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1.
Yves Couillard Michel Courcelles Antonella Cattaneo Sybille Wunsam 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,32(2):149-162
There is an important volume of published information on Lac Dufault (Québec) which describes the history of metal inputs over 70 years and the changes that occurred in the lake as a result of this contamination. We used this abundant source of chronological markers to test the hypothesis that lake sediments can provide true historical records of trace metal loading from metal mining. Sediment cores were obtained from the deepest zone of the lake (19 m). The sediments were dated using 210Pb and 137Cs and they were analyzed for total elemental concentrations (Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, P, Pb, S, Zn). Metal profiles in the sediment core preserved the distinct signatures of different mine exploitations documented in the lake watershed. In particular, the core recorded: the beginning of industrialization in 1926; increasing sedimentation rates associated with perturbations in the lake watershed; the maximum of sediment [Cu] and the contemporary exploitation of ore bodies rich in Cu; the maximum of sediment [Fe] and the contemporary production of pyrite by a mining operation; the low sediment [Cu] and [Zn] in the 1950s and the low contemporary production of these metals by mining operations; the maximum of sediment [Cd] and the contemporary production of Cd by a subsequent mining operation. Anomalies in the distribution of 214Pb activities in sediments reflected the intensity of acid mine drainage (AMD). There is good evidence that the lake resisted acidification from this AMD for the last thirty years. Overall, our results support the thesis that profiles of sedimentary Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe levels reflect the past history of metal input to Lac Dufault. 相似文献
2.
对沅江入湖沉积物进行钻探取样,利用等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）对沉积物重金属进行分析。结果表明：重金属Ba、Sc、V、Th、U、Cu、Co、Ni、Cr等在沉积物中含量变化相对稳定,分布相对均匀;而Mn、Zn、Pb、Mo、Cd、Tl、Bi等重金属的含量变化大,分布不均匀。重金属含量柱状剖面变化特征及富集系数（EF值）的计算结果显示：沉积物中Cd达显著富集,而Sc、V、Mn、Pb、Bi等为中等富集程度。沉积物中存在3个重金属富集层,即中下部Pb、Tl、Bi富集层;中上部Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu富集层;浅表部V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Tl、Bi等多种重金属富集层。地累积指数（Igeo）和综合富集指数（EI）评价结果显示：沅江入湖沉积物重金属污染程度自河床深部向浅部,污染程度趋于增强,污染元素组合趋于由Pb-Bi的单一元素组合向由V-Cr-Mn-Ni-Cu-Zn-Pb-Cd-Bi组成的复合元素组合变化。且自上游向下游,沉积物重金属污染程度趋于降低。这种重金属污染空间变化特征与区域人为活动有关,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
3.
连环湖马圈泡沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对连环湖马圈泡柱状沉积物重金属（Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd）等地球化学指标的分析, 对马圈泡沉积物污染历史进行了讨论。根据元素的变化趋势,结合颗粒组成指标,采用相关分析,富集状况及潜在生态风险评价,并辅以210Pb、137Cs测年数据,研究了自1937年以来该湖区沉积物重金属元素污染特征、来源、污染历史及污染程度。结果表明,1987年以前各元素含量变化趋势平稳,1987年至今,7种重金属元素含量均明显增加。重金属元素的来源包括自然来源和人为输入。从单向污染系数来看Cu、Ni、Cr、Pb、Zn属于中等污染强度,Mn、Cd达到了强污染程度;从综合污染系数来看,表层重金属元素主要为中等程度的污染。沉积物重金属污染历史与该区经济发展阶段相吻合可为其湖区生态环境的整治与改善提供基础性的数据资料。 相似文献
4.
Heavy metal concentrations of Wadi El Natrun saline lakes were investigated. Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe and Al were measured in surficial sediments. The heavy metal concentrations largely indicate the influence of weathering of terrigenous sources on land. In comparison with the average in sedimentary rocks, the concentrations of the heavy metals studied are higher than the global average sandstone. This is also reflected in the high enrichment factors. The heavy metal concentration in lakes II and III decrease in the order Pb > Zn > Cu, while in lake I the decreasing order is Cu > Zn > Pb. Sediments with microbial mats were found to concentrate heavy metals above background sediment values. 相似文献
5.
