共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
蒋承菘 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(3):96-97,102
文章提出另一类型地质灾害,即化学型地质灾害的定义及其分类。并认为化学型地质灾害不像物理型地质灾害那样发生瞬时灾害,而有一个延缓过程,但是一旦发生,难于挽救。化学型地质灾害体的主体是化学元素,开展地球化学调查,研究化学元素的赋存规律、土壤及沉积物承受各类元素的极限、各类元素活化的条件是揭示诱发化学型地质灾害机理的关键。因此要十分重视与加强化学型地质灾害的调查、研究、监测与治理工作。 相似文献
2.
红壤中稀土元素结合形态的分布及分配 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
红壤剖面中稀土元素结合形态的分布研究表明,稀土元素的各种结合形态中以残渣态为主,其次为铁锰氧化物结合态,大部分稀土元素的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机质结合态及酸溶态含量较为接近。稀土元素结合形态在剖面层中的分布大致可分为两类,一类以表层含量较高,如有机质结合态;另一类以深层含量较高,如可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、残渣态（大部分稀土元素表现为C层＞A层＞B层）和酸溶态（主要表现为C层＞B层＞A层）,而铁锰氧化物结合态变化较复杂,但主要集中在深层。不同母质对不同稀土元素各种结合形态的分布有一定的制约作用．表现为某些稀土元素的一些结合形态在一种或几种母质的红壤中占主导地位。稀土元素结合形态的分配研究表明,元素Pr、Tb、Tm、Yb、Lu的分异普遍比较显著,在不同结合形态中呈现富集或亏损,而Ce、Sm、Eu等元素则主要在某一种结合形态中发生分异。从稀土元素的各种结合形态与红壤的硅酸盐成分及其有机质含量、pH值间的相关分析认识到结合形态与红壤本身成分间的密切关系。 相似文献
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通过对已有的水化学溶液腐蚀作用后红砂岩三轴蠕变试验结果的分析,可知水化学作用能够加快岩石损伤的发展,增强红砂岩的蠕变效应。根据水岩化学作用的动力学理论,将红砂岩中可溶解胶结物的流失作为水化学腐蚀作用下岩石力学性能劣化的根本原因。通过化学反应速率方程和测定浸泡过程中溶液pH值的变化,定义了考虑初始pH值和时间的化学损伤因子。考虑流变过程中的应力损伤,基于广义Kelvin模型,提出了考虑水化学作用的砂岩流变损伤本构模型。通过对水化学作用下红砂岩流变试验结果进行模拟,对该模型进行了参数辨识和验证。结果表明,所提出的模型能够较好地反映水化学作用下砂岩的流变特性,具有有效性和合理性。 相似文献
4.
Theoretical analyses of chemical dissolution‐front instability in fluid‐saturated porous media under non‐isothermal conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper mainly deals with the theoretical aspects of chemical dissolution‐front instability problems in two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media under non‐isothermal conditions. In the case of the mineral dissolution ratio (that is defined as the ratio of the dissolved‐mineral equilibrium concentration in the pore fluid to the molar concentration of the dissolvable mineral in the solid matrix of the fluid‐saturated porous medium) approaching zero, the corresponding critical condition has been mathematically derived when temperature variation effects are considered. As a complementary tool, the computational simulation method is used to simulate the morphological evolution of chemical dissolution fronts in two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media under non‐isothermal conditions. The related theoretical and numerical results have demonstrated that: (i) a temperature increase in a non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system can have some influence on the propagation speed of the planar chemical dissolution front in the system. Generally, the chemical dissolution front in the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system propagates slower than that in the counterpart isothermal chemical dissolution system when the temperature of the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system is higher than that of the counterpart isothermal chemical dissolution system; (ii) a temperature increase in the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system can stabilize the chemical dissolution front propagating in the system, because it can cause a decrease in the Zhao number of the system but does not affect the critical Zhao number of the system; and (iii) the temperature gradient in the upstream direction of a chemical dissolution front is smaller than that in the downstream direction of the chemical dissolution front when the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system is supercritical. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Randall S. Babcock 《Lithos》1973,6(3):279-290
It is possible to calculate quantitative models of chemical transfer by metasomatic processes if rock density values are available with chemical analyses. A unique solution for the magnitude and sign of chemical transfer can be obtained only if the volume change or absolute variation in any chemical constituent can be established. However, even if evidence for volume change and chemical behavior is ambiguous, constraints can be placed on the chemical and physical characteristics of the chemical transfer process by making calculations based on reasonable assumptions. 相似文献
6.
