相似文献   

15.
Bencubbin is a breccia containing metal and silicate clasts, along with occasional chondritic fragments. The breccia is cemented together by a small amount of shock-melted metal-silicate matrix. There is no evidence, however, for complete melting of either metal or silicate clasts after their incorporation within the breccia. The main metal phase occurs as rounded and angular clasts of Fe-Ni. Each clast is chemically homogeneous, but systematic chemical variations between clasts are observed with Ni concentrations varying from ? 5.3 wt% in some clasts up to 7.5 wt% in others. Cobalt concentrations vary between clasts from 0.25 to 0.35 wt% and are positively correlated with Ni. The Co and Ni concentrations are consistent with the metal condensation path (pressure ? 10-3 atm) predicted by Grossman and Olsen (1974, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta38, 173–187). The P vs Ni concentrations are consistent with the metal condensation path (pressure ? 10?4atm) predicted by Wai et al. (1978, Lunar and Planetary Science IX, pp. 1193–1195). Thus we believe that Bencubbin metal clasts may record chemical information imparted during condensation of the metal from the nebula. Chromium concentrations in Bencubbin metal (0.05–0.30 wt%) greatly exceed concentrations observed in iron meteorites as predicted by Grossman and Olsen (1974, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta38, 173–187) for metal condensates from the solar nebula. The Cr-Ni trend in Bencubbin, however, is positively correlated with Ni, in contrast to the predicted condensation trend. This unexpected correlation may be the result of subsequent redistribution of Cr between metal and micron-sized troilite blebs. The incorporation of these troilite blebs within the metal clasts is difficult to explain in terms of low temperature (? 700 K) condensation of troilite. The possible explanations for the presence of the troilite may or may not be consistent with an unaltered primitive composition for the metal clasts. High temperature equilibrium condensation of Bencubbin metal, however, is also supported by the low Ga and Ge contents reported by Kallemeynet al. (1978, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta42, 507–515). Three of the metal clasts were found to contain ?2.3wt% Si in alloy with the metal. The compositions of these clasts are consistent with equilibrium condensation at a pressure of ? 1 atm from a gas of cosmic composition. The Si-rich clasts could also have condensed at lower pressures from a gas with a fractionated CO ratio relative to cosmic abundances.  相似文献   

16.
The geodynamic nature of the Late Neoproterozoic island-arc dacites (691 ± 8.8 Ma) and rift basalts (572 ± 6.5 Ma) of the Kiselikhinskaya Formation, Kutukasskaya Group, in the Isakovskii terrane is inferred from geochemical data and U–Pb zircon (SHRIMP-II) dates. The volcanic rocks were produced during the late evolutionary history of the Yenisei Range, starting at the origin of oceanic crustal fragments and their accretion to the Siberian craton to the postaccretionary crustal extension and the onset of the Caledonian orogenesis. The reproduced sequence of geological processes marks the early evolution of the Paleo- Asian Ocean in its junction zone with the Siberian craton. The data refine the composition and age of volcanic rocks in the trans-Angara part of the Yenisei Range and specifics of the Neoproterozoic evolution of the Sayan–Yenisei accretionary belt.  相似文献   

17.
The Fengjia barite–fluorite deposit in southeast Sichuan is a stratabound ore deposit which occurs mainly in Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks. Here we present results from fluid inclusion and oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to determine the nature and origin of the hydrothermal fluids that generated the deposit. The temperature of the ore‐forming fluid shows a range of 86 to 302 °C. Our detailed microthermometric data show that the temperature during mineralization of the fluorite and barite in the early ore‐forming stage was higher than that during the formation of the calcite in the late ore‐forming stage. The salinity varied substantially from 0.18% to 21.19% NaCl eqv., whereas the density was around 1.00 g/cm3. The fluid composition was mainly H2O (>91.33%), followed by CO2, CH4 and traces of C2H6, CO, Ar, and H2S. The dominant cation was Na+ and the dominant anion Cl‐, followed by Ca2+, SO42‐, K+, and Mg2+, indicating a mid–low‐temperature, mid‐low‐salinity, low‐density NaCl–H2O system. Our results demonstrate that the temperature decreased during the ore‐forming process and the fluid system changed from a closed reducing environment to an open oxidizing environment. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data demonstrate that the hydrothermal fluids in the study area had multiple sources, primarily formation water, as well as meteoric water and metamorphic water. Combined with the geological setting and mineralization features we infer that the stratabound barite–fluorite deposits originated from mid–low‐temperature hydrothermal fluids and formed vein filling in the fault zone.  相似文献   