Chee Kong Yap Mew Seong Choh Franklin Edward Berandah Ahmad Ismail Soon Guan Tan 《湿地科学》2006,4(1):48-57
1 INTRODUCTIONOur sampling trip to Tanjung Piai wetland in2002 showed that the site had not been developed andrecognized yet as a wetland of international importance(Ramsar). Recently, our field trip in January 2005to the same site to collect sediment sam… 相似文献
6.
The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Fe were determined in the surface sediment and marine gastropod Nerita lineata collected in May 2005 from the intertidal zone of Dumai, Sumatera, Indonesia and Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. The results showed that metal concentrations in sediment and the soft tissue of N. lineata varied at different sampling stations. Mean heavy metal concentrations were 0. 92 μg/g(Cd) ;6.40 μg/g(Cu) ;32.77 μg/g(Pb) ;54.41μg/g(Zn) ;11.56 μg/g(Ni) and 2.97%(Fe) in sediment from Dumai and 1.15 μg(Cd) ;26.73 μg/g(Cu) ;53.45μg/g(Pb) ;130.77 μg/g(Zn) ;20.79 μg/g( Ni ) and 2.72% (Fe) in sediment from Johor. Concentrations of metals in gastropod N. lineata were 0.71 μg/g(Cd) ;15.16 μg(Cu) ;9.35 μg/g(Pb) ;94.69 μg/g(Zn) ;5.08 μg/g(Ni) and 397.97 μg/g(Fe) in samples from Dumai and 1.24 μg(Cd) ;18.02 μg/g(Cu) ;19.75 μg/g(Pb) ;95.09 μg/g(Zn) ;5.57 μg/g ( Ni ) and 473. 56 μg/g (Fe) in samples from Johor. Although they were not statistically significant (p >0.05), heavy metal concentrations in N. lineata were correlated with the concentrations of respective metals in sediment in both samples from Dumai and Johor. In general, samples of sediment and gastropod from Johor accumulated significantly higher heavy metal concentrations when compared to samples from Dumai(p < 0. 05). Higher concentrations of metals were recorded in samples collected from the stations close to the industrial and anthropogenic activities in both Dumai and Johor areas. However, most of the concentrations were still comparable to the previous reported studies from other geographical areas. 相似文献
7.
Heavy metal pollution in urban, industrial, and mined watersheds of Europe is well documented, but less is known about metal contamination in agrarian watersheds or those with no history of mining. Along a 75-km reach of the Lahn River, central Germany, near-channel flood-plain sediments (<5 m from the active channel) have mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn that exceed background values. Vertically, metal concentrations are highest at 15 or 20 cm below the flood plain. Although mean metal concentrations in the watershed are below mean values found in more industrial watersheds of western Europe, individual near-channel sites along the Lahn River have metal concentrations approaching those found in more urbanized drainage basins. Several sites along the Lahn are “excessively contaminated” with Cd and “moderately/strongly” contaminated with Cu, Pb, and Zn. Metal concentrations are generally higher and more variable downstream from metal-producing locations and in the vicinity of industrial facilities. Topographic and geomorphic factors appear to have minimal influence on near-channel metal concentrations. The elevated concentrations of metals in geomorphically sensitive channel banks and near-channel sediments raise the possibility of future metal pollution in the Lahn River watershed even as metal emissions to the environment decline. 相似文献
8.
青海湖流域沙柳河下游沉积物中重金属污染风险评价 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对青海湖流域沙柳河下游沉积物中As、Cd、Pb、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu和Zn 9种重金属元素的含量进行了分析测定,采用污染系数、富集系数、地累积指数和潜在生态危害指数评估了其污染程度。结果表明：无论在横向还是纵向上,重金属元素含量均低于青海湖土壤背景值;重金属元素污染系数和富集系数均小于2,且大多数样品的值低于1（高于1者多为Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn,且具高值）;地累积指数均为负值（除QB-19中Cd和Cu分别为0.10和0.02）;潜在生态风险因子大多低于30,潜在生态危害指数大多低于70。沙柳河下游沉积物尚未出现重金属污染,具有低的生态风险,但该流域重金属的人为排放确实存在（主要是Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn等）,而且在近代排放更为显著。 相似文献
9.
