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1.
Land cover in Kenya is in a state of fl ux at different spatial and temporal scales. This compromises environmental integrity and socioeconomic stability of the population hence increasing their vulnerability to the externalities of environmental change. The Oroba-Kibos catchment area in western Kenya is one locality where rapid land use changes have taken place over the last 30 years. The shrubs, swamps, natural forests and other critical ecosystems have been converted on the altar of agriculture, human settlement, fuel wood and timber. This paper presents the results of a study that aimed at providing spatially-explicit information for effective remedial response through (a) Mapping the land cover; (b) Identifying the spatial distribution of land cover changes; (c) Determining the nature, rates and magnitude of the land cover changes, and; (d) Establishing the drivers of land use leading to land cover changes in Oroba-Kibos catchment area. Bi-temporal Landsat TM imagery, fi eld observation, household survey and ancillary data were obtained. Per-fi eld classifi cation of the Landsat TM imagery was performed in a GIS and the resultant land cover maps assessed using the fi eld observation data. Post-classifi cation comparison of the maps was then done to detect changes in land cover that had occurred between 1994 and 2008. SPSS was used to analyze the household survey data and attribute the detected land cover changes to their causes. The fi ndings showed that 9 broad classes characterize the catchment area including the natural forests, swamps, natural water bodies, woodlands, shrublands, built-up lands, grasslands, bare lands and croplands. Croplands are dominant and accounted for about 65% (57122 ha) of the total land in 1994, which increased at the rate of 0.89% to 73% (64772 ha) in 2008, while natural water bodies has the least spatial coverage accounting for about 0.6% (561 ha) of the total land in 1994, which diminished at the rate of 3.57% to 0.3% (260 ha) in 2008. Climate, altitude, access and rights to land, demographic changes, poverty, political governance, market availability and economic returns are the interacting mix of proximate and underlying factors that drive the land cover changes in Oroba-Kibos catchment area.  相似文献   

2.
本文以新疆焉耆盆地为研究区,首先利用实测数据和Landsat 8 OLI遥感数据获取土壤调查植被指数（MSAVI）和地表温度（Ts）,构建Ts-MSAVI特征空间,拟合特征空间的干湿方程;然后利用该特征空间计算温度植被干旱指数（TVDIm）,反演9-11月的土壤湿度,探讨土壤湿度时空分布特征。试验结果表明：①遥感影像反演的TVDI与实地考察的土壤湿度显著相关（a=0.05）;不同土层中,TVDIm与10~20 cm土层湿度相关性最高（R=0.588）;②焉耆盆地湿度总体以半干旱为主（0.60.8）;土壤湿度空间分布上,焉耆盆地南侧为干旱区,西部和北部地区偏干旱,中部为湿润区域,对于该地区滨湖湿地和博斯腾湖附近小湖土壤湿度最高,博斯腾湖南部的沙地区土壤湿度最低,Ts与土壤湿度呈负相关;③10月湿地的TVDIm值最低,9月沙地的TVDIm值最高。TVDI模型应用于焉耆盆地取得较好的结果,可用于正确地估算土壤湿度,研究结果可为焉耆盆地生态环境和水资源提供重要的参数。  相似文献   

3.
Sustainable management of wetland ecosystem is necessary as it serves the important functions such as food storage, water quality maintenance and providing habitat for different species of wildlife. Hence, an inventory of wetlands in any given area is a pre-requisite for their conservation and management. A study has been carried out to delineate the wetlands of east Champaran district of Bihar, India, using IRS ID LISS III data. The data for the pre and post monsoon seasons have been analysed and the wetlands have been qualitatively characterized based on the turbidity and aquatic vegetation status. The extent of water logging problem in the study area was inferred from the seasonal variation of waterspread during both the seasons. The three categories of wetlands (ponds/lakes, water logged areas and oxbow lakes) have been identified. From the analysis, it has been observed that the inland wetlands constitute 2.7% of the study area, of which 1.8% is subjected to water logging. Thus, this study highlights the usefulness of remotely sensed data for wetland mapping, seasonal monitoring and characterization.  相似文献   