18.
地壳演化过程中铬铝云母标型性探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
鲁安怀  陈光远 《地质论评》1997,43(5):476-482
对于早期地壳性质及晚期地壳演化的研究一直是地质学界关注的课题,本文将以矿物系统发生史研究为指导,通过详细研究全球范围内103个(包括笔者完成的42个样品)铬铝云母样品在地壳中的分布规律及其化学成分和矿物种标型特征时空演化规律,认为早期地壳中幔源物质铬与壳源物质铝交互作用导致铬铝云母的形成,从而为认识早期地壳具有硅铝质组成提供了佐证。在晚期地壳演化尤其是成矿作用方面,提出了铬铝云母标型性特征,确立了铬铝云母在自然历史中固有的位置和作用。  相似文献   

19.
Throughout the geological history of the Earth, submarine hydrothermal activity has played an important role in seawater chemistry, biological evolution and enrichment of metals in the Earth crust. However, the prospect of hydrothermal activity for extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian, a key geological period, in South China has not been well-constrained. This study reports geochemical (e.g. REE and Sr isotope) investigations of a coarse-grained limestone layer and associated calcite veins in Zunyi and Nayong areas, Guizhou Province, to constrain the hydrothermal activity and evaluate the significance of hydrothermal contribution to extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian, South China. Our results reveal positive Eu anomalies and higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7083–0.7150) for carbonate samples than those of early Cambrian seawater, indicating the presence of hydrothermal processes. Combined with constraints from the spatial relationships and coincidence with adjacent mineralization, these hydrothermal processes provide the most probable contribution for polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE mineralization. Furthermore, there are abundant hydrothermal dolomite and barite-calcite veins in the dolostone of the Dengying Formation, indicating the occurrence of a variety of hydrothermal fluids. Overall, multi-stage hydrothermal pulses with different fluid compositions spanned the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition in South China. In particular, these hydrothermal fluids with positive Eu anomalies and enriched radiogenic Sr, originating from Proterozoic mafic/ultramafic rocks, may have flowed through the underlying Precambrian silicate clastic rocks (e.g., Xiajiang, Banxi and Lengjiaxi Groups) and may have been crucial for the marine environment, biological diversity and extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian, South China.  相似文献   

20.
The Ransko gabbro–peridotite massif in Eastern Bohemia is a strongly differentiated intrusive complex, which hosts low-grade Ni–Cu ores mainly developed close to the contact of olivine-rich rocks with gabbros, in troctolites, and to a much lesser extent in both pyroxene and olivine gabbros and plagioclase-rich peridotites. Gabbro, troctolite, peridotite and Ni–Cu ores from the Jezírka Ni–Cu (PGE) deposit, considered to be a typical example of the liquid segregation style of mineralization, were analyzed for Re–Os concentrations and isotopic ratios. Seven barren and mineralized samples from the Jezírka deposit yielded a Re–Os regression of 341.5?±?7.9 Ma (MSWD?=?69). Strongly mineralized peridotite with mantle-like initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.125 suggests that Os as well as other PGE present in the Ni–Cu mineralization are predominantly of mantle origin. On the other hand, barren and low-mineralized samples have radiogenic initial 187Os/188Os ratios of 0.14–0.16 suggesting some import of Re and/or radiogenic 187Os most likely through contamination by continental crust during magma emplacement. The Re–Os age of the Ransko Massif is significantly younger than the previously suggested Lower Cambrian age, but it is similar to and/or younger than the age of metamorphism of the adjacent Kutná Hora crystalline complex and the Moldanubian unit. Therefore, it is likely that the emplacement of the Ransko massif and its Ni–Cu mineralization was closely connected with the late-stage evolution of the Kutná Hora crystalline complex.  相似文献   

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