基于137Cs计年法估算滇池沉积物重金属负荷 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
根据滇池流域地貌、湖盆形态、物源供给等,用GIS方法将滇池外海分作7个区域,以137Cs计年法确定各区域上部沉积物3个沉积时段为1954~1963、1963~1986、1986~2003年,测算不同时段各区域的泥沙年均沉积通量和年均蓄积量,与当地实情及他人用其它方法研究对照,结果可以吻合。在此基础上,结合实验室测量,估算各区域的Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg、Zn在各时段的年均沉积通量,得到1963~2003年期间滇池沉积物几种重金属负荷分别达到1040.8、1054.0、11.2、824.7、2.5、2465.6 t。故应十分重视滇池沉积物中重金属,采用减少重金属和泥沙入湖量并举的措施控制沉积物重金属负荷的进一步增长。 相似文献
10.
In 1994, a detailed marine environmental survey was carried out in surface sediments of the northern flank (Antikyra Bay) and the basin floor of the Gulf of Corinth. Metalliferous tailings (red-mud slurry) of a bauxite processing plant are discharged through a pipeline at a water depth of 100 m, in the Antikyra Bay, covering an area of 16 km2. The bauxitic tailings are detached from the main deposit at the outfalls, flow as turbidity currents downslope, and are redeposited on the basin floor of the Gulf of Corinth, where they cover an area of about 277 km2. One hundred sediment samples, that were collected from red-mud deposits and the surrounding natural sediments, were analyzed for Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, V, and Zn concentrations. Statistical analysis of the heavy metals concentrations using factor analysis allowed (i) an examination of the interrelations among metals and (ii) distinguishing possible sample groups on the basis of metal concentrations in order to study the mechanisms of transport of the red mud and the degree of mixing with natural sediments. Factor 1 (Al, Cr, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Pb, Ag, Hg, V, Cd, and Cu) and the positive pole of Factor 2 (Cu, Ag, Cd, and Hg) are red-mud factors, reflecting different metal behaviors, which are related to processes that take place during the transport and redeposition of the red mud. The negative poles of Factors 2 and 3 and the positive pole of Factor 4 are related to natural sediment supply processes. Q-mode factor analysis identifies three distinct sediment groups located in different areas, on the base of the degree of mixing of red mud with natural sediments. 相似文献
11.
施用不同畜禽粪便土壤剖面中重金属分布特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
针对不同粪便集中施用情况, 选取禹城市3 个畜禽养殖区, 通过采集不同旱地农田土壤剖面样品, 研究典型重金属元素随粪便施用程度的变化、土壤剖面中重金属垂直分布特征以及施用不同畜禽粪便土壤剖面中重金属分布的差异。结果发现,长期施用畜禽粪便土壤剖面中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As的含量要高于未施用畜禽粪便的对照土壤剖面, 其中Cu、Zn 超过对照组较大;偶尔施用畜禽粪便土壤剖面Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As 的含量低于长期施用畜禽粪便土壤剖面, 且与未施用畜禽粪便的对照土壤剖面相差不大。牛粪集中施用区土壤剖面中Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni 等重金属存在较为明显的淋溶下移性, Hg、As两元素存在较为明显的表层或亚表层聚集现象;猪粪集中施用区土壤剖面各重金属除Cr、Ni 外, 都显示出较为明显的表层或亚表层聚集现象;鸡粪集中施用区的土壤剖面Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni 存在一定的淋溶下移性, 而Zn、Hg、As等3 种元素存在显著表层亚表层聚集现象。长期施用不同畜禽粪便的不同土壤剖面Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb 等含量变化差异明显, 而As、Hg差异性不显著;施牛粪与施鸡粪剖面中的Zn, 施猪粪与施鸡粪剖面中的Cu差异也不显著。 相似文献
12.