针对龙门石窟灰岩水溶液侵蚀破坏现象,考虑石窟区的泉水、石窟渗水和雨水的化学成分,配置不同的化学溶液,研究不同化学溶液作用下龙门石窟灰岩的力学损伤特性及化学溶解行为。通过不同化学溶液侵蚀不同时间下灰岩的力学试验及分析,获得不同化学溶液侵蚀下龙门石窟灰岩强度损伤特性,建立化学溶液作用下灰岩单轴抗压强度随时间的侵蚀损伤方程。通过不同化学溶液侵蚀不同时间下灰岩溶解动力学试验及分析,研究灰岩在不同化学溶液中的溶解特性,建立化学溶液作用下灰岩侵蚀溶解动力学方程。试验分析研究表明,由于水化学溶液的溶解作用,化学溶液侵蚀下灰岩强度均有所下降。盐效应、同离子效应对灰岩溶解速率和强度的影响较大。盐效应提高灰岩溶解速率,同离子效应降低灰岩溶解速率。盐的种类和浓度均相同时,酸性越强,溶解速率越大;盐的种类和pH值相同时,盐浓度升高,灰岩溶解速率增大。研究结果将为石质文物及岩石工程的长期保护提供重要的理论基础,具有广泛的实际工程应用价值和应用前景。 相似文献
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为评价红层岩土化学特性对工程的影响,对红层岩土pH值、EC值、碳酸钙、芒硝、石膏等关键物质成分的变化规律进行了试验研究,提出了岩土化学稳定性的工程概念与分析思路,初步建立了pH值、EC值、碳酸钙、芒硝、石膏临界含量等指标组成的红层岩土化学稳定性综合判别标准,将红层岩土分为化学稳定性强、化学稳定性中等、化学稳定性差三类,为红层特殊岩土定量化评价与分类治理提供了参考依据。 相似文献
8.
Theoretical analysis and computational simulations have been carried out to investigate how medium and pore‐fluid compressibility affects the chemical‐dissolution front propagation, which is associated with a fully‐coupled nonlinear problem between porosity, pore‐fluid pressure, pore‐fluid density and reactive chemical‐species transport within a deformable and fluid‐saturated porous medium. When the fully‐coupled nonlinear system is in a subcritical state, some analytical solutions have been derived for a special case, in which the ratio of the equilibrium concentration to the solid molar density of the chemical species is approaching zero. To investigate the effect of either medium compressibility or pore‐fluid compressibility on the evolutions of chemical dissolution fronts in supercritical chemical dissolution systems, numerical algorithms and procedures have been also proposed. The related theoretical and numerical results have demonstrated that: (i) not only can pore‐fluid compressibility affect the propagating speeds of chemical dissolution fronts in both subcritical and supercritical systems, but also it can affect the growth and amplitudes of irregular chemical dissolution fronts in supercritical systems; (ii) medium compressibility may have a little influence on the propagating speeds of chemical dissolution fronts, but it can have significant effects on the growth and amplitudes of irregular chemical dissolution fronts in supercritical systems; and (iii) both medium and pore‐fluid compressibility may stabilize irregular chemical‐dissolution‐fronts in supercritical chemical dissolution systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
应用煤化工资源指标体系和评价方法,在查明煤化工资源地质背景和资源特性的基础上,研究了六盘水煤田盘北-水城矿区煤化工资源的类别、规模、赋存和分布,探讨了化工煤研究区赋存分布的地质成因,提出以资源为主要依据的煤化工产业布局规划建议.研究区化工煤查明储量42.74×108t,占其煤炭查明储量的62%,化工煤资源中,液化煤1.31×10gt,焦化煤17.45×108t,合成氨煤0.019×108t,气化煤23.96×108t.气化煤和焦化煤是区内化工煤资源的主要类型. 相似文献
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11.
