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1.
地下水硝酸盐中氮、氧同位素研究现状及展望   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
朱琳  苏小四 《世界地质》2003,22(4):396-403
农业区内浅层地下水中硝酸盐污染普遍存在。为保证供水安全和有效治理污染的地下水体。确定硝酸盐中氮的来源及影响硝酸盐浓度的物理、化学作用尤为重要。由于不同成因的硝酸盐中δ^15N值存在差异，利用N同位素可以确定氮污染源，但有时存在多解性问题；分析硝酸盐的δ^18O值，可提高地下水硝酸盐污染的研究深度。本文综述了用硝酸盐中N、O同位素来区分地下水污染中硝酸盐的不同来源和示踪氮循环过程这两方面的研究进展，并提出一些值得重视的研究方向。  相似文献   

2.
西山岩溶水作为北京市重要的供水水源,在区域水文地质调查过程中发现西山岩溶水补给区一些样品硝酸盐浓度偏高,然而其周围岩溶水中硝酸盐浓度并未见明显变化（浓度均值为18.81 mg/L）,具点状硝酸盐源特征。岩溶含水层中硝酸盐分布特征和影响因素具有重要的研究意义。文章利用岩溶水化学和同位素分析结果研究了岩溶水硝酸盐分布和来源,利用IsoSource软件计算各来源的贡献率。结果表明:军庄—永丰屯径流区和军庄—古城—玉泉山泉径流区岩溶水中硝酸盐主要来源于生活废水、土壤有机氮矿化和大气沉降,贡献率值分别为37.1%、36.3%、26.6%;潭柘寺—四季青岩溶水中硝酸盐在潭柘寺补给区有养殖场废水下渗影响,径流区中硝酸盐含量低并发生反硝化降解作用。永定河水源硝酸盐不是岩溶水硝酸盐的主要来源。研究成果对西山岩溶水中硝酸盐的控制具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

3.
黄河三角洲地下水咸化已成为区域最突出的生态环境问题之一。识别地下水补给及盐分来源是有效控制和改善地下水咸化问题的关键。本研究采集了研究区浅层地下水、地表水和海水等不同类型水样,利用离子比、Piper三线图、吉布斯图等方法对八大离子浓度、δD和δ18O 组成、Br和Sr 浓度等进行地下水补给研究与盐分来源辨析。结果表明:(1)黄河三角洲浅层地下水以总溶解性固体(TDS)为338 g/L的咸水为主,地下水水化学类型较为单一,主要为Cl-Na型。(2)三角洲区域地下水以大气降水补给为主,并且在补给过程中经历了不同程度的蒸发作用的影响,黄河现行流路区域地下水主要来源于河水侧渗补给,但浅层地下水含水层水平渗透性较差限制了黄河侧渗补给范围。(3)海洋是黄河三角洲浅层地下水盐分的主要来源,黄河现行流路区域及近岸地下水盐分来源于海水混合,三角洲北部刁口河等古河道区域地下水盐分主要来源于海相蒸发盐淋滤溶解。  相似文献   

4.
地下水中高浓度的铵态氮对生活饮用水安全及生态环境存在潜在威胁。相比较硝态氮，高浓度的铵态氮不仅有各种人为来源，天然沉积环境更是造成高铵地下水的主要成因。本文以城镇化快速发展的珠江三角洲为研究区，运用数理统计、主成分分析等方法深入探讨了研究区高铵地下水的赋存环境特征及驱动因素。结果表明，研究区地下水中NH4+质量浓度介于未检出~180 mg/L。研究区1539组地下水样品中，NH4+质量浓度大于10 mg/L的高铵地下水69组，其中含NH4+质量浓度大于30 mg/L的高铵"肥水"23组。对比2005-2008年历史水化学数据，2009-2018年新增建设用地孔隙含水层高铵地下水样品比例增加25%。高铵地下水呈斑块状分布于三角洲平原区第四系底部低洼的基底、洼地等退积层序发育的淤泥质含水层中。淤泥层等富含有机质和总有机碳的沉积层是珠江三角洲地区的"生铵层"，有机氮的矿化是三角洲平原区城市化孔隙含水层中高铵地下水的主要驱动力。城镇化扩张引起生活污水及富铵工业废水的泄漏入渗是城乡结合部高铵地下水铵氮的重要来源。三角洲平原区中性至弱碱性富含有机质的还原环境是高铵地下水的主要成因。风化溶滤、阳离子交换吸附、海陆交互作用是珠江三角洲高铵地下水质演变的主要水文地球化学过程。  相似文献   