4.
The current study was taken up to investigate the utility of remote sensing and GIS tools for evaluation of Integrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP) implemented during 1997–2001 in Katangidda Nala watershed, Chincholi taluk, Gulbarga district, Karnataka. The study was carried out using IRS 1C, LISS III data of December 11, 1997 (pre-treatment) and November 15, 2002 (post-treatment) covering the watershed to assess the changes in land use / land cover and biomass that have changed over a period of five years (1997–2002). The images were classified into different land use/land cover categories using supervised classification by maximum likelihood algorithm. They were also classified into different biomass levels using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) approach. The results indicated that the area under agriculture crops and forest land were increased by 671 ha (5.7%) and 1,414 ha (11.94%) respectively. This is due to the fact that parts of wastelands and fallow lands were brought into cultivation. This increase in the area may be attributed to better utilization of surface and ground waters, adoption of soil and water conservation practices and changes in cropping pattern. The area under waste lands and fallow lands decreased by 1,667 ha (14.07%) and 467 ha (3.94%), respectively. The vegetation vigour of the area was classified into three classes using NDVI. Substantial increase in the area under high and low biomass levels was observed (502 ha and 19 ha respectively). The benefit-cost analysis indicates that the use of remote sensing and GIS was 2.2 times cheaper than the conventional methods. Thus, the repetitive coverage of the satellite data provides an excellent opportunity to monitor the land resources and evaluate the land cover changes through comparison of images for the watershed at different periods.  相似文献   

5.
Seagrasses ecosystems are fragile yet highly productive ecosystems of the world showing declining trend throughout the world due to natural and anthropogenic pressures. Effective conservation and management plan is thus required to protect these resources, to aid with conservation need mapping and monitoring of seagrasses using high resolution remote sensing data is very much required. Hence, the present study was made to record the seagrass aerial cover in the Lakshadweep islands using IRS P6 LISS IV satellite data. The suitability of LISS IV sensor for seagrass mapping was tested for the first time with an overall accuracy of 73.16%. The study found an area of 2590.2?ha of seagrasses in Lakshadweep islands with 1310.8?ha and 1279.4?ha dense and sparse seagrass cover respectively. The study recommends the use of LISS IV data for mapping the shallow water seagrasses, as mapping efficiency increases nearly 4 times more than the LISS III data, as the former (LISS IV) picks up the small patches of seagrasses and delineates the coral and reef vegetation patches from seagrass class.  相似文献   

6.
Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world and any alterations might lead to changes in their bio-physical, socio-economic and climatic conditions. Wetland dynamics as an index of land use change were studied. Satellite remote sensing was utilized to understand the periodic and seasonal dynamics of Samaspur wetlands using Landsat and RESOURCESAT-1 temporal data. Index-based (i.e., Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) classification resulted in meaningful discrimination of wetland classes. Results indicate (i) effective water spread areas have increased to optimum capacity at 1990 due to the influence of Sharda canal, (ii) expansion of the agricultural area has led to reduction of the wetland buffer area, and (iii) increase in vegetation biomass due to pesticide-fertilizer runoff and sedimentation load. We also reiterate (i) free availability of the Landsat satellite data in public domain facilitating such monitoring studies and (ii) availability and utility of SWIR band information in wetland classification exercise. The study concludes that policy-driven measures have both long and short term impacts on land use and its natural wetland ecosystems; and the characterizing the later serves as indictor of the former and perhaps vice versa.  相似文献   

7.
Interpretation of IRS LISS II and LISS III imagery has revealed the various landforms as well as land use/land cover features in a part of the Godavari delta coastal belt. A comparative analysis of geomorphological vs. land use/land cover maps suggested that the landforms exert a certain degree of control over human land use activities even in this monotonously plain area. Further, an analysis of the sequential imagery pertaining to 1992 and 2001 aimed at detecting the land use/land cover change has indicated that the aquaculture has phenomenally increased by 9,293.5 ha during the 9-year period. At the same time, the cropland which occupied about 29,104 ha in 1992 has been reduced to 19,153.9 ha by 2001 mainly due to the encroachment of aquaculture. Village level data on temporal variation in land use/land cover extracted through GIS analysis revealed that in 14 out of the total 39 villages in the area, the conversion of cropland into aquaculture ponds was more than 30% with the highest conversion rate of 89.8% in Gondi village. These fourteen villages, which are designated as ‘aquaculture hotspots’ are grouped into 4 priority classes based on the intensity of conversion.  相似文献   