通榆县氟中毒病区水文地球化学特征与氟中毒的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据地下水水文地球化学形成作用可分为径流通畅的水化学迁移带和径流缓慢的水化学元素富集带。该两条控制着地下水水化学元素的迁移与富集、地下水的矿化过程与程度和氟中毒的轻重程度。 相似文献
12.
Physical simulation experiment on oil displacement is an important approach to understand the mechanism and efficiency of displacement. Physical simulation experiments on water-flooding and chemical flooding in real cores with different lithologies and physical properties, reservoir Rock-Eval, TLC-FID, GC of saturated hydrocarbon fractions and GC-MS of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions were performed to investigate differences in the geochemistry of residual oils in the cores processed by water-flooding and chemical flooding. After fine sandstone was displaced with the two methods, the preferable replacement efficiency was displayed by the chemical constitutions of residual oils. As to glutenite, water-flooding is less effective, while chemical flooding has excellent performance according to changes in chemical compounds in oils. The results showed that the geochemical characteristics of the reservoir oils and lithology and physical properties of reservoir bed need to be considered in selecting replacement methods. In addition, the geochemical parameters for residual oils slightly changed during water-flooding and chemical flooding, which suggested the water-flooding and chemical flooding could not affect the application of these parameters in geochemistry. 相似文献
13.
化学固沙材料在干旱沙漠地区的应用 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
在查阅大量文献的基础上，探讨了化学固沙原理。通过实地试验，较系统地分析了常用的化学固沙材料、效果及在干旱沙漠地区应用化学固沙材料的适宜性。新型化学固沙材料及其特性的研究是当今化学固沙的重要内容。文章简要介绍了新型化学固沙材料的研究进展。SH为新型高分子材料，具有较高的强度、良好的耐水性、抗冻融和耐老化性能，成本低，喷洒工艺方便、简单，是固沙的理想产品。化学固沙快速方便，但防沙作用差，应开展化学-生物固沙一体化综合研究。固沙植被用新材料及低成本制备技术的研发，将在年降雨量只有数10mm的WN广大沙漠区防沙治沙中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
14.
砒砂岩化学成分特征对重力侵蚀的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以内蒙南部砒砂岩的重力侵蚀为例,研究岩石化学成分与重力侵蚀发育的主要控制因素抗剪强度的之间关系。通过对砒砂岩样品的化学成分、矿物组成、力学性质等参数的测试和试验结果,利用化学蚀变指数(CIA)阐明了岩石的风化程度,分析了岩石中不稳定的化学成分在水的作用下,对岩石的化学风化作用和岩石强度的影响。并对砒砂岩的化学成分含量与其内聚力进行两两相关分析和多元相关分析。这些对砒砂岩区基岩的重力侵蚀机理研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
15.
Calculated phase equilibria involving chemical potentials to investigate the textural evolution of metamorphic rocks 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Evolving pressure–temperature conditions during metamorphism drive changes in the stable mineral assemblage, mineral proportions and mineral compositions in rocks. These changes are achieved via the diffusion of components between minerals, fluid and melt, the driving force for diffusion being the gradients in chemical potential of the components developed spatially within the rock. This study utilises recent developments in the software thermocalc to investigate quantitatively chemical potential relationships in rocks, with the phases involved being (solid) solutions. Phase diagrams with chemical potentials as axes are used to understand better the spatial rearrangement of components during the metamorphic evolution of rocks and the metamorphic textures that result. In contrast to qualitative chemical potential diagrams, quantitative diagrams can be contoured for mineral composition, allowing consideration of chemical zoning in minerals. Furthermore, the amount of material required to diffuse to equalise chemical potentials can be calculated. We start by demonstrating the approach via an example of retrograde corona development in an ultra-high-temperature granulite. Whereas the use of chemical potentials to consider the retrograde development of corona textures is well known, they are also significant in considering the prograde history. The role of chemical potentials in prograde metamorphic textural evolution is highlighted in consideration of the consumption and growth of aluminosilicates during the kyanite-to-sillimanite reaction, and the growth of garnet porphyroblasts. 相似文献
16.