5.
Agricultural coastal areas are frequently affected by the superimposition of various processes, with a combination of anthropogenic and natural sources, which degrade groundwater quality. In the coastal multi-aquifer system of Arborea (Italy)—a reclaimed morass area identified as a nitrate vulnerable zone, according to Nitrate Directive 91/676/EEC—intensive agricultural and livestock activities contribute to substantial nitrate contamination. For this reason, the area can be considered a bench test for tuning an appropriate methodology aiming to trace the nitrate contamination in different conditions. An approach combining environmental isotopes, water quality and hydrogeological indicators was therefore used to understand the origins and attenuation mechanisms of nitrate pollution and to define the relationship between contaminant and groundwater flow dynamics through the multi-aquifer characterized by sandy (SHU), alluvial (AHU), and volcanic hydrogeological (VHU) units. Various groundwater chemical pathways were consistent with both different nitrogen sources and groundwater dynamics. Isotope composition suggests a mixed source for nitrate (organic and synthetic fertilizer), especially for the AHU and SHU groundwater. Moreover, marked heterotrophic denitrification and sulfate reduction processes were detected; although, for the contamination related to synthetic fertilizer, the attenuation was inefficient at removing NO3? to less than the human consumption threshold of 50 mg/L. Various factors contributed to control the distribution of the redox processes, such as the availability of carbon sources (organic fertilizer and the presence of lagoon-deposited aquitards), well depth, and groundwater flow paths. The characterization of these processes supports water-resource management plans, future actions, and regulations, particularly in nitrate vulnerable zones.  相似文献   

6.
The aim of this study is to apply an integrated approach to determine nitrate sources and fate in the alluvial aquifer of the River Vibrata (Abruzzi, central Italy) by coupling the Isotope and the Component approaches. Collected data include concentration and nitrogen isotope composition of groundwater samples from the alluvial aquifer and nitrogen loads arising from agricultural and non-agricultural sources. The adopted methodology identified synthetic fertilizers as main sources of nitrate in the Vibrata alluvial aquifer. At the catchment scale, two different zones have been identified: the Upper Valley, where infiltration to groundwater is dominant and nitrogen easily migrates into the aquifer; in this area, nitrate content in groundwater is stable and normally higher than EU requirements. Moreover, streamwaters are fed by groundwater with a nitrate content likely lowered by denitrification processes occurring in the hyporheic zone. In the Lower Valley, runoff processes dominate and the nitrate content in surface waters is higher. Nevertheless, groundwater is locally affected by denitrification that breaks down the nitrate content, which often reaches values consistent with law limits.  相似文献   

7.
The study of temporal and spatial variations of nitrate in groundwater under different soil nitrogen environments is helpful to the security of groundwater resources in agricultural areas. In this paper, based on 320 groups of soil and groundwater samples collected at the same time, geostatistical analysis and multiple regression analysis were comprehensively used to conduct the evaluation of nitrogen contents in both groundwater and soil. From May to August, as the nitrification of groundwater is dominant, the average concentration of nitrate nitrogen is 34.80 mg/L; The variation of soil ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is moderate from May to July, and the variation coefficient decreased sharply and then increased in August. There is a high correlation between the nitrate nitrogen in groundwater and soil in July, and there is a high correlation between the nitrate nitrogen in groundwater and ammonium nitrogen in soil in August and nitrate nitrogen in soil in July. From May to August, the area of low groundwater nitrate nitrogen in 0–5 mg/L and 5–10 mg/L decreased from 10.97% to 0, and the proportion of high-value area (greater than 70 mg/L) increased from 21.19% to 27.29%. Nitrate nitrogen is the main factor affecting the quality of groundwater. The correlation analysis of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater, nitrate nitrogen in soil and ammonium nitrogen shows that they have a certain period of delay. The areas with high concentration of nitrate in groundwater are mainly concentrated in the western part of the study area, which has a high consistency with the high value areas of soil nitrate distribution from July to August, and a high difference with the spatial position of soil ammonia nitrogen distribution in August.  相似文献   