8.
浅水湖泊水生植被遥感监测研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在浅水湖泊中,水生植物具有净化水质、抑制藻类、提供鱼类食物和栖息环境等生态功能,同时,其过度扩张也会加速湖泊淤浅和沼泽化、引起湖泊二次污染等环境负效应.实时动态地掌握湖泊水生植被类群和种群的空间分布及其面积、生物量等指标信息,对湖泊生态修复和评估、水生植被恢复和管理等具有重要现实意义.遥感技术的大面积、实时、动态等特点...  相似文献   

9.
针对鄱阳湖湿地植被长期变化的科学问题,本文基于谷歌地球引擎(GEE)遥感大数据平台和CART分类回归树算法提取鄱阳湖2000—2017年涨水期、丰水期、退水期和枯水期的年时序植被分布范围,阐明其时空变化特征;在此基础上,结合水位数据分析湿地植被与水文情势变化之间的响应关系。结果表明,(1)2000—2017年,枯水期、涨水期、丰水期和退水期鄱阳湖湿地植被平均面积分别为846.35、679.03、172.35、508.63 km^(2)。(2)2000—2017年,不同水位期鄱阳湖湿地植被总面积均呈增加趋势,并有向湖心演变的趋势。(3)鄱阳湖植被面积受水位影响显著,水位与植被面积呈负相关,降水异常(如极端降水或严重干旱)是导致植被面积明显偏离平均面积的主导因素。本文结论有助于鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的健康诊断,对鄱阳湖湿地保护和修复政策的制定具有科学参考意义。  相似文献   

10.
从研究干旱区域地下水与植被关系入手,通过植被遥感信息分析,推断出浅层地下水的富水区;根据干旱区地表水主要受地下水补给这一规律,应用多时相遥感资料通过对区内巴彦布拉格湖水水域面积的动态分析,指出呼吉尔湖水接受深层地下水补给。上述解译成果为本区找水提供了方向,已得到后续物探、钻探工程证实。  相似文献   

11.
沈芳  匡定波 《遥感学报》2003,7(3):221-226
近年来太湖流域中小型湖群的网围水产养殖业带来了十分可观的经济效益，挑、涌湖经遥感分析网围养殖面积占总湖水面积75％以上，属超密度网围。超密度网围养殖的负面效应是湖水营养盐急剧增高，水草资源大幅度减少，从而破坏了湖泊的生态平衡，恶化了湖水环境。采用15年以来的陆地卫星影像结合航空数据，对研究区的水资源利用类型、空间分布及变化状况进行了分析解译和目标分类，结合佃技术，对各类型进行了面积量算，推算了网围养殖密度，同时遥感分析了养殖水域环境和水草资源的变化，并展开了野外实地调查验证。  相似文献   

12.
Integrated resource study in Ropar wetland ecosystem was undertaken to analyse physiography, drainage, landuse and vegetation status. Various thematic maps have been prepared using black and white aerial photographs on 1:20,000 scale and IRS 1A LISS-II (FCC) on 1:50,000 scale. The Ropar wetland ecosystem is comprised of six major landforms i.e. Siwalik hills, Valley, Piedmont plain, Alluvial plain, River terraces and River courses. The study area show high drainage density with sub dendritic and sub parallel drainage. The area has poor vegetative cover which results in extensive erosion and sedimentation of Ropar lake. The water spread and. qualitative turbidity level in the notified wetland area was also monitored. Anthropogenic pressure, industrial pollution, sedimentation, eutrophication, illegal fishing and flooding have been identified as major threats to the wetland. Keeping in view the threats to Ropar wetland, the conservation measures have been suggested.  相似文献   

13.
Developing countries are vulnerable to tropical cyclones due to climatic variability and the frequency and magnitude of some extreme weather and disaster events is likely to increase. Cities and towns situated along the coastal belt of Visakhapatnam district experienced severe damage because of Hudhub cyclone (12 October 2014). The main objective of this research was to identify and quantify the damage to agriculture and vegetation caused by Hudhud cyclone. In this study, landsat-8 satellite data-sets acquired before and after the cyclone have been used; image processing techniques have been carried out to assess the changes of pre- and post-cyclone condition. Economic loss of agriculture crops has been assessed using crop production loss per hectare and total economic loss for agriculture crops in the study area was calculated. Classification results and land use land cover change analysis show that 13.25% of agriculture-Kharif and 31.1% of vegetation was damaged. Crop Biomass was estimated with aid of crop conversion factor for pre- and post-cyclone conditions. Total ‘Above ground biomass’ of the agriculture crop area was estimated at 31.57 t/ha and total loss of biomass was assessed to be 4.2 t/ha. Carbon stock was found to be varying from 0.3 to 8.3 t.C/ha in specific agriculture crops. From the results, it was concluded that Hudhud has done significant damage to the rural and urban areas of Visakhapatnam. The outcome of this study can be used by decision-makers for the release of post disaster relief fund to affected areas.  相似文献   