Sources and chronologies of metal contamination were studied in sediment cores of three lakes of the Rouyn-Noranda mining
area (Québec, Canada) affected by atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic contaminants. One of the three lakes also received
acid mine drainage. The sediments were dated using 210Pb and 137Cs and analysed for stable Pb isotope ratios and for total concentrations of 15 elements (Ag, Al, Au, Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Hg,
Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Ti, Zn). Stable lead isotopic signatures helped to determine the quantitative contributions of different
industrial Pb sources to our sampling sites. This source apportionment showed the dominant influence of the Rouyn-Noranda
copper smelter in airborne Pb emissions for the decades following 1926, when industrialization began in the region. The smelter
source had a low ratio of 206Pb/207Pb ranging between 0.90 and 1.05, as typical of the Abitibi Archean sulphides. The relationships between element (metal) sedimentary
fluxes and anthropogenic Pb fluxes allowed us to infer the origin of the anthropogenic source. These relationships strongly
suggest that the copper smelter was (and may still be) an atmospheric source of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Hg to the surrounding
lakes. Our study indicates that the efforts made by the Rouyn-Noranda copper smelter to reduce airborne emissions of metals
have been translated in reduced atmospheric metal loadings to the surrounding lakes. 相似文献
13.
Ahmad Ismail Chee Kong YAP Fong Fei Chan 《湿地科学》2004,2(4):248-258
1 INTRODUCTIONKelanaJayaMunicipalParkcoveredatotallandareaof40hectaresandabout 70 %oftheareasarelakes(Mohkeri,2 0 0 2 ) .KelanaJayaLakes ,locatedwithinthePark ,areex miningpondsattheDamansaraRiverBasininSelangorandthelakesarebeingmanagedbythePetalingJayaMunicipalCouncil (MPPJ)solelyasfloodretentionareasuntil1 996,werethendevelopedasapublicpark .SomeofthemajorproblemsthreateningKelanaJayaLakeswerehighwayrunoffs,untreatedsewagefromthenearbyoxidationpondsandsemi treatedortreateddome… 相似文献
14.
In 2008, three short sedimentary cores were collected from Nanyihu Lake in the lower Yangtze River Basin using a gravity corer. Heavy metals, including Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Mn, and major elements, including Al, Fe, K, Na, Mg and Ti, were measured. Radionuclides, including 210Pb and 137Cs, were analyzed to date the sediments. The significant Mn enrichment in the uppermost sediments of the three cores did not influence the distribution of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni. The Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni contents have increased over the past 30–40 years. The decline of 206Pb/207Pb ratios toward the surface indicated increasing anthropogenic Pb loading to the lake sediments. However, the heavy metal enrichment was low overall because of the high sediment accumulation rates and the low anthropogenic heavy metal flux into the Nanyihu Lake. 相似文献
15.
Two short sediment cores were recovered from sub-basins of Lake Qinghai, China and were analyzed for concentrations of Pb
and 16 other elements to determine historic, regional atmospheric Pb deposition on the Tibetan Plateau. Core chronologies,
dating back to the eighteenth century, were established using activities of 210Pb and 137Cs. The 17 elements were divided into three principal components. Variations in concentrations of PC1 elements (Al, Cr, Cu,
Fe, K, Mn, Ni, and Ti) demonstrate different patterns between the two cores, and are attributed to different sediment sources
in the two sub-basins. PC2 elements (Ba, Ca, Na, and Sr) may be associated with the degree of catchment weathering and/or
water chemistry. Four elements (Pb, Zn, P, and Co) are related to both PC1 and PC2, and reflect a mixture of natural and anthropogenic
sources. The PC3 element is Mg in the north sub-basin, and is perhaps related to aragonite precipitation and/or increased
farming. Elevated Pb concentrations in uppermost sediments of both cores signify a recent regional/global increase in anthropogenic
Pb release into the environment. After subtracting lithogenic Pb, derived from rock weathering and/or dust and normalized
to the background immobile element Ti, results suggest that excess, anthropogenic Pb is transferred to the lake and its sediments
predominantly via the atmosphere. This anthropogenic atmospheric Pb is comparable in magnitude and displays similar variation
patterns in the two cores, reflecting regional atmospheric deposition and local erosion. The average anthropogenic Pb deposition
rate in Lake Qinghai since the 1960s has been ~12.2 ± 3.5 mg/m2/a, comparable with atmospheric Pb fluxes reported for sites elsewhere in the northern hemisphere. 相似文献
16.