8.
由于人类活动影响,水体硝态氮污染已经成为世界范围内的环境问题。硝态氮污染不仅会造成水体富营养化,长期摄入过量硝酸盐还会严重威胁人体健康,控制并解决水体硝态氮污染是我国经济社会发展过程中亟待解决的重要环境问题。我国西南喀斯特地区是世界上面积最大、发育最典型和人地矛盾尖锐的岩溶连续分布带,具有十分脆弱且高度敏感的生态系统。与非喀斯特地区相比,这里水体硝态氮污染情况更为复杂和严重。因此,明确西南喀斯特地区内硝态氮的时空分布特征并对其来源进行解析是有效治理的前提。本研究梳理了近几十年来西南喀斯特地区水体硝态氮的现代监测结果,探讨了水体硝态氮时空分布特征、来源及受控机制等问题,发现:(1)区域内地表水硝态氮平均检出质量浓度不高,地下水检出质量浓度波动范围较大;(2)近几十年来,地表水硝态氮质量浓度整体呈现小幅增长趋势,而地下水检出质量浓度随时间的变化存在地域差异;(3)降水的稀释和冲携作用对区域内硝态氮质量浓度及分布的影响不容忽视,而人类活动导致的土地利用变化带来的影响可能成为未来的主控因素;(4)区域内水体硝态氮主要来源于铵态化肥、土壤有机氮、粪肥及污水,硝化作用是主要的转化过程。研究结果将为进一步认识喀斯特地区氮循环过程及促进地区可持续发展提供理论基础。  相似文献   

9.
针对硝酸盐对地下水污染的严重性，介绍了用CaO除去CO2和H2O的测定氮同位素比值的燃烧等方法和和利用AgNO3 C(石墨）生成CO2的测定NO^-3中氧同位素比值的燃烧法，研究了用^15N和^18O同位素分析地下水中NO^-3来源和判断硝化作用和反硝化作用的发生机理。  相似文献   

10.
Geochemical and isotopic characterization of groundwater and lake-water samples were combined with water and total dissolved solids balances to evaluate sources of groundwater quality deterioration in eastern Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. Groundwater quality is poor; 11 of 13 wells exceed drinking-water guidelines for at least one health-based parameter and all wells exceed aesthetic guidelines. The well water is largely derived from Yellow River irrigation water. Notably high uranium concentrations in the Yellow River, relative to world rivers, suggest groundwater uranium and other trace elements may originate in the river-derived irrigation water. Complex hydrostratigraphy and spatial variation in groundwater recharge result in spatially complex groundwater flow and geochemistry. Evapotranspiration of irrigation water causes chloride concentration increases of up to two orders of magnitude in the basin, notably in shallow groundwater around Wuliangsuhai Lake. In addition to evapotranspiration, groundwater quality is affected by mineral precipitation and dissolution, silicate weathering, and redox processes. The lake-water and TDS balances suggest that a small amount of discharge to groundwater (but associated with very high solute concentrations) contributes to groundwater salinization in this region. Increasing salinity in the groundwater and Wuliangsuhai Lake will continue to deteriorate water quality unless irrigation management practices improve.  相似文献   