14.
洱海作为我国重点保护湖泊“新三湖”之一,近30年间环洱海地带经济发展与人地矛盾的问题日益突出. 研究环洱海地区长时间序列的土地利用变化规律,分析人类活动的影响程度对保护治理洱海具有重要意义. 基于谷歌地球引擎(GEE)云平台,以1991—2020年7期Landsat TM/OLI影像为基础数据,融合光谱、归一化差异指数和增强型植被指数等特征,采用随机森林方法对环洱海10 km范围进行了土地利用分类,结合土地利用变化图谱、人类活动指数模型定量分析了城镇化背景下环洱海地带土地利用类型的演变趋势及人类活动强度. 结果表明:1991—2020年林地、草地面积整体呈减少趋势,主要转出方向为耕地;建设用地面积持续增长,主要转入来源为耕地;水域面积变化较小,湿地呈先增加后减少趋势,上述变化趋势与环洱海地区城镇化快速推进有关;人类活动强度总体逐年上升,以低影响区为主且保持相对稳定.高影响区和中高影响区主要集中于环湖南侧和环湖西侧,中低影响区呈零星块状分布且一直呈减少趋势.   相似文献   

15.
1975年—2018年白洋淀湿地变化分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
白洋淀湿地生态功能重要、战略地位特殊，研究其时空变化规律具有重要意义。本文基于1975年—2018年间10期Landsat卫星遥感影像，辅以2017年—2018年高分二号（GF-2）卫星遥感影像，在野外考察湿地类型及其覆被特征基础上，人机交互解译获取各期土地利用/覆被分类图，从面积变化、类型转化、景观格局变化方面分析了近43年白洋淀湿地变化时空特征，讨论了影响分析结果的不确定性因素以及湿地变化成因。结果表明：1975年—2018年白洋淀湿地面积总体呈减少趋势，净变化-68.20 km2（-24.83%）。其中，1975年—1990年湿地面积波动性小、基本稳定，1990年—2011年湿地面积持续性减少，2011年—2018年湿地面积呈现增加趋势。湿地与非湿地类型相互转换区域主要分布于淀区南部、西部、北部的水体—水生植物—耕地—建设用地过渡区域。近43年白洋淀湿地景观趋于破碎、复杂和异质。遥感影像选取月份、年份，以及土地利用/覆被分类体系、分类方法，是影响分析结果的主要不确定性因素。气候、水文等自然因素变化，叠加工农业及城镇生活用水、上游水利工程蓄水、地下水开采等人为因素变化，是白洋淀湿地面积减少、趋于干化的成因。  相似文献   