于2014年中国第6次北极科学考察期间,采集了楚科奇海陆架4根沉积物柱状样,据此开展了其中几种低环的多环芳烃(PAHs)的总体水平调查,并结合~(210)Pb测年,探讨了其垂直分布特征及历史沉降规律。结果表明,楚科奇海陆架沉积物中几种低环PAHs含量变化范围为50—1 553 ng·g~(–1),总体处于较低水平,且与粒径变化关系不明显。楚科奇海陆架区沉积物的沉积速率为0.05—0.19 cm·a~(–1),低环PAHs垂直变化较小,总体受人类影响极少,局部高值可能受到石油渗漏或成岩作用等过程的影响。 相似文献
17.
痕量金属进入北极的途径包括洋流注入、大气传输、陆架河流、陆地径流以及海洋中的直接沉降。研究表明,北极区域介质中Pb、Hg与Cd、Zn、Cu水平随着工业化的发展呈现出不同的变化趋势,并且铂系贵金属在北极冰雪中被检测出反映了大范围的全球污染。对北极各海域表层沉积物中的痕量金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn进行生态风险评价发现:As、Cd、Cu很有可能已经对多数海域的海洋生物产生威胁;Hg、甲基汞(MeHg)、Zn在极地动物器官中已出现了食物链累积效应,相关的毒性数据目前还缺乏研究。 相似文献
18.
Concentrations of heavy metals in the intertidal gastropod Nerita lineata collected from 4 sampling stations in the intertidal zone of Dumai coastal waters have been analyzed and correlated with the respective metal concentrations in their habitat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between heavy metal concentrations in the N.lineata with metal concentrations in their habitat, which include seawater, algal mat, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in the sediment, N.lineata, suspended particulate matter, algal mat and surface seawater were found to be higher in stations closed to Dumai city center which has more industrial and anthropogenic activities. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Fe in the N.lineata collected from Dumai intertidal area were 4.14 μg/g, 5.90 μg/g, 44.43 μg/g, 3.74 μg/g, 20.73 μg/g, 24.91 μg/g in shell; 4.16 μg/g, 7.31 μg/g, 51.78 μg/g, 17.63 μg/g, 23.52 μg/g, 30.60 μg/g in operculum and 0.71 μg/g, 15.09 μg/g, 9.41 μg/g, 94.42 μg/g, 5.10 μg/g, 398.24 μg/g dry weight in the total soft tissue, respectively. Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations of parts of the N.lineata were in the order: that of operculum>shell>soft tissue whilst Cu, Zn and Fe concentrations of parts of the N.lineata in the order: that of soft tissue>operculum>shell. This suggested that N.lineata could be used as biomonitoring agent for Cu, Zn and Fe (soft tissues) and for Cd, Pb and Ni (operculum). However, the shell had significant correlations (P<0.05) with metal concentrations in the sediment, algal mat, suspended particulate matter and seawater. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values of the shell also revealed greater capacity for non-essential metals bioaccumulation from all environmental phases. This might suggest that the shell of N.lineata could be better used as biomonitoring agent for heavy metal pollution. 相似文献
19.
20.
Redox remobilization and the heavy metal record in lake sediments: a modelling approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John Boyle 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,26(4):423-431
The issue of whether heavy metal concentration profiles in lake sediments are vulnerable to redox mediated post-burial alteration stubbornly refuses to go away. Such behaviour is well-known in iron and manganese, due to great contrasts in the solubility of the reduced and oxidized chemical forms. A numbers of trace elements that also exhibit more than one oxidation state in lake sediments have also been shown to undergo diffusive migration in response to redox gradients (e.g., As, Co, Cr, V). What remains unclear is whether elements like Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, that have only one stable oxidation state in sediments, are also subject to alteration. This paper reviews existing evidence and presents a model, based on current knowledge, to constrain the likely effects. It is concluded that some migration is likely, but that this is only significant at extremely low sediment mass accumulation rates. The formulation of the model highlights the need for further information about the physical form of iron and manganese oxyhydroxides in lake sediments. 相似文献