11.
Nitrate (NO3 −) is major pollutant in groundwater worldwide. Karst aquifers are particularly vulnerable to nitrate contamination from anthropogenic sources due to the rapid movement of water in their conduit networks. In this study, the isotopic compositions (δ15N–NO3 −, δ15N–NH4 +) and chemical compositions(e.g., NO3 −, NH4 +, NO2 −, K+) were measured in groundwater in the Zunyi area of Southwest China during summer and winter to identify the primary sources of contamination and characterize the processes affecting nitrate in the groundwater. It was found that nitrate was the dominant species of nitrogen in most of the water samples. In addition, the δ15N–NO3 − values of water samples collected in summer were lower than those collected in winter, suggesting that the groundwater received a significant contribution of NO3 − from agricultural fertilizer during the summer. Furthermore, the spatial variation in the concentration of nitrate and the δ15N–NO3 − value indicated that some of the urban groundwater was contaminated with pollution from point sources. In addition, the distribution of δ15N–NO3 − values and the relationship between ions in the groundwater indicated that synthetic and organic fertilizers (cattle manure) were the two primary sources of nitrate in the study area, except in a few cases where the water had been contaminated by urban anthropogenic inputs. Finally, the temporal and spatial variation of the water chemistry and isotopic data indicated that denitrification has no significant effect on the nitrogen isotopic values in Zunyi groundwater.  相似文献   

12.
氮、氧同位素在地下水硝酸盐污染研究中的应用   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
周迅  姜月华 《地球学报》2007,28(4):389-395
硝酸盐是地下水中难以去除的稳定污染物之一,是地下水氮(N)污染的主要形式.不同氮来源的硝酸盐氮、氧(O)同位素组成不同,可利用N、O同位素并结合其他同位素技术示踪硝酸盐污染源,识别反硝化过程,对于有效控制污染源和评估地下水对硝酸盐污染的恢复自净能力有重要意义.本文介绍了N、O同位素技术在地下水硝酸盐污染源追踪和反硝化过程的识别方面的原理和应用以及目前发展状况.  相似文献   

13.
Twenty private wells and ten stream locations were sampled to assess the source and fate of dissolved nitrate in the Cedar River watershed of Iowa, USA. The average levels of nitrate in groundwater decreased from 39.5 mg/L in May, to 38 mg/L in July, to 30 mg/L in September. Although several surface water samples exceeded MCL in May, most values dropped to below 20 mg/L by July and September. The decreasing N levels were attributed to the gradual uptake of nitrate by growing crops as well as the cyanobacterial growth in the aquatic systems. The δ15N values of dissolved nitrate in groundwater ranged from +0.45 to +5.35‰, whereas those in surface water ranged from +1.48 to +5.16‰. The results suggested that commercial fertilizers and soil organic nitrogen were probably mixed up in their transport pathways. A fertilizer-only source would provide much lower delta values, whereas soil nitrogen would provide higher than observed delta values. Denitrification was considered unlikely because of the low δ15N values, high nitrate concentrations, and moderately high DO content in groundwater. Animal wastes were not found as a possible source of nitrate in the water. This is supported by the low chloride concentrations and lower than 10‰ delta values in the water samples. The study demonstrates that nitrogen isotope data in coordination with the dissolved nitrate levels and land use can be effectively used in nitrogen source identification and its transformation studies.  相似文献   

14.
黄河三角洲内陆到潮滩土壤中碳、氮元素的梯度分布规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
黄河三角洲是我国典型的通过黄河冲积泥沙填海造陆形成的近代沉积区。区域受到黄河冲积、沉积等自然过程和农业耕种熟化等人类活动的双重影响。本研究通过在黄河三角洲地区内陆到河口海湾不同距离采集典型土壤类型剖面发生层样品,探讨土壤有机碳、总氮等生源要素的空间分布规律,为阐明我国典型海岸带地区陆源碳、氮的输送及循环特征提供基础依据。研究结果表明,黄河三角洲内陆与河口地区呈现出完全不同的土壤碳、氮分布规律。表层土壤碳、氮含量在黄河沿岸及三角洲南部均表现出由陆向海逐级递减的空间分布特征,而在黄河刁口流路和清水沟流路沿行水方向有梯度升高的趋势。内陆地区土壤碳、氮与盐分呈一定的负相关关系,表明土壤碳、氮主要受到耕作熟化过程的影响;而在河口地区两者呈显著的正相关关系（p〈0.01）,表明靠近海湾地区土壤碳、氮积累可能受到细颗粒泥沙沉积和滩涂湿地厌氧等环境影响。表层土壤碳、氮比变幅在3.6~8.6之间,说明该地区土壤有机质分解较快,不利于有机碳的积累。土壤剖面中,一些特殊发生层如红色夹黏层、黑色泥炭层对土壤碳、氮的富集具有明显的作用,其中红色夹黏层的土壤碳、氮含量接近耕层土壤。总之,黄河三角洲土壤在耕作垦殖、泥沙沉积等综合作用下形成的空间分布格局以及剖面特征发生层是影响碳、氮封存、释放和增汇等循环过程的关键驱动因素。  相似文献   