16.
This paper reports acreage, yield and production forecasting of wheat crop using remote sensing and agrometeorological data for the 1998–99 rabi season. Wheat crop identification and discrimination using Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) ID LISS III satellite data was carried out by supervised maximum likelihood classification. Three types of wheat crop viz. wheat-1 (high vigour-normal sown), wheat-2 (moderate vigour-late sown) and wheat-3 (low vigour-very late sown) have been identified and discriminated from each other. Before final classification of satellite data spectral separability between classes were evaluated. For yield prediction of wheat crop spectral vegetation indices (RVI and NDVI), agrometeorological parameters (ETmax and TD) and historical crop yield (actual yield) trend analysis based linear and multiple linear regression models were developed. The estimated wheat crop area was 75928.0 ha. for the year 1998–99, which sowed ?2.59% underestimation with land record commissioners estimates. The yield prediction through vegetation index based and vegetation index with agrometeorological indices based models were 1753 kg/ha and 1754 kg/ha, respectively and have shown relative deviation of 0.17% and 0.22%, the production estimates from above models when compared with observed production show relative deviation of ?2.4% and ?2.3% underestimations, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
Coastal resources viz., coral reefs, seagrasses, mangroves, and coastal land features viz., sandy beach, mudflats and salt pan/aquaculture ponds were classified and assessed in the Palk Bay region of the south-east coast of India using IRS LISS III satellite image (1996, 2000, 2002 and 2004). The study recorded an areal coverage of 286.95 ha of reef area during 2004, which is 177.54 ha lesser than that of the reef area of 1996. The reef vegetation composed mainly of seaweeds has gained over 29.44 ha during the same period. Likewise, sand over reef area has also increased alarmingly i.e. 120.34 ha between 1996 and 2004. The seagrass beds of Munaikkadu region of the Palk Bay are comparatively protected and have gained over 7.5 ha between 1996 and 2004. It has been found that both the dense (2.99 ha) and sparse (36.45 ha) mangroves have gained their areal coverage considerably between 1996 and 2004. Whereas in Devipattinam region, many anthropogenic pressures are exerted only on the seagrass resources which has led to the reduction of over 785.5 ha of dense seagrass beds between 1996 and 2004. The study clearly indicated that the resources are under the pressures of low to high threats, especially the coral reefs and seagrasses, if the pressures continue, coastal resources of the Palk Bay may face serious threats of destruction in this part of the Bay in the years to come.  相似文献   

18.
Degraded lands in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra were assessed using remote sensing technique. District wise land degradation maps were generated on 1:25,0000 scale through visual interpretation of lRS 1A data supported by limited ground survey. It was observed that degraded lands occupy nearly 2.1 million ha or 21.5 per cent of the total geographical area. The analysis of district wise land degradation statistics indicate that. Yavatmal and Akola districts are graded as having most problematic lands in the region. Nagpur, Amravati, Buldana and Wardha districts are categorised as moderately problematic, whereas Gadchiroli, Chandrapur and Bhandara are districts having least problem of degradation. Among the major land forms, the largest degraded area is associated with undifferentiated plain accounting for 1.1 million ha or 12 per cent of the total area of region, which is mostly under cultivation. It thus follows that problem of degradation is more rampant in agricultural land than forest/waste lands.  相似文献   

19.
Based on visual interpretation of Multidate Landsat Imagery, the spatial distribution of land use/land cover over 45,000 sq.km, spread over the three drought prone districts of Bijapur, Belgaum and Dharwar in NW Karnataka, has been mapped. The land use/land cover is classified into five Level-I and twelve Level-II classes. The pattern of change in land use/land cover during the period October, 1980 and January, 1982 has been one of decline in all the land use classes (except for agricultural use, which is more due to seasonal change) which highlight the land use/land cover changes in the drought prone area. An optimum land use plan requires that all the cropland should be zoned for cultivation while marginal lands like scrub land and mixed barren land (from the view point of cultivation) should be zoned for pasture/grazing and animal husbandary. There is a case for flexibility here, depending upon the pressure of population on land. The accuracy level of the ‘information base’ of the thematic map(s) obtained from Landsat imagery is 94 percent.  相似文献   

20.
The study area is characterized by low and fluctuating rainfall pattern, thin soil cover, predominantly rain-fed farming with low productivity coupled with intensive mining activities, urbanization, deforestation, wastelands and unwise utilization of natural resources causing human induced environmental degradation and ecological imbalances, that warrant sustainable development and optimum management of land resources. Spatial information related to existing geology, land use/land cover, physiography, slope and soils has been derived through remote sensing, collateral data and field survey and used as inputs in a widely used erosion model (Universal Soil Loss Equation) in India to compute soil loss (t/ha/yr) in GIS. The study area has been delineated into very slight (<5 t/ha/yr), slight (5–10 t/ha/yr), moderate (10–15 t/ha/yr), moderately severe (15–20 t/ha/yr), severe (20–40 t/ha/yr) and very severe (>40 t/ha/yr) soil erosion classes. The study indicate that 45.4 thousand ha. (13.7% of TGA) is under moderate, moderately severe, severe and very severe soil erosion categories. The physiographic unit wise analysis of soil loss in different landscapes have indicated the sensitive areas, that has helped to prioritize development and management plans for soil and water conservation measures and suitable interventions like afforestation, agro-forestry, agri-horticulture, silvipasture systems which will result in the improvement of productivity of these lands, protect the environment from further degradation and for the ecological sustenance.  相似文献   

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