Hydrogen peroxide interference in chemical oxygen demand during ozone based advanced oxidation of anaerobically digested livestock wastewater 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
E. Lee M.Sc H. Lee M.Sc. Y. K. Kim Ph.D. K. Sohn M.Sc. K. Lee Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(2):381-388
It is known that hydrogen peroxide interferes with chemical oxygen demand analysis by consuming oxidation agents such as potassium dichromate, thus leading to overestimation of the chemical oxygen demand measurements. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide interference and to determine true chemical oxygen demand values on interpreting treatment performance during ozone-based advanced oxidation of livestock wastewater in which hydrogen peroxide concentration and chemical oxygen demand values are dynamically changing. According to the chemical oxygen demand monitoring data, chemical oxygen demand values were always higher than the initial chemical oxygen demand load when hydrogen peroxide was involved and the treatment performance with ozone alone or ozone/ultraviolet was better than with coupled hydrogen peroxide. The extent of overestimation was proportional to the remaining hydrogen peroxide concentration and the average overestimation ratio in livestock wastewater was in the range of 0.50～0.58 mg per 1 mg of hydrogen peroxide, depending upon the quality of the wastewater treated. True chemical oxygen demand values were estimated by correlating the extent of overestimation with the remaining hydrogen peroxide concentration during treatment. The extent of overestimation decreased to zero gradually as the amount of hydrogen peroxide also approached zero as oxidation proceeded. The corrected chemical oxygen demand values indicated underlying tendency of oxidation, which could not be seen in the original chemical oxygen demand monitoring data. Application of ozone/hydrogen peroxide was more efficient for reducing chemical oxygen demand than ozone alone, as was ozone/hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet compared to ozone/ultraviolet. When coupled with ozone, ultraviolet irradiation was more efficient than hydrogen peroxide for decreasing chemical oxygen demand during treatment of livestock wastewater. 相似文献
17.
从同位素到板块构造:化学地球动力学 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
化学地球动力学是地球化学的分支学科,它在研究地球内部化学组成和演化时,把地球视为一个完整的动力学系统而不是彼此孤立的地质集合体。通过研究地球各层圈内部的化学结构和过程以及不同层圈之间的化学相互作用,从本质上研究和认识发生在地球内部的各种地质作用。文中概括了化学地球动力学的特点和突出成果,分析了化学地球动力学研究的科学意义,并对在中国开展壳幔相互作用的化学地球动力学研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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盱眙高家洼-梁家洼凹凸棒石粘土矿床成矿特征及成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盱眙高家洼—梁家洼凹凸棒石粘土矿床是苏皖新生代凹凸棒石粘土成矿带的典型矿床之一。分析研究了Ⅴ号粘土矿层分布特征、矿石的矿物成分、化学成分、物化性能与工艺性能,与成矿带内龙王山等矿床同层位矿石及顶底板玄武岩作了化学成分比较。分析了凹凸棒石粘土矿的成矿环境与物理化学条件,指出了矿床成因。 相似文献
20.
在调查掌握某化工厂区地下水氯化物指标的基础上,得出了该化工厂区地下水中氯化物为污染指标。查明了该化工厂区水文地质条件,建立了该区水文地质概念模型,采用模型计算方法,预测了该化工厂区地下水流场的变化,对工厂企业采取治理措施后的地下水中氯化物浓度进行了分析与预测,对治理措施的有效性进行了评价。结果表明:模型计算结果能够反映该区地下水中氯化物的变化规律,在工厂企业采取污染防治措施之后,该区内地下水中氯化物浓度大幅下降,计算结果与实际监测结果相符,模型可预测该化工厂区地下水氯化物发展趋势,对该化工厂区地下水污染防治具有重要的实际意义。 相似文献