15.
Interactions between river water and groundwater have been used to help understand the movement of water and to evaluate water quality in the semi-arid area of the North China Plain (NCP). Stable isotopes, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochemistry were used to study the influence of surface water from the Xiao River on regional groundwater. Using a mass balance approach based on chloride concentrations, hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios, the average fraction of surface water recharging to groundwater was 50–60 %. CFC results indicated that the groundwater recharge age varied from 22.5 to 39.5 years. The vertical flow velocity of groundwater was estimated at about 1.8–3.5 m year?1. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater varied from 9.42 to 156.62 mg L?1, and exceeded 50 mg L?1 in most aquifers shallower than 80 m bordering the Xiao River. The δ 15N-NO3 data indicate that the major sources of nitrogen in groundwater are human sewage and animal excreta. Because groundwater is the main source of drinking water, there should be concern about public health related to the elevated nitrate concentrations in the NCP.  相似文献   

16.
天然成因的高氟地下水是世界范围内备受关注的环境问题和饮用水安全问题。前人对高氟地下水的形成过程已开展了大量研究,但是对于高原盆地复杂水文地质条件下不同类型含水层组(第四系松散层含水层、基岩裂隙或岩溶含水层以及新生代古近纪以来的碎屑岩含水层)高氟地下水的分布和形成过程尚不明确。本文以化隆—循化盆地为研究区,通过采集、测试研究区内的各类地下水样品,分析研究区内不同类型含水层中地下水的化学特征及同位素特征。结果表明,高氟地下水(1.007.73 mg/L)主要分布在沿黄河的河谷区域和巴燕低山丘陵区域的泉水和潜水中以及深部的承压水中,在垂向上高氟地下水无明显分布规律。接受黄河水入渗补给的河谷潜水中氟离子浓度较低,补给黄河的河谷潜水中氟离子浓度较高。贫钙富钠的弱碱性苏打型水有利于地下水中氟的富集。泉水和潜水中氟主要来源于萤石的溶解,而承压水中氟除了来源于萤石外,还来源于其他含氟矿物。对于潜水和第四系松散层泉水,蒸发浓缩作用促进了地下水中氟的富集。另外,阴离子竞争吸附作用、阳离子交换吸附作用是泉水(第四系松散层泉水和基岩裂隙泉水)和潜水中氟元素富集的主要原因,而承压水中氟离子浓度受竞争吸附作用影响较大,阳离子交换吸附作用影响较小。研究成果可为化隆—循化盆地低氟地下水的勘查和开发提供科学依据。  相似文献   

17.
本文在1987～2006年兰州断陷盆地典型水源地地下水环境监测资料基础上,通过2007年10月环境地质补充调查采集地下水样品11组、地表水1组,综合分析了断陷盆地地下水集中开采区浅层地下水水化学特征及时空分布规律,以及黄河条带状为补给区的地下水与开采降落漏斗的水质演变关系。根据多年开采过程中地下水水化学成分的变化及影响因素,阐明了水化学组分与地下水位的密切关系;利用开采量水质时空变化对比资料,得出地下水位下降排泄区与傍河区地下水存在的水力联系。依据本次环境地质调查结果和水样实测数据,进一步论证了傍河区地下水受黄河激发补给因素控制的结论。  相似文献   

18.
氮氧同位素在河流硝酸盐研究中的应用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
多年来，世界各地河流普遍存在硝酸盐污染问题。为控制河流的硝酸盐污染，确定河水中硝酸盐的来源以及研究氮的循环过程就显得尤为重要。由于在不同成因下，硝酸盐的δ15N和δ18O存在着较大差异，因此利用氮、氧同位素方法研究河流硝酸盐问题正日益受到国内外研究人员的重视。综述了用硝酸盐中氮、氧同位素来研究河流硝酸盐的不同来源(大气沉降、化肥、牲畜粪、土壤硝酸盐等)和示踪其地球化学循环过程，特别是反硝化过程，这两方面的研究进展，并对我国河流硝酸盐研究现状进行了讨论及提出今后的研究方向。   相似文献   

19.
通过野外田间实验,研究了高量施肥处理、低量施肥处理、不施肥处理以及空白对照裸地等不同施肥处理条件下土壤水中各种形态氮的时空分布情况,探讨了地下水环境中氮素在不同施肥处理条件下的迁移转化特征.结果表明,在各种处理条件下,土壤水中硝态氮质量浓度随深度的增大而减小,而亚硝态氮与铵态氮质量浓度在剖面上的变化幅度较大,这种变化主要受土壤水氧化还原电位的影响.硝态氮随时间的变化趋势在4个处理区表现各异:在高量施肥处理区,各层位的土壤水中硝态氮质量浓度总体上呈增大趋势;在低量施肥处理区,硝态氮受作物生长和灌溉的影响呈拍岸浪式向下迁移;在不施肥处理区和空白对照裸地处理区,由于表层土壤中硝态氮背景值较高(0～30 cm处土壤硝态氮平均质量分数达到15.59 g/kg),灌溉水的下渗也导致硝态氮向下迁移.高量施肥处理区和空白对照裸地处理区土壤水的对比表明,施肥可促进0.6～1.5 m深处土壤的反硝化作用,从而增大这些层位土壤水中亚硝态氮和铵态氮的质量浓度.  相似文献   

20.
An investigation was carried out to evaluate the geochemical processes regulating groundwater quality in a coastal region, Barka, Sultanate of Oman. The rapid urban developments in Barka cause depletion of groundwater quantity and deterioration of quality through excessive consumption and influx of pollutants from natural and anthropogenic activities. In this study, 111 groundwater samples were collected from 79 wells and analysed for pH, EC, DO, temperature, major ions, silica and nutrients. In Barka, water chemistry shows large variation in major ion concentrations and in electrical conductivity, and implies the influence of distinguished contamination sources and hydrogeochemical processes. The groundwater chemistry in Barka is principally regulated by saline sources, reverse ion exchange, anthropogenic pollutants and mineral dissolution/precipitation reactions. Due to ubiquitous pollutants and processes, groundwater samples were classified into two groups based on electrical conductivity. In group1, water chemistry is greatly influenced by mineral dissolution/precipitation process and lateral recharge from upstream region (Jabal Al-Akdar and Nakhal mountains). In group 2, the water chemistry is affected by saline water intrusion, sea spray, reverse ion exchange and anthropogenic pollutants. Besides, high nitrate concentrations, especially in group 2 samples, firm evidence for impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality, and nitrate can be originated by the effluents recharge from surface contamination sources. Ionic ratios such as SO4/Cl, alkalinity/Cl and total cation/Cl indicate that effluents recharged from septic tank, waste dumping sites and irrigation return flow induce dissolution of carbonate minerals, and enhances solute load in groundwater. The chemical constituents originating from saline water sources, reverse ion exchange and mineral dissolution are successfully differentiated using ionic delta, the difference between the actual concentration of each constituent and its theoretical concentration for a freshwater–seawater mix calculated from the chloride concentration of the sample, and proved that this approach is a promising tool to identify and differentiate the geochemical processes in coastal region. Hence, both regular geochemical methods and ionic delta ensured that groundwater quality in Barka is impaired by natural and human activities.  相似文献   

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